| 1. |
- Golman, Klaes, et al.
(författare)
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13C-angiography.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Academic Radiology. - 1878-4046. ; 9:Suppl 2, s. 507-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Umefjord, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Medical text-based consultations on the Internet : a 4-year study.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Medical Informatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-5056 .- 1872-8243. ; 77:2, s. 114-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Internet is increasingly used for health matters including Ask the doctor services. AIM: To describe users and usage pattern of text-based medical consultation with family physicians on the Internet. METHODS: Descriptive analysis of the first 4 years' use of a Swedish Ask the doctor service concerning number of inquiries, age and gender of inquirers. Time of day and week, types of medical inquiries, and use in relation to population density was analyzed during the last year of the study. RESULTS: We found a considerable number of users, with 38,217 inquiries submitted to the service. Three-fourths of the inquirers were women, thus exceeding the gender difference seen in regular health care. The typical user was a woman aged 21-60 years. The service was used any time day or night, 7 days a week. Almost half of the inquiries were submitted during evenings and nights. Most areas of medicine were represented in the inquiries, reflecting the fact that there was no control of what an inquiry should include. The use was widespread over the country but more frequent per capita in more densely populated areas as defined by postal code. CONCLUSION: In the study of a service for text-based consultations with family physicians on the Internet, we found a geographically widely distributed use, slowly but gradually increasing during a 4-year period. The use increased more rapidly among young and middle-aged women. Asynchronous text-based consultation is likely to expand in the near future.
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| 3. |
- Umefjord, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Primary care phycians’ experiences of carrying out consultations on the Internet
- 2004
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Ingår i: Informatics in Primary Care. - : Portico. - 1476-0320 .- 1475-9985. ; 12:2, s. 85-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The internet is increasingly used for health matters, including consulting a doctor. Primary care physicians (general practitioners) will probably be involved in performing text-based consultations on the internet as a complement to physical meetings. In the present study, we explored the experiences of GPs already performing consultations on the internet: the challenges, worries and educational demands of the task. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was given to 21 GPs performing consultations on the internet for a public, non-commercial 'ask the doctor' service. The questionnaire was carried out at a meeting or sent by mail. The doctors answered a total of 28 questions, 12 of which included graded alternatives. RESULTS: The participating GPs were stimulated and challenged by performing consultations on the internet with previously unknown enquirers, in spite of limitations caused by the lack of personal meetings and physical examinations. The participants experienced a high educational value as a result of the problem-based learning situation induced by unfamiliar questions. The asynchronous feature was appreciated as it allowed time to reflect and perform relevant information searches before replying. Prior training and long-term experience as a family doctor were recommended before embarking on this method of consultation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the GPs studied experienced their new role as internet doctors mainly in a positive way, with some limitations. With the increase in consultations on the internet, training in this technique should be integrated into the curricula of medical schools and of continuous professional development (CPD).
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| 4. |
- Umefjord, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Reasons for consulting a doctor on the Internet : Web survey of users of an Ask the Doctor service
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 5:4, s. e26-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In 1998 the Swedish noncommercial public health service Infomedica opened an Ask the Doctor service on its Internet portal. At no charge, anyone with Internet access can use this service to ask questions about personal health-related and disease-related matters. OBJECTIVE: To study why individuals choose to consult previously-unknown doctors on the Internet. METHODS: Between November 1, 2001, and January 31, 2002 a Web survey of the 3622 Ask the Doctor service users, 1036 men (29%) and 2586 (71%) women, was conducted. We excluded 186 queries from users. The results are based on quantitative and qualitative analysis of the answers to the question "Why did you choose to ask a question at Infomedica's 'Ask the Doctor' service?" RESULTS: 1223 surveys were completed (response rate 36 %). Of the participants in the survey 322 (26%) were male and 901 (74%) female. As major reasons for choosing to consult previously-unknown doctors on the Internet participants indicated: convenience (52%), anonymity (36%), "doctors too busy" (21%), difficult to find time to visit a doctor (16%), difficulty to get an appointment (13%), feeling uncomfortable when seeing a doctor (9%), and not being able to afford a doctors' visit (3%). Further motives elicited through a qualitative analysis of free-text answers were: seeking a second opinion, discontent with previous doctors and a wish for a primary evaluation of a medical problem, asking embarrassing or sensitive questions, seeking information on behalf of relatives, preferring written communication, and (from responses by expatriates, travelers, and others) living far away from regular health care. CONCLUSIONS: We found that that an Internet based Ask the Doctor service is primarily consulted because it is convenient, but it may also be of value for individuals with needs that regular health care services have not been able to meet.
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| 5. |
- Umefjord, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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The use of an internet-based ask the doctor service involving family physicians : evaluation by a web survey
- 2006
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Ingår i: Family Practice. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0263-2136 .- 1460-2229. ; 23:2, s. 159-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Internet consultation without a previous relationship between the doctor and the enquirer seems to be increasing in popularity. However, little is known about the advantages, disadvantages or other differences compared with regular health care when using this kind of service. OBJECTIVE: To investigate how an Internet-based Ask the Doctor service out with any pre-existing doctor-patient relationship was used and evaluated by the enquirers. METHODS: We recruited to a web-based survey users of the non-commercial Swedish Internet-based Ask the Doctor service run by family physicians. The survey was conducted between November 2001 and January 2002. Questions included both multiple choice and free text formats, and the results were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 1223 participants. It was mainly women who submitted questions to the service (29% men, 71% women) and also who participated in the survey (26% men, 74% women). Most participants (77%) wrote their question at home, and 80% asked on their own behalf. Almost half of the enquiries (45%) concerned a medical matter that had not been evaluated by a medical professional before. After reading the answer, 43% of the participants indicated that they would not pursue their question further having received sufficient information in the answer provided. The service was appreciated for its convenience and flexibility, but also for reasons to do with the mode of communication such as the ability to reflect on the written answer without having to hurry and to read it more than once. CONCLUSION: In the present study, we found that an Internet-based Ask the Doctor service run by family physicians on the whole was evaluated positively by the participants both in terms of the answers and the service. Internet-based consultation may act as a complement to regular health care. In future studies, the cost-effectiveness, patient security, responsibilities of the Internet doctor and the role of Ask the Doctor services compared with regular health care should be evaluated.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1977-
(författare)
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Från svensk malmexport till utländsk etablering : Grängesbergsbolagets internationalisering 1953-1980
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the internationalisation of the Grängesberg Company from 1953 to 1980. The strategies that the company used and the knowledge it gained by participating in international mining projects are studied. The first and largest mining activity abroad was the Lamco project in Liberia. By transferring the company’s competence and knowledge of mining activities to Liberia, the Grängesberg Company used an international strategy of horizontal integration. The company’s contacts were of importance to start the production in 1963. The main ambition was thereafter to negotiate new long-term contracts in order to create stability for the project in the 1960s and the 1970s. Through its involvement in the Lamco project, the Grängesberg Company also acquired shares in a Belgian steel company and became half-owner with the Liberian state in a foreign shipping company. The experience and knowledge that the company gained in the Lamco project was used to increase its internationalisation in the 1970s. Appointing a Mineral Project Group, it investigated existing mineral projects abroad and formulated new internationalisation strategies such as vertical integration and diversification. The main motive for the further expansion abroad in the mining area was a need for resources for its domestic production. The most important outcome was the acquisition of a Canadian copper company, and the company integrated backwards to gain access to copper. The Grängesberg Company also used its competence by doing prospecting work in New Caledonia, Peru and Canada and consultant work in mining projects in Iran and Saudi Arabia in the 1970s. The study has shown that further international expansion became limited because of the downturn of the international economy in the 1970s, but also because of the company’s cautious attitude towards the political risks that were associated with international mining projects.
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| 10. |
- Bergsåker, Henric, et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear reaction analysis with ion microbeam of cross sections of surface layers deposited in tokamak divertor
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3115 .- 1873-4820. ; 362:2-3, s. 215-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ion micro beam analysis has been applied to the investigation of plasma deposited layers covering the divertor tiles in the JET tokamak. Since the layers are about 100 μm thick they are too thick to be completely investigated by ordinary ion beam analysis. Cross sections of the layers were prepared by cutting and polishing. Elemental depth profiles were determined from the two dimensional images that could be derived by nuclear reaction analysis and resonant backscattering spectrometry, using ion beams focused to a few μm spot size. A combination of analysis methods are shown, which allow measurements of the concentration profiles of carbon, beryllium, deuterium, oxygen and stainless steel components at levels of a few percent, with an accuracy better than 10%.
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| 11. |
- Bertilsson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation of a low atmospheric-noise modified four-quadrant position sensitive detector
- 2001
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 466:1, s. 183-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A modified four-quadrant position sensitive detector (PSD) is developed. This structure is less sensitive to atmospheric turbulence that is a major drawback with the traditional four-quadrant detector. The inter-electrode resistance is as high as for the four-quadrant detector, which is an advantage compared to the lateral effect PSD. The linearity for the modified four-quadrant detector is good in the whole active range of sensing. The structures are limited to small sensing areas with well focused beams and are suitable for use in detectors up to 1 mm in size.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Darwish, N, et al.
(författare)
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Second order effects of aspect ratio variations in high sensitivity grating couplers
- 2007
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Ingår i: Microelectronic Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-9317. ; 84:5-8, s. 1896-2011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the following article we present our developments on how the geometrical parameters modify a grating-coupler sensitivity. Different sensors were fabricated, starting from the thin grating approximation (TGA), where the grating thickness is deprecated. Then, these devices were modified by varying etching depths and duty cycles. The sensors were modeled utilizing the equivalent layer approximation (ELA), and then the coupling angles were measured in the optical bench, showing an excellent agreement between model and reality. The same approximation was used to investigate how to improve the sensitivity of these devices. Another focus of attention was the integration of screen SiO2 layers over some grating paths for in-coupling and reference purposes.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Edén, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Return to work still possible after several years as a disability pensioner due to musculoskeletal disorders : a population-based study after new legislation in Sweden permitting "resting disability pension"
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 26:2, s. 147-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different strategies have been used to stimulate a return to work (RTW) among individuals suffering from long-term ailments. In Sweden a new law on "resting disability pension" permits disability pensioners to go back to work without jeopardising their benefits. In this study different variables related to RTW during 2000 by means of this legislation were identified among disability pensioners with musculoskeletal disorders. Individuals in the study group, when compared to a control group, had more often been disability pensioners for several years, had additional education, estimated their previous job to have been physically strenuous to a lesser degree, were more satisfied with the treatment at the social insurance office and had a more positive self-image. This study shows that it may be meaningful to continue/resume rehabilitation efforts and to try to motivate an individual suffering from musculoskeletal disorders to return to work even after several years as a disability pensioner.
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| 18. |
- Emmoth, Birger, et al.
(författare)
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In-situ measurements of carbon and deuterium deposition using the fast reciprocating probe in TEXTOR
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3115 .- 1873-4820. ; 390-91, s. 179-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicon samples were exposed in the scrape-off layer of the TEXTOR plasma using a fast reciprocating probe, with the aim of studying carbon deposition and deuterium retention during Dynamic Ergodic Divertor (DED) operation. Separate samples were exposed for 300 ms at the flat-top phase of neutral beam heated discharges. The exposure conditions were varied on a shot-to-shot basis by external magnetic perturbations generated by the DED in the m/n = 3/1, DC regime, base configuration. Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) was used to characterise collector sample surfaces after their exposure. Enhanced concentrations of both carbon and deuterium (C 3-10 x 10(16) at./cm(2), D 8-60 x 10(15) at./cm(2)) were found. The D/C ratio was less than unity which indicates that most of the carbon and deuterium were co-deposited. Carbon e-folding lengths of about 2 cm were found on both toroidal sides of the probe independent of DED perturbations.
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| 19. |
- Engström, Kristina, 1963-
(författare)
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Fluoride concentration in plaque and saliva and its effects on oral ecology after intake of fluoridated milk
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- According to WHO, the addition of fluoride to milk could be considered as an alternative to water fluoridation for community-based caries prevention in childhood. School-based schemes in developing as well as industrial countries have demonstrated substantial benefits on oral health, but there are limited data available on the local events in the oral cavity after consumption of fluoridated milk. The general aim of the present investigations was to investigate the concentration of fluoride obtained in saliva and dental plaque after ingestion of Fmilk and to explore the possible effects on the oral ecology. A series of controlled studies were performed in vivo in which samples of saliva and dental plaque were collected and analysed with respect to fluoride content, microbial composition and acidogenicity. An in vitro study evaluated the effect on enamel lesion formation. In paper I, significantly increased concentrations of fluoride (p<0.05) were disclosed in saliva 15 minutes after drinking the fluoride-containing water or milk. In the plaque samples however, the F-increase remained significantly elevated still after 2 hours. The availability of fluoride from milk was generally somewhat lower than from water but the differences were not statistically significant in either plaque or saliva. In paper II, the fluoride concentration in plaque was further explored after a single intake or habitual consumption of fluoridated milk together with a regular meal. The results showed that cariesinhibiting levels of fluoride persisted up to 4 hours after intake. There were no significant differences between the single intakes when compared with repeated intakes. In paper III, the influence of fluoridated milk on the salivary microorganisms associated with dental caries was evaluated. No significant alterations of the microflora were found compared with baseline. There was a slight reduction in the proportion of mutans streptococci after 2 and 4 weeks during consumption with fluoridated milk but the difference failed to reach statistical significance. In paper IV it was demonstrated that fluoridated milk significantly (p<0.05) could counteract the lactic acid formation in dental plaque as initiated with sucrose. In paper V, laser fluorescence technique was used to monitor the effect of fluoridated milk on enamel lesion formation in an experimental caries model. The results reinforced previous research and showed a hampering effect of fluoridated milk. No side effects were reported in any of the investigations. The findings of this thesis substantiate that milk is a suitable vehicle for fluoride administration and contribute to the understanding and possible explanations for the anti-caries properties of fluoridated milk. The main conclusions were: a) intake of fluoridated milk resulted in significantly elevated fluoride levels in saliva within the first 15 minutes and up to 4 hours in dental plaque when fluoridate milk was consumed together with meal, b) no significant alteration of the salivary microflora was disclosed after habitual intake of fluoridated milk but a delayed carbohydrate-mediated lactic acid formation in suspensions of dental plaque could be demonstrated, c) the fluoride concentrations in plaque were not negatively influence by the food intake, and d) the in vitro findings advocated that fluoride added to milk reduced enamel lesion formation as assessed by laser fluorescence technique in an experimental caries model.According to WHO, the addition of fluoride to milk could be considered as an alternative to water fluoridation for community-based caries prevention in childhood. School-based schemes in developing as well as industrial countries have demonstrated substantial benefits on oral health, but there are limited data available on the local events in the oral cavity after consumption of fluoridated milk. The general aim of the present investigations was to investigate the concentration of fluoride obtained in saliva and dental plaque after ingestion of Fmilk and to explore the possible effects on the oral ecology. A series of controlled studies were performed in vivo in which samples of saliva and dental plaque were collected and analysed with respect to fluoride content, microbial composition and acidogenicity. An in vitro study evaluated the effect on enamel lesion formation. In paper I, significantly increased concentrations of fluoride (p<0.05) were disclosed in saliva 15 minutes after drinking the fluoride-containing water or milk. In the plaque samples however, the F-increase remained significantly elevated still after 2 hours. The availability of fluoride from milk was generally somewhat lower than from water but the differences were not statistically significant in either plaque or saliva. In paper II, the fluoride concentration in plaque was further explored after a single intake or habitual consumption of fluoridated milk together with a regular meal. The results showed that cariesinhibiting levels of fluoride persisted up to 4 hours after intake. There were no significant differences between the single intakes when compared with repeated intakes. In paper III, the influence of fluoridated milk on the salivary microorganisms associated with dental caries was evaluated. No significant alterations of the microflora were found compared with baseline. There was a slight reduction in the proportion of mutans streptococci after 2 and 4 weeks during consumption with fluoridated milk but the difference failed to reach statistical significance. In paper IV it was demonstrated that fluoridated milk significantly (p<0.05) could counteract the lactic acid formation in dental plaque as initiated with sucrose. In paper V, laser fluorescence technique was used to monitor the effect of fluoridated milk on enamel lesion formation in an experimental caries model. The results reinforced previous research and showed a hampering effect of fluoridated milk. No side effects were reported in any of the investigations. The findings of this thesis substantiate that milk is a suitable vehicle for fluoride administration and contribute to the understanding and possible explanations for the anti-caries properties of fluoridated milk. The main conclusions were: a) intake of fluoridated milk resulted in significantly elevated fluoride levels in saliva within the first 15 minutes and up to 4 hours in dental plaque when fluoridate milk was consumed together with meal, b) no significant alteration of the salivary microflora was disclosed after habitual intake of fluoridated milk but a delayed carbohydrate-mediated lactic acid formation in suspensions of dental plaque could be demonstrated, c) the fluoride concentrations in plaque were not negatively influence by the food intake, and d) the in vitro findings advocated that fluoride added to milk reduced enamel lesion formation as assessed by laser fluorescence technique in an experimental caries model.
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| 20. |
- Farmakis, F. V., et al.
(författare)
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Field-effect transistors with thin ZnO as active layer for gas sensor applications
- 2007
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Ingår i: Microelectronic Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-9317. ; 85:5-6, s. 1035-1038
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zinc oxide based field-effect devices prepared for gas sensing applications are studied. For this purpose, bottom-gate transistors were fabricated using Pd as source and drain interdigitated electrodes with gate lengths varying from 0.3 to 2 mu m. Thin (50 nm) zinc oxide films were grown with the aid of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at room temperature and served as active and sensing layer. AFM and XRD analysis demonstrated the polycrystalline nature of the c-axis oriented ZnO films with nanoscale grain size (20-40 nm) with relatively high average roughness. Electrical and gas sensing measurements from the above-mentioned devices are presented. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
- Fogelberg, M, et al.
(författare)
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Medicinens språk
- 2006
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Gustafsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Vad är god forskningssed? : Synpunkter, riktlinjer och exempel
- 2005
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Vad är god forskningssed? handlar om etiska aspekter i forskningen, och är tänkt att ge underlag för reflexion och diskussion. Den vänder sig till forskare inom alla forskningsområden, inte minst till forskarstuderande och deras handledare. Bakom skriften står tre forskare, professorerna Bengt Gustafsson, Göran Hermerén och Bo Petersson. Författarna för en grundläggande diskussion kring etiska principer som tillämpas i forskningen. De beskriver även gällande regelverk, och diskuterar uppförandepraxis som förekommer eller bör förekomma forskare emellan liksom mellan forskare och andra.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Hellström, Lina, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Physicians' attitudes towards ePrescribing : evaluation of a Swedish full-scale implementation
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6947. ; 9:August, s. Article number: 37-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The penetration rate of Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems in health care is increasing. However, many different EHR-systems are used with varying ePrescription designs and functionalities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate experienced ePrescribers' attitudes towards ePrescribing for suggesting improvements. METHODS: Physicians (n = 431) from seven out of the 21 Swedish health care regions, using one of the six most widely implemented EHR-systems with integrated electronic prescribing modules, were recruited from primary care centers and hospital clinics of internal medicine, orthopaedics and surgery. The physicians received a web survey that comprised eight questions on background data and 19 items covering attitudes towards ePrescribing. Forty-two percent (n = 199) of the physicians answered the questionnaire; 90% (n = 180) of the respondents met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. RESULTS: A majority of the respondents regarded their EHR-system easy to use in general (81%), and for the prescribing of drugs (88%). Most respondents believed they were able to provide the patients better service by ePrescribing (92%), and regarded ePrescriptions to be time saving (91%) and to be safer (83%), compared to handwritten prescriptions. Some of the most frequently reported weaknesses were: not clearly displayed price of drugs (43%), complicated drug choice (21%), and the perception that it was possible to handle more than one patient at a time when ePrescribing (13%). Moreover, 62% reported a lack of receipt from the pharmacy after successful transmission of an ePrescription. Although a majority (73%) of the physicians reported that they were always or often checking the ePrescription a last time before transmitting, 25% declared that they were seldom or never doing a last check. The respondents suggested a number of improvements, among others, to simplify the drug choice and the cancellation of ePrescriptions. CONCLUSION: The Swedish physicians in the group studied were generally satisfied with their specific EHR-system and with ePrescribing as such. However, identified weaknesses warrant improvements of the EHR-systems as well as of their implementation in the individual health care organisation.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Hovstadius, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Dispensed drugs and multiple medications in the Swedish population : an individual-based register study
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC Clinical Pharmacology. - London : BioMed Central Ltd. - 1472-6904. ; 9:May, s. Article number: 11-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUNDMultiple medications is a well-known potential risk factor in terms of patient's health. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of dispensed drugs and multiple medications in an entire national population, by using individual based data on dispensed drugs.METHODSAnalyses of all dispensed out-patient prescriptions in 2006 from the Swedish prescribed drug register. As a cut-off for multiple medications, we applied five or more different drugs dispensed (DP >or= 5) at Swedish pharmacies for a single individual during a 3-month, a 6-month, and a 12-month study period. For comparison, results were also calculated with certain drug groups excluded.RESULTS6.2 million individuals received at least one dispensed drug (DP >or= 1) during 12 months in 2006 corresponding to a prevalence of 67.4%; 75.6% for females and 59.3% for males. Individuals received on average 4.7 dispensed drugs per individual (median 3, Q1-Q3 2-6); females 5.0 (median 3, Q1-Q3 2-7), males 4.3 (median 3, Q1-Q3 1-6).The prevalence of multiple medications (DP >or= 5) was 24.4% for the entire population. The prevalence increased with age. For elderly 70-79, 80-89, and 90-years, the prevalence of DP >or= 5 was 62.4, 75.1, and 77.7% in the respective age groups. 82.8% of all individuals with DP >or= 1 and 64.9% of all individuals with DP >or= 5 were < 70 years. Multiple medications was more frequent for females (29.6%) than for males (19.2%). For individuals 10 to 39 years, DP >or= 5 was twice as common among females compared to males. Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system excluded, reduced the relative risk (RR) for females vs. males for DP >or= 5 from 1.5 to 1.4. The prevalence of DP >or= 1 increased from 45.1 to 56.2 and 67.4%, respectively, when the study period was 3, 6, and 12 respectively months and the corresponding prevalence of DP >or= 5 was 11.3, 17.2, and 24.4% respectively.CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of dispensed drugs and multiple medications were extensive in all age groups and were higher for females than for males. Multiple medications should be regarded as a risk in terms of potential drug-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions in all age groups.
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| 29. |
- Husted, Bjarne, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of PIV and PDA droplet velocity measurement techniques on two high-pressure water mist nozzles
- 2009
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Ingår i: Fire Safety Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0379-7112. ; 44:8, s. 1030-1045
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need for reliable measurement of droplet velocities and droplet size has increased with the more widespread use of water mist systems. Two optical measuring techniques have been investigated, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and phase Doppler anemometry (PDA). Measurements have been performed on two high-pressure nozzles, a hollow cone nozzle and a full cone nozzle. Both methods performed well close to the nozzle and further away from the nozzle. In the intermediate region the results obtained with PIV are biased against the larger droplets. The two methods complement each other, PIV giving the instantaneous velocity field and PDA giving both the droplet velocity and droplet size at a point. The measurement indicates that higher throw length can be archived with a full cone nozzle compared to the hollow cone nozzle, if both nozzles have the same cone angle and flow rate.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Johansson, Pauline, et al.
(författare)
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A mobile medicine decision support system for district nurses.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. - : IOS Press. - 9781607500247 ; , s. 516-520
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inappropriate use of medicines increases the risk of hospital admissions for the elderly. Not only does this lead to unnecessary suffering for the patients but also incurs a great financial cost to the society. A medicine decision support system in a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), with a barcode reader, can provide an overview of the patients' complete medicine use, and detect unsuitable drugs and drug combinations. Focusing on the elderly, our aim was to evaluate if a mobile medicine decision support system with a barcode reader is useful and user-friendly for nurses in home care. The participants received a comprehensive overview from the patients' medicine use and noted drug-drug interactions, therapeutic duplications and warnings for drugs unsuitable for elderly people. The nurses regarded that the decision support system increased prevention and safety, was useful and user-friendly. Our findings suggest that most of the content and functions were regarded as important. Therefore, this decision support system might be a useful tool for district nurses.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Johansson, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Return to work still possible after several years as a disability pensioner due to musculoskeletal disorders : A population-based study after a new legislation in Sweden permitting “Resting disability pension”
- 2006
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Ingår i: Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation. - 1875-9270 .- 1051-9815. ; 26:2, s. 147-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different strategies have been used to stimulate a return to work (RTW) among individuals suffering from long-term ailments. In Sweden a new law on "resting disability pension" permits disability pensioners to go back to work without jeopardising their benefits. In this study different variables related to RTW during 2000 by means of this legislation were identified among disability pensioners with musculoskeletal disorders. Individuals in the study group, when compared to a control group, had more often been disability pensioners for several years, had additional education, estimated their previous job to have been physically strenuous to a lesser degree, were more satisfied with the treatment at the social insurance office and had a more positive self-image. This study shows that it may be meaningful to continue/resume rehabilitation efforts and to try to motivate an individual suffering from musculoskeletal disorders to return to work even after several years as a disability pensioner.
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| 40. |
- Kitzing, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Dysphonia
- 2005
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dysphonia is a program about impaired voice quality or hoarseness (i.e. dysphonia) mainly due to organic diseases of the larynx. The program aims to facilitate student oriented learning regarding the management of dysphonic patients. The targeted use is for training of undergraduate medical and speech pathology students, postgraduate residents under continuous medical education in the Ear,Nose, and Throat (ent) discipline, and also others interested in ailments of the larynx or voice. The design of the program is such that no more than a basic knowledge of medicine in general, about anatomy and physiology of the larynx and about function of the voice is required. The program aims to facilitate learning of the management of in the first hand organic voice disorders.There are two download options. Use Dysphonia_ISO if you are using Windows 8 or later versions. If you are using Windows 7 or earlier, download Dysphonia_zip and unzip the archive to access the program.
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| 41. |
- Kjällstrand, Jennica, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Coniferyl alcohol from newsprint burning
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nordic pulp and paper journal. ; 15, s. 98-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coniferyl alcohol constitutes almost half of the amount of methoxyphenols in smoke from choked burning of newsprint produced from thermomechanical pulp. The results indicate that coniferyl alcohol is a key component not only in biosynthesis but also in thermal decomposition of lignin. The trans isomer was formed in 5-10 times larger amounts than the cis isomer. Coniferyl alcohol and the oxidised analogue coniferaldehyde were also shown to be the most prominent methoxyphenols in chimney smoke from stove burning of newsprint.
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| 42. |
- Kjällstrand, Jennica, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Methoxyphenols from burning of Scandinavian forest plant materials
- 2000
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. ; 41, s. 735-741
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semivolatile compounds in smoke from gram-scale incomplete burning of plant materials were assessed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Gas syringe sampling was shown to be adequate by comparison with adsorbent sampling. Methoxyphenols as well as 1,6-anhydroglucose were released in amounts as large as 10 mg kg(-1) of dry biomass at 90% combustion efficiency. Wood, twigs, bark and needles from the conifers Norway spruce and Scots pine emitted 12 reported 2-methoxyphenols in similar proportions. Grass, heather and birchwood released the same 2-methoxyphenols but also the corresponding 2,6-dimethoxyphenols which are characteristic of angiosperms. The methoxyphenols are formed from lignin and differ in structure by the group in para position relative to the phenolic OH group. Prominent phenols were those with trans-1-propenyl and ethenyl groups in that position. Vanillin, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, was a prominent carbonyl compound from the conifer materials.
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| 43. |
- Kjällstrand, Jennica, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Phenolic antioxidants in alder smoke during industrial meat curing
- 2001
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Ingår i: Food Chemistry. ; 74, s. 85-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alder wood smoke in a large sausage-curing chamber was analysed with regard to its content of methoxyphenol antioxidants. The use of Tenax adsorbent cartridges permitted simultaneous quantitative sampling of phenols condensed on smoke particles as well as gaseous compounds. The analytical determinations were performed by thermal desorption combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In addition to methoxyphenols, several other key components were assessed, including 1,6-anhydroglucose, 2-furaldehyde, furans and hydrocarbons. Benzene was the most prominent hydrocarbon. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic compounds were low, due to a low smoke generation temperature. Predominant smoke components were the 2,6-dimethoxyphenols, which are characteristic thermal degradation products from hardwood. The 2,6-dimethoxyphenols are stronger antioxidants than the 2-methoxyphenols present in lower amounts. The particularly active antioxidants with a 4-alkenyl side-chain constituted 20-30% of total methoxyphenols, which is much more than normally reported for liquid smoke. The phenolic antioxidants may be important not only for the preservation of foods, but also for health as dietary components.
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| 44. |
- Kjällstrand, Jennica, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Phenolic antioxidants in wood smoke
- 2001
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Ingår i: The science of the total environment. ; 277, s. 69-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ten prominent dimethoxyphenols were determined in birchwood smoke from choked and open laboratory burning and in chimney smoke from a tiled stove. The structures of the methoxyphenols are similar to those of the well-known tocopherol and ubiquinol antioxidants. The 2,6-dimethoxyphenols characterising hardwood smoke are stronger antioxidants than the corresponding 2-methoxyphenols present mainly in softwood smoke. The antioxidant activity is highest for the 2,6-dimethoxyphenols with 4-alkenyl and 4-alkyl groups, which constitute 60-70% of the total amount of dimethoxyphenols. Phenolic antioxidants are scavengers of oxygen radicals and should be considered when health hazards of small-scale incomplete biomass burning are estimated.
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| 45. |
- Kjällstrand, Jennica, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Phenols and aromatic hydrocarbons in chimney emissions from traditional and modern residential wood burning
- 2001
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Ingår i: Environmental Technology. ; 22, s. 391-395
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emissions from a traditional tiled stove consisted mainly of lignin-related methoxyphenols with antioxidant properties, and 1,6-anhydroglucose from cellulose degradation. A wood stove of presently introduced energy-efficient design for residential heating and hot-water supply was shown to emit small amounts of methoxyphenols and anhydrosugars from primary wood pyrolysis. Secondary harmful components like benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons constituted a major portion of the organic emissions. It is concluded that differences in smoke composition are essential to consider in recommendations and rules for proper choices of wood burning devices.
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| 46. |
- Lind, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced functional brain activity response in cognitively intact apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers
- 2006
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Ingår i: Brain. - : Oxford University Press. - 0006-8950 .- 1460-2156. ; 129:5, s. 1240-1248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The apolipoprotein E epsilon4 (APOE epsilon4) is the main known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Genetic assessments in combination with other diagnostic tools, such as neuroimaging, have the potential to facilitate early diagnosis. In this large-scale functional MRI (fMRI) study, we have contrasted 30 APOE epsilon4 carriers (age range: 49-74 years; 19 females), of which 10 were homozygous for the epsilon4 allele, and 30 non-carriers with regard to brain activity during a semantic categorization task. Test groups were closely matched for sex, age and education. Critically, both groups were cognitively intact and thus symptom-free of Alzheimer's disease. APOE epsilon4 carriers showed reduced task-related responses in the left inferior parietal cortex, and bilaterally in the anterior cingulate region. A dose-related response was observed in the parietal area such that diminution was most pronounced in homozygous compared with heterozygous carriers. In addition, contrasts of processing novel versus familiar items revealed an abnormal response in the right hippocampus in the APOE epsilon4 group, mainly expressed as diminished sensitivity to the relative novelty of stimuli. Collectively, these findings indicate that genetic risk translates into reduced functional brain activity, in regions pertinent to Alzheimer's disease, well before alterations can be detected at the behavioural level.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Lindquist, Anna M, et al.
(författare)
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The use of the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) among personnel and students in health care : a review
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : Journal of medical internet research. - 1438-8871. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Health care personnel need access to updated information anywhere and at any time, and a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) has the potential to meet these requirements. A PDA is a mobile tool which has been employed widely for various purposes in health care practice, and the level of its use is expected to increase. Loaded with suitable functions and software applications, a PDA might qualify as the tool that personnel and students in health care need. In Sweden today, despite its leadership role in mobile technologies, PDAs are not commonly used, and there is a lack of suitable functions and software applications.OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present review was to obtain an overview of existing research on the use of PDAs among personnel and students in health care.METHODS: The literature search included original peer-reviewed research articles written in English and published from 1996 to 2008. All study designs were considered for inclusion. We excluded reviews and studies focusing on the use of PDAs in classroom situations. From March 2006 to the last update in May 2008, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, IngentaConnect, and a local search engine (ELIN@Kalmar). We conducted a content analysis, using Nielsen's Model of System Acceptability as a theoretical framework in structuring and presenting the results.RESULTS: From the 900 references initially screened, 172 articles were selected and critically assessed until 48 articles remained. The majority originated in North-America (USA: n=24, Canada: n=11). The categories which emerged from our content analysis coincided to a certain extent to Nielsen's Model of System Acceptability (social and practical acceptability), including usefulness (utility and usability) subcategories such as learnability, efficiency, errors, and satisfaction. The studies showed that health care personnel and students used PDAs in patient care with varied frequency. Most of the users were physicians. There is some evidence that the use of a PDA in health care settings might improve decision-making, reduce the numbers of medical errors, and enhance learning for both students and professionals, but the evidence is not strong, with most studies being descriptive, and only 6 randomized controlled trials. Several special software programs have been created and tested for PDAs, and a wide range of situations for their use have been reported for different patient groups. Drug and medical information were commonly accessed by PDA users, and the PDA was often viewed as the preferred tool when compared to paper-based documents. Some users regarded the PDA easy to operate, while others found it difficult in the beginning.CONCLUSIONS: This overview of the use of PDAs revealed a positive attitude towards the PDA, which was regarded as a feasible and convenient tool. The possibility of immediate access to medical information has the potential to improve patient care. The PDA seems to be a valuable tool for personnel and students in health care, but there is a need for further intervention studies, randomized controlled trials, action research, and studies with various health care groups in order to identify its appropriate functions and software applications.
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| 50. |
- Milbrink, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of nutrient enrichment on the condition and size-structure of an alpine brown trout population
- 2008
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Ingår i: Environmental Biology of Fishes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0378-1909 .- 1573-5133. ; 81:2, s. 157-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term effects of nutrient enrichment on a population of brown trout inhabiting a small, alpine lake in north-central Sweden have been studied for nearly 20 years. The study took place between 1981 and 1999 starting up between 1982 and 1987 with full nutrient enrichment of phosphorus and nitrogen in a ratio by weight of 1:8, followed by a period of reduction by half between 1988 and 1994, and thereafter no enrichment at all. Growth of the brown trout population was low before the application of nutrients. Fertilization promoted the development of zooplankton in great abundance, which gave rise to abundant food for the trout. Already during the first year of nutrient addition the average 4+ and 5+ fish had increased in weight by nearly 50% and in length by about 30%. Maximum growth was reached 5-6 years later-weight by about 175% and length by about 50% higher than before application. The slope of the growth curves for fish of ages 2+ to 5+ increased significantly from 1981 to 1987, and so did the size-variation with a high proportion of the fish reaching larger size. After each change in nutrient treatment the mean weights of 5-6-year-old trout were maintained for about 3 years. Five years after termination of fertilization growth was nearly back to the original state. Although badly needed, long-term studies of fish populations like this are few in the literature.
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