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- Petruson, Karin, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Nitric oxide production in the sphenoidal sinus by the inducible and constitutive isozymes of nitric oxide synthase
- 2005
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Ingår i: Rhinology. - 0300-0729. ; 43:1, s. 18-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the production of nitric oxide (NO), and the presence of different isoforms of the NO-synthesising enzyme, NO-synthase (NOS), in the paranasal sinus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients, undergoing surgery for pituitary adenoma, were examined for the presence of NO gas in the sphenoidal and maxillary sinus. The distribution of different NOS isozymes in mucosal biopsies from sphenoid and maxillary sinus and ethmoidal cells was studied. RESULTS: The mean concentration of NO was 2575 ppb in the sphenoidal sinus and 6792 ppb in the maxillary sinus. Morphological analyses revealed intense NADPH-diaphorase staining throughout the epithelium. Immunoreactivity against NOS2 (inducible NOS) was observed in the apical cell layer but not of the basal layer. NOS1 (neuronal NOS)-immunoreactivity was mainly seen in the subapical part of the epithelium and NOS3 (endothelial NOS)-immunoreactivity was observed only in the most apical part of the epithelium. CONCLUSION: NO concentration in the sphenoidal sinus is about the same as in the nasal cavity and approximately half of the concentration found in the maxillary sinus. All of the three main different isozymes of NOS can be demonstrated in the mucosa of the sphenoidal and maxillary sinus and ethmoidal cells, NOS2 being the most abundant isoform.
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| 3. |
- Romlin, Birgitta S, et al.
(författare)
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Moderate superficial hypothermia prolongs bleeding time in humans.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 51:2, s. 198-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that mild systemic hypothermia influences platelet adhesion and aggregation and coagulation reactions. We wanted to test the hypothesis that mild local hypothermia in healthy volunteers with preserved core temperature increased bleeding time. A secondary aim was to evaluate if local cooling influenced whole blood coagulation measured by thrombelastograph (TEG) in the same setting. METHODS: Bleeding time was measured at the left volar forearm at a baseline skin temperature of 32 degrees C and after cooling to 30 degrees C and 28 degrees C in a water bath. Skin temperature was continuously measured by contact thermistors. Measurements of coagulation by TEG were performed at baseline skin temperature before cooling and after cooling to 28 degrees C skin temperature. Tympanic membrane temperature was continuously measured. RESULTS: Compared with baseline, bleeding time was significantly prolonged at 30 degrees C skin temperature and further prolonged at 28 degrees C skin temperature. No significant differences were measured in any of the TEG parameters. During the procedure, tympanic membrane temperature did not change. CONCLUSION: Lowering the skin temperature from 32 degrees C to 30 degrees C and 28 degrees C with a preserved core temperature more than doubled the bleeding time. Whole blood coagulation measured by TEG was not influenced by the local cooling. In addition to core temperature, local temperature may offer information in understanding the surgical site of bleeding.
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