| 1. |
- Petersson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Ett kvartssekel med föräldragrupper i barnhälsovården - var står vi idag?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 102:39, s. 6-2754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- En trygg föräldrarelation, präglad av värme och rimliga gränser, är en viktig förutsättning för barns hälsa och välfärd och för att de senare i livet ska kunna samspela förtroendefullt med omgivningen. Inom hälso- och sjukvården finns idag en omfattande verksamhet, exempelvis öppna föräldragrupper, vars syfte är att ge stöd i föräldraskapet. En aktuell rapport från Folkhälsoinstitutet visar att en stor del av denna verksamhet fortfarande saknar vetenskaplig evidens, men också att tillgången på evidens ökat dramatiskt under de senaste 10–15 åren. Här redovisas resultaten från tre lokala studier av föräldragrupper inom barnhälsovården, vilka exemplifierar resultaten i Folkhälsoinstitutets rapport.
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| 2. |
- Albertsson, Daniel M, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of a 4-item score predicting hip fracture and mortality risk among elderly women.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Annals of family medicine. - : Annals of Family Medicine. - 1544-1717 .- 1544-1709. ; 5:1, s. 48-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: One in 4 Swedish women experiences a hip fracture, an event that has high concomitant morbidity and mortality. We developed and validated a clinical predictor of fracture and mortality risk, the Fracture and Mortality (FRAMO) Index. METHODS: This was a population-based prospective cohort study with a baseline questionnaire and 2-year outcomes of hip fracture, fragility fracture, and death. The questionnaire was sent to 1,498 women aged 70 years or older in 3 rural populations, asking them about their age, weight, height, mobility, previous fractures, smoking, medication use, and housing. Some women were also asked about previous vertebral radiographs. We defined 2 risk models before outcome data collection and subsequently renamed 1 model (age =80 years, weight <60 kg, previous fragility fracture, and the need to use arms to rise from the sitting position) the FRAMO Index. We used logistic regression analysis to study the association between the FRAMO Index and outcomes in all participants. RESULTS: The participation rate was 83% in this elderly female population (N = 1,248). The 63% of women with 0 to 1 risk factor had a 2-year hip fracture risk of 0.8% and mortality risk of 3.2%. In contrast, women with 2 to 4 risk factors had a 2-year hip fracture risk of 5.4% (odds ratio = 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 3.0-18.4) and mortality risk of 23.7% (odds ratio = 9.5; 95% confidence interval, 6.0-14.9). These differences remained significant after adjustment for age as a continuous variable. Mortality increased with the number of risk factors. The proportion of women reporting previous vertebral fractures was higher among the group specifically questioned about vertebral radiographs (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: The FRAMO Index identified the majority of women who experienced hip fractures during a 2-year follow-up, who might have been candidates for intensified preventive measures. The FRAMO Index, based on 4 binary risk factors, would be practical for routine use in primary care.
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| 3. |
- André, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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More physician consultations and antibiotic prescriptions in families with high concern about infectious illness-adequate response to infection-prone child or self-fulfilling prophecy?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Family Practice. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0263-2136 .- 1460-2229. ; 24:4, s. 302-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Respiratory tract infections (RTI) in children is the most common cause of prescription of antibiotics. It is important to describe and analyse non-medical factors in order to develop more rational use of antibiotics. Objectives. To compare families with high and low concern about infectious illness with regard to social variables, perception of infection proneness and beliefs in antibiotics and to relate the concern for infectious illness to reported morbidity, physician consultations and antibiotic prescriptions for the 18-month-old child in the family. Methods. A prospective, population-based survey was performed. During 1 month, all infectious symptoms, physician consultations and antibiotic treatments for 18-month-old children were noted. The 818 families also answered questions about their socio-economic situation, illness perception and concern about infectious illness. Results. High concern about infectious illness was associated with more frequent physicians consultations and more prescriptions of antibiotics. There was no significant difference in reported days with symptoms of RTI, but the parents more often experienced their children with RTI without fever as being ill. The variables of infection proneness in the child, inadequate beliefs in antibiotics and the factor of being the only child were important explanatory factors for concern about infectious illness. Conclusions. High concern about infectious illness is an important determining factor for physician consultations and antibiotic prescription for small children. An adequate consultation, where the doctor deals with the parents' worries and gives appropriate information about symptoms and disease, might contribute to less antibiotic prescribing with preserved parental satisfaction.
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| 4. |
- Eberbeck, Dietmar, et al.
(författare)
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AC susceptometry and magnetorelaxometry for magnetic nanoparticle based biomolecule detection
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles are increasingly used as probes in biomolecule detection. We compared two different techniques, which provide information on the state of the magnetic particle system. The dynamics of an ensemble of magnetic nanoparticles was probed measuring the response its magnetisation both on an alternating magnetic field by AC-susceptometry and on a jump of external magnetic field by magnetorelaxometry. In order to compare both techniques, we studied the binding of streptavidin functionalized nanoparticles (fluidMAG/BC-SAV) to biotin-agarose beads and to biotinylated prostate specific antigens (PSA-10). By both techniques we observed specific changes in shape and amplitude of the characteristic signals due the binding of the particles. Therewith the signals of bound and unbound probes can be discriminated and a homogeneous assay without time-comsuming washing steps is realized. The AC susceptometry method provides a robust and sensitive measurement technology. Magnetorelaxometry, utilizing superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) as magnetic field sensors, owns a much shorter measurement time and has the potential of an even higher sensitivity, at the expense of a considerably increased technological effort.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Fornara, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Tailored Magnetic Nanoparticles for Direct and Sensitive Detection of Biomolecules in Biological Samples
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nano letters (Print). - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 8:10, s. 3423-3428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We developed nanoparticles with tailored magnetic properties for sensitive detection of biomolecules directly in biological samples in a single step. Thermally blocked nanoparticles obtained by thermal hydrolysis are mixed with sample solutions and the variation of the magnetic relaxation due to surface binding is used to detect the presence of biomolecules. The binding events significantly increase the hydrodynamic volume of nanoparticles, thus changing their Brownian relaxation frequency which is measured by a specifically developed AC-susceptometer.The system was tested for the presence of Brucella antibodies in serum samples from infected cows and the surface of the nanoparticles was functionalized with lipopolysaccarides (LPS) from Brucella abortus. The hydrodynamic volume of functionalized particles increased by 25-35% as a result of the binding of the antibodies, as measured by changes in the susceptibility in an alternating magnetic field. The method has shown high sensitivity, with detection limit of 7 nmol·L-1 in serum without any pre-treatment of the biological samples.The detection method is very sensitive, cost-efficient and versatile, giving a direct indication if the animal is infected or not, making it suitable for point-of care applications. The functionalization of tailored magnetic nanoparticles can be modified to suit numerous homogenous assays for a wide range of applications.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hedin, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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A population-based study of different antibiotic prescribing in different areas
- 2006
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Ingår i: British Journal of General Practice. - London, UK : Royal College of General Practitioners. - 0960-1643 .- 1478-5242. ; 56:530, s. 680-685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Respiratory tract infections are the most common reason for antibiotic prescription in Sweden as in other countries. The prescription rates vary markedly in different countries, counties and municipalities. The reasons for these variations in prescription rate are not obvious. Aim: To find possible explanations for different antibiotic prescription rates in children. Design of study Prospective population based study. Setting All child health clinics in four municipalities in Sweden which, according to official statistics, had high antibiotic prescription rates, and all child health clinics in three municipalities which had low antibiotic prescription rates. Method: During one month, parents recorded all infectious symptoms, physician consultations and antibiotic treatments, from 848 18-month-old children in a log book. The parents also answered a questionnaire about socioeconomic factors and concern about infectious diseases. Results: Antibiotics were prescribed to 11.6% of the children in the high prescription area and 4.7% in the low prescription area during the study month (crude odds ratio [OR] = 2.67; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.45 to 4.93). After multiple logistic regression analyses taking account of socioeconomic factors, concern about infectious illness, number of symptom days and physician consultations, differences in antibiotic prescription rates remained (adjusted OR = 2.61; 95% CI = 1.14 to 5.98). The variable that impacted most on antibiotic prescription rates, although it was not relevant to the geographical differences, was a high level of concern about infectious illness in the family. Conclusions: The differences in antibiotic prescription rates could not be explained by socioeconomic factors, concern about infectious illness, number of symptom days and physician consultations. The differences may be attributable to different prescription behaviour.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hedin, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Physician consultation and antibiotic prescription in Swedish infants : population-based comparison of group daycare and home care.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 96:7, s. 1059-1063
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Daycare infants have more infectious episodes, see a physician more often, and are prescribed antibiotics more often than home care infants. Aim: To compare physician consultations and antibiotic prescription in daycare children and home care children taking number of symptom days, sociodemographic factors, concern about infectious illness and antibiotic knowledge into account. Methods: For a cohort of Swedish 18-month-old children all infectious symptoms, physician consultation and antibiotic prescriptions were registered during 1 month. Results: 561 infants with daycare outside the home and 278 with daycare at home were included. Of the daycare infants, 23.2% saw a physician and 11.4% were prescribed antibiotics, as compared with 10.8% physician consultations and 5.0% antibiotic prescription for the home care infants. For daycare infants the crude odds ratio for physician consultation were 2.49 (1.63–3.82) and for antibiotic prescription 2.43 (1.34–4.41) compared with home care infants. However, these differences were no longer statistically significant when background data, concern about infectious illness and reported symptoms were taken into account. Conclusion: When background data, concern about infectious illness and reported infectious symptoms were taken into account daycare infants saw a physician and was prescribed antibiotics in the same way as home care infants.
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| 11. |
- Lennell, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol-based hand-disinfection reduced children's absence from Swedish day care centers
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - Oslo : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 97:12, s. 1672-1680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To determine if the use of alcohol-based hand-disinfection as a complement to regular hand washing at daycare centers (DCCs) can reduce the childhood rate of absenteeism. Methods: Children aged 0–6 years attending DCC were studied in a cluster randomized controlled trial during 30 weeks. Thirty matched pairs of DCCs were included in the study, where one of the DCCs was randomized to intervention and the other to control within each pair. The intervention consisted in children and staff using alcohol-based oily disinfectant gel containing 70% ethanol after regular hand washing. The main outcome was the rate of episodes of absence from DCC due to infection. A regression model was fitted at the individual level and controlling several possible confounders for illness. Absences were reported by the parents. Results: Differences in missing absence reports between the two groups led to only evaluating those 29 DCCs (1431 children) that were able to provide complete reports. In the multivariate regression, the intervention significantly reduced the rate of absenteeism of a child by 12% compared to a child in a control DCC (IRR 95% CI: 0.799–0.965).
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| 12. |
- Nogenmyr, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparative Study of LES Turbulent Combustion Models Applied to a Low Swirl Lean Premixed Burner
- 2008
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Ingår i: AIAA 2008-513. - Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we compare two types of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulent combustion models with experimental data for a low swirl stabilized turbulent lean premixed flame. Such flames are a great challenge to numerical simulations since they are unsteady and sensitive to boundary conditions, and details of the experimental set-up. The two classes of LES turbulent combustion models considered are the flamelet and finite rate chemistry models. Individual models of each category may be very different, but in the former the flame is considered infinitely thin, whereas in the latter the chemical kinetics and the diffusion governs the flame behavior. As representative of the flamelet models we here use a G-equation model, and as representative of the finite rate chemistry models we use the thickened flame model and the partially stirred reactor model. Predictions are being compared with measurement data for an atmospheric low-swirl methane/air flame. The experimental measurement data include data from stereoscopic PIV, filtered Rayleigh scattering and acetone LIF, providing information about the velocity, temperature and fuel distribution. All LES show reasonable agreement with the experimental data, predicting a lifted weakly swirling, flame oscillating back and forth just above the rim of the burner. A more detailed comparison of the predictions with the experimental data show that best quantitative agreement is obtained by one of the finite rate chemistry models, whereas the best qualitative comparison is obtained by the flamelet model. Causes for the difference in qualitative and quantitative behavior are elaborated on in the concluding remarks section.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Prieto Astalan, A., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic response of thermally blocked magnetic nanoparticles in a pulsed magnetic field
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-8853 .- 1873-4766. ; 311:1, s. 166-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to detect fast changes of the Brownian relaxation time due to reaction kinetics on the surface of magnetic particles or particle-clustering processes, we have developed a method that uses pulsed magnetic fields and detects the relaxation of the magnetic response on the time scale of milliseconds. We compared measurements in the frequency domain with the time domain measurement using particle suspensions with three different median sizes. The results obtained with the two methods agreed well. Time domain determination of Brownian relaxation was then used to study the reaction kinetics of the clustering process when sodium chloride solution was added to a magnetic nanoparticle suspension.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Ravnskov, Uffe, et al.
(författare)
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Radikal förändring av WHO:s syn på fett
- 2009
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Ingår i: Dagens medicin. - Stockholm, Sverige : Dagens Medicin Sverige AB. - 1104-7488.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Schaller, Vincent, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Motion of nanometer sized magnetic particles in a magnetic field gradient
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 104:9, s. no:093918-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using magnetic particles with sizes in the nanometer range in biomedical magnetic separation has gained much interest recently due to their higher surface area to particle volume and lower sedimentation rates. In this paper, we report our both theoretical and experimental investigation of the motion of magnetic particles in a magnetic field gradient with particle sizes from 425 nm down to 50 nm. In the experimental measurements, we monitor the absorbance change of the sample volume as the particle concentration varies over time. We also implement a Brownian dynamics algorithm to investigate the influence of particle interactions during the separation and compare it to the experimental results for validation. The simulation agrees well with the measurements for particle sizes around 425 nm. Some discrepancies remain for smaller particle sizes, which may indicate that additional factors also influence the separation for the smaller size range. We observe that the separation process includes the formation of chainlike particle aggregates due to the magnetic dipole-dipole interactions between particles when subjected to an external magnetic field. We can also see that the hydrodynamic interaction between these chains contributes to reducing the separation time. In conclusion, we show that the formation of these particle aggregates, and to a less extent the hydrodynamic interactions between them contributes to significantly enhancing the particle separation process. © 2008 American Institute of Physics.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Scherstén, Tore, et al.
(författare)
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Kostråden saknar vetenskaplig grund
- 2009
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Ingår i: Dagens medicin. - Stockholm, Sverige : Dagens Medicin Sverige AB. - 1104-7488.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Uher, J., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of 3D thermal neutron semiconductor detectors
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 576:1, s. 32-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neutron semiconductor detectors for neutron counting and neutron radiography have an increasing importance. Simple silicon neutron detectors are combination of a planar diode with a layer of an appropriate neutron converter such as (LiF)-Li-6. These devices have limited detection efficiency of not more than 5%. The detection efficiency can be increased by creating a 3D microstructure of dips, trenches or pores in the detector and filling it with a neutron converter. The first results related to the development of such devices are presented. Silicon detectors were fabricated with pyramidal dips on the surface covered with (LiF)-Li-6 and then irradiated by thermal neutrons. Pulse height spectra of the energy deposited in the sensitive volume were compared with simulations. The detection efficiency of these devices was about 6.3%. Samples with different column sizes were fabricated to study the electrical properties of 3D structures. Charge collection efficiencies in silicon columns from 10 to 800 mu m wide and 80-200 mu m high were measured with alpha particles.The neutron detection efficiency of a full 3D structure was simulated. The results indicate an increase in detection efficiency by a factor of 6 in comparison with a standard planar neutron detector.
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| 25. |
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