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| 5. |
- Axelsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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The genetic consequences of dog breed formation-Accumulation of deleterious genetic variation and fixation of mutations associated with myxomatous mitral valve disease in cavalier King Charles spaniels
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 17:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selective breeding for desirable traits in strictly controlled populations has generated an extraordinary diversity in canine morphology and behaviour, but has also led to loss of genetic variation and random entrapment of disease alleles. As a consequence, specific diseases are now prevalent in certain breeds, but whether the recent breeding practice led to an overall increase in genetic load remains unclear. Here we generate whole genome sequencing (WGS) data from 20 dogs per breed from eight breeds and document a similar to 10% rise in the number of derived alleles per genome at evolutionarily conserved sites in the heavily bottlenecked cavalier King Charles spaniel breed (cKCs) relative to in most breeds studied here. Our finding represents the first clear indication of a relative increase in levels of deleterious genetic variation in a specific breed, arguing that recent breeding practices probably were associated with an accumulation of genetic load in dogs. We then use the WGS data to identify candidate risk alleles for the most common cause for veterinary care in cKCs-the heart disease myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). We verify a potential link to MMVD for candidate variants near the heart specific NEBL gene in a dachshund population and show that two of the NEBL candidate variants have regulatory potential in heartderived cell lines and are associated with reduced NEBL isoform nebulette expression in papillary muscle (but not in mitral valve, nor in left ventricular wall). Alleles linked to reduced nebulette expression may hence predispose cKCs and other breeds to MMVD via loss of papillary muscle integrity.
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| 6. |
- Clausson, Eva K., et al.
(författare)
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Standardiserade hälsoplaner : ett stöd för skolsköterskans dokumentation?
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Standardiserade hälsoplaner utifrån omvårdnadsprocessen kan underlätta skolsköterskans dokumentation och tydliggöra vilka åtgärder som bör vidtas samt uppföljningar. Det kan även spara tid på kort och lång sikt. Revidering av standardhälsoplanerna behöver göras på en årlig basis utifrån evidensbaserad forskning.
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| 7. |
- Deirmina, Faraz, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of boron on the stress-rupture behavior of an additively manufactured Hastelloy X
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 863
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of minor additions of boron and the as-built (AB) microstructure on stress-rupture behavior of a modified crack-free Hastelloy X fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) was investigated. Isothermal stress rupture tests were performed at 816 degrees C under a static tensile load of 103 MPa. Micro-void formation in the vicinity of carbide precipitates and their coalescence was only observed at chevron-like high-angle grain boundaries, characteristic of L-PBF process. These grain boundaries, laying on the planes with maximum resolved shear stress with respect to the loading direction, directly governed the intergranular crack propagation. In view of the fracture mechanism and the time to rupture, increasing boron content significantly improves timeto-rupture through a diffusion-controlled mechanism by hindering the carbon diffusion to the grain boundaries. Adequate additions of boron (>10 ppm) guarantee the stress-rupture properties (strength) of the AB components without the need for additional post-thermal treatments. Further increase in boron content (i.e., 30 ppm), led to about five times increase in time to rupture (500 h vs. 110 h), and significantly improved creep elongation (30% vs. 9%) compared with the low boron alloy.
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| 8. |
- Dello, Nishte, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Antioxidant rA1M on Expression of Apoptosis and Oxidative-Stress-Related Genes during 177Lu-Octreotate Treatment of GOT1 Neuroendocrine Tumours
- 2021
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Ingår i: 5th European Radiation Protection Week. Book of Abstracts. Vienna, Austria, 2021, 22-25 November, p. 58.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kidney radiotoxicity during targeted radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-octreotate in patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) limits the administered activity and thereby the therapeutic response. Reducing renal side effects of radiation could allow for higher activity amounts and better tumour control, increasing the cure rate. Co-treatment with the human recombinant antioxidant α1– microglobulin (rA1M) protects against short and long-termed radiation-induced renal damage in mice treated with 177Lu-octreotate. Furthermore, co-treatment with rA1M does not affect the therapeutic effects on tumour volume in human NET GOT1-bearing mice. Purpose: The aim of this work was to investigate transcriptional regulation of genes related to apoptosis and oxidative stress in GOT1 tumours in mice at one and seven days after administration of rA1M and after treatment with 177Lu-octreotate with or without co-administration with rA1M. Methods: Adult female Balb/c mice with s.c. GOT1 tumours were i.v. injected with either 177Luoctreotate (30 MBq, n=6), rA1M (5mg/kg, n=6) or co-treatment with both (n=6). A control group was sham-treated with NaCl (n=4). RNA was extracted from tumours sampled at one or seven days after injection. Gene expression of 84 apoptosis and 84 oxidative stress-related genes were evaluated using RNA array plates and RT-qPCR. Results: RT-qPCR analysis showed higher and similar expression of apoptotic genes in the irradiated groups than rA1M administration alone on day one after injection. Corresponding result after seven days was similar but less prominent. The most affected pro-and anti-apoptotic genes were GADD45A, TNFRS10B, FADD, FAS, CASP4,6,3, BAX and BAG3, BIRC2, BIRC3, BIRC5, XIAP, NAIP, BCL2L10, BCL2L2, IGF-1R, IL-10, CFLAR, respectively. Overall, most oxidative stress genes were not significantly regulated. APOE, DUOX1, HMOX and FOXM1 were some of the most regulated genes in the oxidative stress array. The results were more similar between the irradiated groups than those in the A1M group. CYBG and MB, related to oxygen transportation, were significantly upregulated after 177Lu-octreotate and coadministration, but not after rA1M alone. Conclusions: The transcriptional regulation of the analyzed apoptosis-related genes may suggest a similar apoptotic response in irradiated and co-treated groups compared to administration of rA1M alone. Antioxidant genes were generally downregulated, indicating that antioxidant defense mechanisms were less prioritized in damaged cells.
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| 9. |
- Engjom, Hilde, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 in pregnancy—characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women admitted to hospital because of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Nordic countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 100:9, s. 1611-1619
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Population-based studies about the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) in pregnancy are few and have limited generalizability to the Nordic population and healthcare systems. Material and methods: This study examines pregnant women with COVID-19 in the five Nordic countries. Pregnant women were included if they were admitted to hospital between 1 March and 30 June 2020 and had a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test ≤14 days prior to admission. Cause of admission was classified as obstetric or COVID-19-related. Results: In the study areas, 214 pregnant women with a positive test were admitted to hospital, of which 56 women required hospital care due to COVID-19. The risk of admission due to COVID-19 was 0.4/1000 deliveries in Denmark, Finland and Norway, and 3.8/1000 deliveries in the Swedish regions. Women hospitalized because of COVID-19 were more frequently obese (p < 0.001) and had a migrant background (p < 0.001) compared with the total population of women who delivered in 2018. Twelve women (21.4%) needed intensive care. Among the 56 women admitted due to COVID-19, 48 women delivered 51 infants. Preterm delivery (n = 12, 25%, p < 0.001) and cesarean delivery (n = 21, 43.8%, p < 0.001) were more frequent in women with COVID-19 compared with women who delivered in 2018. No maternal deaths, stillbirths or neonatal deaths were reported. Conclusions: The risk of admission due to COVID-19 disease in pregnancy was low in the Nordic countries. A fifth of the women required intensive care and we observed higher rates of preterm and cesarean deliveries. National public health policies appear to have had an impact on the risk of admission due to severe COVID-19 disease in pregnancy. Nordic collaboration is important in collecting robust data and assessing rare outcomes.
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| 10. |
- Erngren, Ida, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of sampling and storage conditions on the metabolite profile of the marine sponge Geodia barretti
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Chemistry. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2646. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geodia barretti is a marine sponge common in the north Atlantic and waters outside of Norway and Sweden. The sampling and subsequent treatment as well as storage of sponges for metabolomics analyses can be performed in different ways, the most commonly used being freezing (directly upon collection or later) or by storage in solvent, commonly ethanol, followed by freeze-drying. In this study we therefore investigated different sampling protocols and their effects on the detected metabolite profiles in LC-MS. Sponges (G. barretti) were collected outside the Swedish west coast and pieces from three sponge specimens were either flash frozen in liquid nitrogen, frozen later after the collection cruise, stored in ethanol or stored in methanol. The storage solvents as well as the actual sponge pieces were analyzed, all samples were analyzed with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) as well as reversed phase liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in positive and negative ionization mode. The data were evaluated using multivariate data analysis. The highest metabolite intensities were found in the frozen samples (flash frozen and frozen after sampling cruise) as well as in the storage solvents (methanol and ethanol). Metabolites extracted from the sponge pieces that had been stored in solvent were found in very low intensity, since the majority of metabolites were extracted to the solvents to a high degree. The exception being larger peptides and some lipids. The lowest variation between replicates were found in the flash frozen samples. In conclusion, the preferred method for sampling of sponges for metabolomics was found to be immediate freezing in liquid nitrogen. However, freezing the sponge samples after some time proved to be a reliable method as well, albeit with higher variation between the replicates. Thus, the study highlights the importance of saving ethanol extracts after preservation of specimens; these valuable extracts could be further used in studies of natural products, chemosystematics or metabolomics.
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| 11. |
- Gambardell, Maria Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying Cleartext in Historical Ciphers
- 2022
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Ingår i: <em>Proceedings of the Workshop on Language Technologies for Historical and Ancient Languages</em>. LT4HALA 2022.. - 9791095546788
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In historical encrypted sources we can find encrypted text sequences, also called ciphertext, as well as non-encrypted cleartexts written in a known language. While most of the cryptanalysis focuses on the decryption of ciphertext, cleartext is often overlooked although it can give us important clues about the historical interpretation and contextualisation of the manuscript. In this paper, we investigate to what extent we can automatically distinguish cleartext from ciphertext in historical ciphers and to what extent we are able to identify its language. The problem is challenging as cleartext sequences in ciphers are often short, up to a few words, in different languages due to historical code-switching. To identify the sequences and the language(s), we chose a rule-based approach and run 7 different models using historical language models on various ciphertexts.
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| 12. |
- Hosseinian, Aida, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of sewage sludge treatment: Comparison of pyrolysis with traditional methods in two Swedish municipalities
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To achieve a closed nutrient cycle and more sustainable food production, enhanced nutrient recycling in the agri-food system is a necessity. Pyrolysis is an emerging technology to recycle the nutrient content of sewage sludge. The produced biochar can be used to reduce the need for mineral fertilizers; in addition, pyrolysis can also handle potential pollutants such as microplastics and pathogens present in sewage sludge. In this research, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out to determine the environmental impact of sewage sludge pyrolysis as an alternative to current practices of two different cases of sewage sludge treatment in two municipalities in Sweden. The results indicated that avoiding mineral fertilizer production by using biochar has a significant influence on the environmental benefits. Furthermore, it showed that an integrated system of anaerobic digestion followed by pyrolysis could perform as the most environmental-friendly option for sewage sludge treatment with a lower risk of transferring pollution to the soil.
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| 13. |
- Hosseinian, Aida, et al.
(författare)
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Phosphorus recovery methods from secondary resources, assessment of overall benefits and barriers with focus on the Nordic countries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management. - : Springer. - 1438-4957 .- 1611-8227.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphorus (P) recovery and recycling play a crucial role in improving resource efficiency, sustainable nutrient management and moving toward circular economy. Increasing demand for fertilizers, signs of geopolitical constraints, and high discharge of P to waterbodies are the other reasons to pursue the circularity of P. Various research have been carrying out and several processes have been developed for P-recovery from different resources. However, there is still a huge unexplored potential for P-recovery specially in the regional framework from the four main P-rich waste resources: food waste, manure, mining waste, and sewage sludge. This study reviews recovery methods of P from these secondary resources comprehensively. Additionally, it analyzes the Nordic viewpoint of P-cycle by evaluating Nordic reserves, demands, and secondary resources to gain a systematic assessment of how Nordic countries could move toward circular economy of P. Results of this study show that secondary resources of P in Nordic countries have the potential of replacing mineral fertilizer in these countries to a considerable extent. However, to overcome the challenges of P-recovery from studied resources, policymakers and researchers need to take decisions and make innovation along each other to open the new possibilities for Nordic economy.
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| 14. |
- Hubková, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Czech Historical Named Entity Corpus v 1.0
- 2020
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Ingår i: 12th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2020). - Paris : European Language Resources Association. - 9791095546344 ; , s. 4458-4465
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the number of digitized archival documents increases very rapidly, named entity recognition (NER) in historical documents has become very important for information extraction and data mining. For this task an annotated corpus is needed, which has up to now been missing for Czech. In this paper we present a new annotated data collection for historical NER, composed of Czech historical newspapers. This corpus is freely available for research purposes at http://chnec.kiv.zcu.cz/. For this corpus, we have defined relevant domain-specific named entity types and created an annotation manual for corpus labelling. We further conducted some experiments on this corpus using recurrent neural networks in order to in order to show baseline results on this dataset. We experimented with randomly initialized embeddings and static and dynamic fastText word embeddings. We achieved 0.73 F1 score with a bidirectional LSTM model using static fastText embeddings.
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| 15. |
- Landby, Emma, 1991-
(författare)
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Family, disability and (im)mobility : geographies of families with wheelchair-using children with cerebral palsy
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mobility is important in shaping people’s lives and experiences through places visited and social interactions with other people. In families with children, mobilities are usually complex and include negotiations between various family members, affecting how they move about in time-space. While children in general often are dependent on parental support in relation to transport, children with disabilities tend to be even more reliant on their parents, not least because they are highly car dependent due to social and environmental barriers associated with other transport modes. This implies that not only disabled children, but also other family members, could be affected by disability related mobility constraints. This thesis focuses especially on mobilities of Swedish families with wheelchair-using children with cerebral palsy. Based on interviews, time-use diaries and a survey, I explore how disabling barriers affect families’ daily and tourism mobilities. I use a time-geographical framework, especially focusing on projects and constraints. My findings show that these families experience many constraints on mobilities and numerous negotiations and adaptations need to be done to enable mobility for all family members. Oftentimes, it is the disabled child’s mobility that is prioritised, which in everyday life often is related to an increased number of trips (e.g. appointments with physiotherapists, doctors and other authorities involved in healthcare) as well as longer distances travelled to reach accessible (pre)schools and leisure activities. Parents are often accompanying their children, which limits the time available for the parents’ own mobilities, impinges on their geographical reach and affect their possibilities on the labour market. A solution to improve opportunities for (independent) daily mobility for all family members is to have personal assistance in combination with special transport services for the disabled child, which are part of the Swedish support system. For tourism mobility, families often travel together and disabling barriers affect how and where they can travel. My findings show that these families have a limited set of tourism destinations that they can travel to. Disabling barriers on tourism mobility can be negotiated by leaving the disabled child at home or going on separate trips. This opens up mobility opportunities for the non-disabled family members, but can put further limitations on the mobility of the disabled child.
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| 16. |
- Larsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Pan-cancer analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data reveals the prognostic relevance of human proteasome genes in different cancer types.
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human proteasome gene family (PSM) consists of 49 genes that play a crucial role in cancer proteostasis. However, little is known about the effect of PSM gene expression and genetic alterations on clinical outcome in different cancer forms.Here, we performed a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of genetic alterations in PSM genes and the subsequent prognostic value of PSM expression using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) containing over 10,000 samples representing up to 33 different cancer types. External validation was performed using a breast cancer cohort and KM plotter with four cancer types.The PSM genetic alteration frequency was high in certain cancer types (e.g. 67%; esophageal adenocarcinoma), with DNA amplification being most common. Compared with normal tissue, most PSM genes were predominantly overexpressed in cancer. Survival analysis also established a relationship with PSM gene expression and adverse clinical outcome, where PSMA1 and PSMD11 expression were linked to more unfavorable prognosis in≥30% of cancer types for both overall survival (OS) and relapse-free interval (PFI). Interestingly, PSMB5 gene expression was associated with OS (36%) and PFI (27%), and OS for PSMD2 (42%), especially when overexpressed.These findings indicate that several PSM genes may potentially be prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for different cancer forms.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Lindqvist, Ellinor, et al.
(författare)
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Low-Resource Techniques for Analysing the Rhetorical Structure of Swedish Historical Petitions
- 2023
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Ingår i: <em>RESOURCEFUL 2023 - Workshop on Resources and Representations for Under-Resourced Languages and Domains, Proceedings of the 2nd</em>. - : Association for Computational Linguistics. ; , s. 132-139
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural language processing techniques can be valuable for improving and facilitating historical research. This is also true for the analysis of petitions, a source which has been relatively little used in historical research. However, limited data resources pose challenges for mainstream natural language processing approaches based on machine learning. In this paper, we explore methods for automatically segmenting petitions according to their rhetorical structure. We find that the use of rules, word embeddings, and especially keywords can give promising results for this task.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Lindqvist, Ellinor, et al.
(författare)
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To the Most Gracious Highness, from Your Humble Servant : Analysing Swedish 18th Century Petitions Using Text Classification
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th Joint SIGHUM Workshop on Computational Linguistics for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, Humanities and Literature. ; , s. 53-64
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Petitions are a rich historical source, yet they have been relatively little used in historical research. In this paper, we aim to analyse Swedish texts from around the 18th century, and petitions in particular, using automatic means of text classification. We also test how text pre-processing and different feature representations affect the result, and we examine feature importance for our main class of interest – petitions. Our experiments show that the statistical algorithms NB, RF, SVM, and kNN are indeed very able to classify different genres of historical text. Further, we find that normalisation has a positive impact on classification, and that content words are particularly informative for the traditional models. A fine-tuned BERT model, fed with normalised data, outperforms all other classification experiments with a macro average F1 score at 98.8. However, using less computationally expensive methods, including feature representation with word2vec, fastText embeddings or even TF-IDF values, with a SVM classifier also show good results for both unnormalised and normalised data. In the feature importance analysis, where we obtain the features most decisive for the classification models, we find highly relevant characteristics of the petitions, namely words expressing signs of someone inferior addressing someone superior.
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| 21. |
- Lindstrand, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Genome sequencing is a sensitive first-line test to diagnose individuals with intellectual disability
- 2022
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Ingår i: Genetics in Medicine. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1098-3600 .- 1530-0366. ; 24:11, s. 2296-2307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and/or neurodevelopment disorders (NDDs) are currently investigated with several different approaches in clinical genetic diagnostics. Methods: We compared the results from 3 diagnostic pipelines in patients with ID/NDD: genome sequencing (GS) first (N = 100), GS as a secondary test (N = 129), or chromosomal microarray (CMA) with or without FMR1 analysis (N = 421). Results: The diagnostic yield was 35% (GS -first), 26% (GS as a secondary test), and 11% (CMA/FMR1). Notably, the age of diagnosis was delayed by 1 year when GS was performed as a secondary test and the cost per diagnosed individual was 36% lower with GS first than with CMA/FMR1. Furthermore, 91% of those with a negative result after CMA/FMR1 analysis (338 individuals) have not yet been referred for additional genetic testing and remain undiagnosed. Conclusion: Our findings strongly suggest that genome analysis outperforms other testing strategies and should replace traditional CMA and FMR1 analysis as a first-line genetic test in individuals with ID/NDD. GS is a sensitive, time-and cost-effective method that results in a confirmed molecular diagnosis in 35% of all referred patients. (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 22. |
- Lundqvist, Eva, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Volar Locking Plate Compared With Combined Plating of AO Type C Distal Radius Fractures : A Randomized Controlled Study of 150 Cases
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Hand Surgery-American Volume. - : Elsevier. - 0363-5023 .- 1531-6564. ; 47:9, s. 813-822
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The optimal way to stabilize intra-articular distal radius fractures is unclear despite recent advances in surgical management. Volar plating is the most common treatment but may not be sufficient for more complex intra-articular AO type C fractures. The purpose of this randomized controlled study was to evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes following surgical treatment of AO type C distal radius fractures, comparing volar with combined plating.METHODS: In this study, 150 patients were randomized to volar locking plate (n = 75) or combined plating (n = 75) following a distal radius fracture AO type C. The 1-year follow-up included radiographic outcome (Batra score), visual analog scale pain score, hand grip strength, wrist range of motion, Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation score, and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score.RESULTS: Overall, 147 patients (median age 61 years) completed the 1-year follow-up (73 patients with volar plate and 74 with combined plating). No difference was found in radiographic outcome between the treatment groups. The volar plate group had significantly better Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation scores, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores, hand grip strength, visual analog scale scores during activity, and flexion, extension, ulnar and radial deviation than the combined plate group. Hardware removal was performed in 10% in the volar plate group and in 31% in the combined plate group. There was no postoperative infection in the volar plate group but 3 cases in the combined plate group.CONCLUSIONS: In patients with complex AO type C intra-articular fractures, volar and combined plating yielded the same radiographic result. The differences in Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores between the groups did not reach the thresholds for minimal clinically important differences, suggesting similar clinical outcome. The combined plating group had a considerably higher frequency of hardware removal and postoperative infections.TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic I.
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| 23. |
- Lyttkens, Linda
(författare)
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Health Related Quality of Life in patients with screening detected Sub-Aneurysmal aorta and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective Paper I: Most screening and opportunistically detected abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are small and kept under surveillance for several years before preventive surgery. Living with the diagnosis of an AAA may have an influence on the patient’s life. The aim was to review systematically review the current knowledge of the effect on health related quality of life (HRQoL) and patients’ experiences of living with an AAA while under surveillance.Paper II: To investigate HRQoL and comorbidity in men with screening detected AAA, Sub-Aneurysmal aorta (SAA) and Controls at baseline screening and after long-term follow-up.Methods Paper I: A systematic literature review of quantitative and qualitative studies, which were quality assessed according to the GRADE system, was carried out. PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE were searched. Narrative synthesis and meta-analysis were performed and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.Paper II: Between 2006 and 2015, 16 689 sixty-five-year old men participated in the aortic screening program in the county of Uppsala in Sweden. All 539 men diagnosed with an SAA or AAA were invited to participate in the study UpAAA and 324 accepted. Baseline questionnaires was distributed after screening, and at 5-year follow-up. For each year a control group of approx. 50 men, participating in the screening program with normal aorta, were included. ResultsPaper I: Synthesis and meta-analyses of studies based on the Short Form-36 demonstrated that patients with an AAA consistently rated their general health lower than controls and conveyed no significant negative impact for patients with an AAA when assessed at follow up and compared with pre-screening. Analysis of HRQoL estimates of mental health, anxiety, and depression demonstrated no significant differences for patients with AAA compared with controls, or within the AAA group. Qualitative studies revealed that patients with an AAA felt safe being under surveillance and receiving a diagnosis of AAA set thoughts and feelings in motion regarding health, ageing, and mortality. Patients’ lack of knowledge about the disease, its progression, and future planning can cause insecurity and worries.Paper II: AAA and SAA group both has impairment in the physical dimensions of HRQOL and a higher prevalence of co-morbidity at baseline, compared to controls. At 5-year follow-up, the similarities between AAA and SAA group remained with no difference in HRQOL but a higher prevalence of CVD, hypertension and diabetes in men with AAA. Compared with controls both AAA and SAA had significantly higher impairment in HRQoL, and prevalence of co-morbidity and the AAA group was most affected.
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| 24. |
- Marschall, Gosia, 1979-
(författare)
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Reconceptualising teacher self-efficacy in relation to teacher identity : A longitudinal phenomenological study of pre-service secondary mathematics teachers during initial teacher education.
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This research involves a conceptual investigation of teacher self-efficacy and its appraisal by focusing on how five pre-service secondary mathematics teachers make meaning of their experiences in the process of their development. Recognising methodological limitations of previous studies in the area, this one-year longitudinal study uses abduction and interpretative phenomenological analysis of qualitative data collected from participants’ written weekly reflections, planning documents, lesson observations and interviews. This research shows that teacher self-efficacy is a domain-specific, task-oriented aspect of a more general narrative self-schema—while driven by an agentic goal pursuit and based on cognitive processing of information from enactive, affective, vicarious and social experiences, the teacher self-efficacy appraisal process also attends to aspects of the individual’s past, present and future selves, all of which are incorporated in an ongoing transformation of self as a competent teacher in a narrative continuity. This means that teacher self-efficacy appraisal is much more closely connected to the development of professional identity than has been previously acknowledged. The study contributes to the existing field of teacher self-efficacy by going beyond the well-established four self-efficacy sources framework and extends our understanding of the complexity of the teacher self-efficacy concept and its development. Consequently, it proposes an iterative, narrative model of teacher self-efficacy development—one which is centred in the meaning-making process and which extends other models prevalent in the literature. The new way of conceptualising teacher self-efficacy in this study helps address the previously narrow treatment of teacher self-efficacy, helps explain the contradictions related to changes in teacher self-efficacy and its stability, and has significant implications for conceptualising and understanding teacher professional learning.
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| 25. |
- Megyesi, Beáta, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Decryption of historical manuscripts: the DECRYPT project
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cryptologia. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0161-1194 .- 1558-1586. ; 44:6, s. 545-559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many historians and linguists are working individually and in an uncoordinated fashion on the identification and decryption of historical ciphers. This is a time-consuming process as they often work without access to automatic methods and processes that can accelerate the decipherment. At the same time, computer scientists and cryptologists are developing algorithms to decrypt various cipher types without having access to a large number of original ciphertexts. In this paper, we describe the DECRYPT project aiming at the creation of resources and tools for historical cryptology by bringing the expertise of various disciplines together for collecting data, exchanging methods for faster progress to transcribe, decrypt and contextualize historical encrypted manuscripts. We present our goals and work-in progress of a general approach for analyzing historical encrypted manuscripts using standardized methods and a new set of state-of-the-art tools. We release the data and tools as open-source hoping that all mentioned disciplines would benefit and contribute to the research infrastructure of historical cryptology.
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| 26. |
- Mihalič, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Conservation of Affinity Rather Than Sequence Underlies a Dynamic Evolution of the Motif-Mediated p53/MDM2 Interaction in Ray-Finned Fishes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Molecular biology and evolution. - : Oxford University Press. - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 41:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transcription factor and cell cycle regulator p53 is marked for degradation by the ubiquitin ligase MDM2. The interaction between these 2 proteins is mediated by a conserved binding motif in the disordered p53 transactivation domain (p53TAD) and the folded SWIB domain in MDM2. The conserved motif in p53TAD from zebrafish displays a 20-fold weaker interaction with MDM2, compared to the interaction in human and chicken. To investigate this apparent difference, we tracked the molecular evolution of the p53TAD/MDM2 interaction among ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii), the largest vertebrate clade. Intriguingly, phylogenetic analyses, ancestral sequence reconstructions, and binding experiments showed that different loss-of-affinity changes in the canonical binding motif within p53TAD have occurred repeatedly and convergently in different fish lineages, resulting in relatively low extant affinities (KD = 0.5 to 5 mu M). However, for 11 different fish p53TAD/MDM2 interactions, nonconserved regions flanking the canonical motif increased the affinity 4- to 73-fold to be on par with the human interaction. Our findings suggest that compensating changes at conserved and nonconserved positions within the motif, as well as in flanking regions of low conservation, underlie a stabilizing selection of "functional affinity" in the p53TAD/MDM2 interaction. Such interplay complicates bioinformatic prediction of binding and calls for experimental validation. Motif-mediated protein-protein interactions involving short binding motifs and folded interaction domains are very common across multicellular life. It is likely that the evolution of affinity in motif-mediated interactions often involves an interplay between specific interactions made by conserved motif residues and nonspecific interactions by nonconserved disordered regions.
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| 27. |
- Mikhaylova, Tatiana, 1981-
(författare)
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Shifting Shadows : Private Tutoring and the Formation of Education in Imperial, Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation aims to provide a genealogy of the relations between the public and the private in education. It does so by the exploring how public education and private tutoring form and transform each other and why they are seen as legitimate or problematic in different historical and cultural contexts. Drawing on curriculum theory and Foucault’s genealogical approach to history, the study examines how private tutoring has been problematised in Imperial, Soviet and post-Soviet Russia and discusses how these problematisations reflect and shape the dominant visions of education. The results show that norms and values in relation to which private education has been problematised and addressed in Russia have varied in line with nationalist, communist and neoliberal visions of education. Although most questions, such as tutor competence, individual privilege, inequality, ethics, governance, and ideological conformity, have constantly been in the focus of critical reflection, they were ‘answered’ differently in different historical periods. Others, such as spatial inequality and ethical concern for corrupt tutoring practices, are of more recent origin. In contrast to previous research into shadow education, the study argues that the mimicking character of supplementary tutoring is not its natural feature. Rather, in the Russian case, it is the result of constant problematisation and the corresponding regulation of its conformity with what is regarded as ‘sacred’ national values.In general, private tutoring in Russia has often been treated as a ‘symptom’ of other educational and societal problems, and addressed indirectly, through reforms in public education. Paradoxically, in fighting against undesirable effects of private tutoring, Russian schools had to adopt some of the traits commonly associated with just that industry, namely individualisation, exam drills, and the promotion of private and positional good. Conversely, changes in the structure, content, pedagogy, or assessment procedures in the mainstream system have provoked considerable changes in tutoring practices, which, however, are not limited to imitation and supplementation. The study concludes that this symbiotic relationship cannot be reduced to imitation, reproduction, or supplementation. Rather, it changes like shifting shadows reflecting and ultimately shaping the dominant perceptions of what education is and ought to be.
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| 28. |
- Nethander, Maria, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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An atlas of genetic determinants of forearm fracture.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 55:11, s. 1820-1830
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osteoporotic fracture is among the most common and costly of diseases. While reasonably heritable, its genetic determinants have remained elusive. Forearm fractures are the most common clinically recognized osteoporotic fractures with a relatively high heritability. To establish an atlas of the genetic determinants of forearm fractures, we performed genome-wide association analyses including 100,026 forearm fracture cases. We identified 43 loci, including 26 new fracture loci. Although most fracture loci associated with bone mineral density, we also identified loci that primarily regulate bone quality parameters. Functional studies of one such locus, at TAC4, revealed that Tac4-/- mice have reduced mechanical bone strength. The strongest forearm fracture signal, at WNT16, displayed remarkable bone-site-specificity with no association with hip fractures. Tall stature and low body mass index were identified as new causal risk factors for fractures. The insights from this atlas may improve fracture prediction and enable therapeutic development to prevent fractures.
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| 29. |
- Nordenström, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Redispersion Strategies for Dried Cellulose Nanofibrils
- 2021
-
Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 9:33, s. 11003-11010
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential for large-scale applications of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) is limited by the high water content of the starting material, which leads to high transportation costs and undesirable environmental impact. However, drying of CNFs results in loss of their nanoscopic dimensions leading to deterioration of their unique inherent mechanical properties. Herein, thorough redispersion studies of both fundamental and applied nature have been conducted in order to evaluate the effect of charge, redispersing agent, and drying method. Freeze-dried CNF dispersions were successfully redispersed by either increasing the charge density or adding redispersing agents. The greatest effect on redispersibility was achieved with fractionated LignoBoost lignin as redispersing agent, and this is attributed to steric repulsion during water removal and reduced CNF adhesion. Furthermore, the results unexpectedly show that redispersion is easier when the CNFs are dried in the form of nanopapers. By using this approach, excellent redispersibility was achieved even without a redispersing agent. Nanopapers formed from the redispersed CNFs was found to have essentially the same mechanical properties as those made from never-dried CNFs. Hence, this work suggests solutions for making CNFs viable for large-scale application while maintaining their nanoscale dimensions and their ability to create nanopapers with excellent mechanical properties.
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| 30. |
- Nordin, Jessika, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Protective HLA-A With HLA-B∗27 Positive Ankylosing Spondylitis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Genetics. - Lausanne, Switzerland : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-8021. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To further elucidate the role of the MHC in ankylosing spondylitis by typing 17 genes, searching for HLA-B∗27 independent associations and assessing the impact of sex on this male biased disease.Methods: High-confidence two-field resolution genotyping was performed on 310 cases and 2196 controls using an n-1 concordance method. Protein-coding variants were called from next-generation sequencing reads using up to four software programs and the consensus result recorded. Logistic regression tests were applied to the dataset as a whole, and also in stratified sets based on sex or HLA-B∗27 status. The amino acids driving association were also examined.Results: Twenty-five HLA protein-coding variants were significantly associated to disease in the population. Three novel protective associations were found in a HLA-B∗27 positive population, HLA-A∗24:02 (OR = 0.4, CI = 0.2–0.7), and HLA-A amino acids Leu95 and Gln156. We identified a key set of seven loci that were common to both sexes, and robust to change in sample size. Stratifying by sex uncovered three novel risk variants restricted to the female population (HLA-DQA1∗04.01, -DQB1∗04:02, -DRB1∗08:01; OR = 2.4–3.1). We also uncovered a set of neutral variants in the female population, which in turn conferred strong effects in the male set, highlighting how population composition can lead to the masking of true associations.Conclusion: Population stratification allowed for a nuanced investigation into the tightly linked MHC region, revealing novel HLA-B∗27 signals as well as replicating previous HLA-B∗27 dependent results. This dissection of signals may help to elucidate sex biased disease predisposition and clinical progression.
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| 31. |
- Nygren, Åse, et al.
(författare)
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Does Previous Experience with Online Platforms Matter? A Survey about Online Learning across Study Programs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Education Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2227-7102. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic effect on society, including teaching within higher education that was forced to adapt to online teaching. Research on this phenomenon has looked at pedagogical methods as well as student perceptions of this way of teaching. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have looked at the wider perspective, within the entire student populous of a university, what students’ perceptions are and how these correlate with the students’ previous experiences and habits with online platforms, e.g., online streaming or social media. In this study, we perform a questionnaire survey with 431 responses with students from 20 programs at Blekinge Institute of technology. The survey responses are analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis to draw its conclusions. Results show that there is no correlation between previous habits and student experience with online platforms in relation to online learning. Instead, other factors, e.g., teacher engagement, is found central for student learning and therefore important to consider for future research and development of online teaching methodologies. © 2023 by the authors.
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| 32. |
- Pettersson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Piloting and watch over in the end-of-life care of intensive care unit patients with COVID-19—A qualitative study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nursing in Critical Care. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1362-1017 .- 1478-5153.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, intensive care units (ICUs) were under heavy pressure, with a significantly increased number of severely ill patients. Hospitals introduced restrictions, and families could not visit their ill and dying family members. Patients were cared for without privacy, and several died in shared patient rooms, leaving the intensive care nurse to protect the patient's need for loving care in a vulnerable situation at the end of life.Aims: This study aimed to investigate how piloting and watch over were revealed in end-of-life care for patients with COVID-19 in intensive care COVID-19.Study Design: A qualitative study was conducted with an abductive approach was conducted. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews to cover the research area while allowing the informant to talk freely about the topic; 11 informants were interviewed.Results: The findings are presented based on four categories: The road to the decision, End-of-life care, Farewell of close family members and Closure. Each category and subcategory reveal how piloting and watch over were addressed in the end-of-life care of patients with COVID-19 in the ICU during the pandemic. Overall findings indicated that workload and organization of care directly affect the quality of care given, the acceptance of privacy and the possibility of dignified end-of-life care.Conclusions: Workload directly affects the quality of care, risking dehumanization of the patient. Visiting restrictions hindered supporting family members through the various piloting phases. Visiting restrictions also forced the ICU nurses to take on the role of the relative in watching over the patient.Relevance to Clinical Practice: Collaboration with family members is essential for the intensive care nurse to be able to provide a person-centred and dignified end-of-life care.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Pettersson, Eva, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish Diachronic Corpus
- 2022
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Ingår i: CLARIN. - Berlin; Boston : Walter de Gruyter. - 2751-1278. - 9783110767346 - 9783110767377 ; , s. 561-585
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The recently compiled Swedish Diachronic Corpus offers access to a total of approximately 16 billion words, covering texts from the 13th century onwards. The corpus contains 14 main genres, with a number of subgenres, compiled from a wide range of sources, including corpus providers and libraries as well as individual researchers and private citizens. All texts in the corpus follow a consistent format, are extensively annotated with metadata, and freely available for download. We firmly believe that the existence of a Swedish diachronic corpus among the resources offered by CLARIN will open up avenues to new, interesting research questions within humanities research, and be a valuable resource for large-scale studies of the Swedish language throughout history - studies that have previously been impossible to conduct in a thorough and consistent manner. Thanks to its embedding in the CLARIN context it also carries the potential to enable broad historical studies from a comparative European perspective.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Pettersson, Miriam, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Home phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia in neonates : an unblinded multicentre randomised controlled trial
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Örebro University's Nobel Day Festivities. - 9789187789922
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether home phototherapy is a safe alternative to hospital treatment.Method: This was a randomised controlled, multicentre, trial in which term newborns with a total serum bilirubin of 300-400 μmol/ were randomized to either home phototherapy or conventional in-hospital phototherapy.The outcome measurements were parent-infant bonding, stress and measurements of safety and feasibility. A descriptive qualitative study based on interviews was performed as well as a health economic analysis.Result: 147 patients were recruited from 6 hospitals, Results showed no difference between groups in the safety and feasibility outcomes. Parents in the intervention group had better scores on bonding and lower levels of stress. The interviews showed that parents felt secure at home. The cost per patient was €337 for home phototherapy compared with €1156 for the hospital alternative indicating average cost savings of €819 or 71% per patient.Conclusion: Home phototherapy can be considered a safe and feasible alternative to hospital care for well selected patients. It improves bonding and stress for parents and reduces health care costs. Since the first publication from this study was published home phototherapy is now recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics as an alternative to hospital care for patients with uncomplicated hyperbilirubinemia.
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| 40. |
- Pettersson, Miriam, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Home phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia in term neonates : an unblinded multicentre randomized controlled trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pediatrics. - : Springer. - 0340-6199 .- 1432-1076. ; 180:5, s. 1603-1610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess whether home phototherapy was feasible and safe in a cohort of otherwise healthy term-born neonates who fulfilled the criteria for in-hospital phototherapy. This was a randomized controlled trial in which term newborns with a total serum bilirubin of 18–24 mg/dL (300–400 μmol) were randomized to either home phototherapy or conventional in-hospital phototherapy. The primary outcome measurements were safety and efficacy, length of stay and the number of failed treatments. The secondary outcomes were the number of blood samples and weight gain during treatment. One hundred forty-seven patients were recruited, 69 patients randomized to conventional phototherapy and 78 to home phototherapy. The results showed that no patients needed blood exchange and only 4% of the patients allocated to home phototherapy were admitted to the hospital. The duration of phototherapy, length of stay, amount of blood tests and weight change showed no statically significant differences.Conclusion: Home phototherapy could be a safe alternative to inpatient phototherapy for otherwise healthy newborns with hyperbilirubinemia if daily checkups and 24/7 telephone support can be provided. The parents should be informed to contact the hospital immediately if they fail to perform the treatment at home.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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Praktiknära pedagogisk forskning i det lärande nordiska nätverket Gemensamma Vägar : en antologi
- 2021
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- I den här boken presenteras olika forsknings- och utvecklingsprojekt om lärande, lärmiljöer, profession och digitalisering inom det utbildningsvetenskapliga fältet. Boken ger en mångfasetterad bild av vad, hur och varför forskning och utvecklingsarbete är essentiellt för att skapa ny kunskap och fördjupad förståelse för hur förskolan, skola och utbildning kan utvecklas, men också hur forskning och beprövad erfarenhet behöver förenas. Vi som varit engagerade i bokens tillkomst kommer från Sverige, Norge eller Finland men gemensamt är arbete inom skola/förskola och utbildning på olika sätt. Flera av kapitlen har ett särskilt fokus på specialpedagogiska frågor vilket är en av de saker som genom åren fört oss samman under konferensen Gemensamma Vägar, vars syfte är att deltagarna skall få tillgång till forskning och pedagogisk kompetens som finns vid de nordligaste universiteten i Sverige, Norge och Finland. Vi hoppas och tror att boken blir värdefull för dig som är lärare, forskare, eller student och som intresserar dig för att bidra till arbetet att utveckla skola och undervisning.
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| 43. |
- Rassol, Nishte, et al.
(författare)
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Co-administration with A1M does not influence apoptotic response of 177Lu-octreotate in GOT1 neuroendocrine tumors
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recombinant α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a proposed radioprotector during 177Lu-octreotate therapy of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). To ensure a maintained therapeutic effect, we previously demonstrated that A1M does not affect the 177Lu-octreotate induced decrease in GOT1 tumor volume. However, the underlying biological events of these findings are still unknown. The aim of this work was to examine the regulation of apoptosis-related genes in GOT1 tumors short-time after i.v. administration of 177Lu-octreotate with and without A1M or A1M alone. Human GOT1 tumor-bearing mice received 30 MBq 177Lu-octreotate or 5 mg/kg A1M or co-treatment with both. Animals were sacrificed after 1 or 7 days. Gene expression analysis of apoptosis-related genes in GOT1 tissue was performed with RT-PCR. In general, similar expression patterns of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes were found after 177Lu-octreotate exposure with or without co-administration of A1M. The highest regulated genes in both irradiated groups compared to untreated controls were FAS and TNFSFRS10B. Administration of A1M alone only resulted in significantly regulated genes after 7 days. Co-administration of A1M did not negatively affect the transcriptional apoptotic response of 177Lu-octreotate in GOT1 tumors.
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| 44. |
- Romiani, Arman, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of 177Lu-octreotate and 177Lu-octreotide for treatment in human neuroblastoma-bearing mice
- 2024
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - 2405-8440. ; 10:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) have a 5-year event-free survival of less than 50 %, and novel and improved treatment options are needed. Radiolabeled somatostatin analogs (SSTAs) could be a treatment option. The aims of this work were to compare the biodistribution and the therapeutic effects of 177Lu-octreotate and 177Lu-octreotide in mice bearing the human CLB-BAR NB cell line, and to evaluate their regulatory effects on apoptosis-related genes. Methods: The biodistribution of 177Lu-octreotide in mice bearing CLB-BAR tumors was studied at 1, 24, and 168 h after administration, and the absorbed dose was estimated to tumor and normal tissues. Further, animals were administered different amounts of 177Lu-octreotate or 177Lu-octreotide. Tumor volume was measured over time and compared to a control group given saline. RNA was extracted from tumors, and the expression of 84 selected genes involved in apoptosis was quantified with qPCR. Results: The activity concentration was generally lower in most tissues for 177Lu-octreotide compared to 177Lu-octreotate. Mean absorbed dose per administered activity to tumor after injection of 1.5 MBq and 15 MBq was 0.74 and 0.03 Gy/MBq for 177Lu-octreotide and 2.9 and 0.45 Gy/MBq for 177Lu-octreotate, respectively. 177Lu-octreotide treatment resulted in statistically significant differences compared to controls. Fractionated administration led to a higher survival fraction than after a single administration. The pro-apoptotic genes TNSFS8, TNSFS10, and TRADD were regulated after administration with 177Lu-octreotate. Treatment with 177Lu-octreotide yielded regulation of the pro-apoptotic genes CASP5 and TRADD, and of the anti-apoptotic gene IL10 as well as the apoptosis-related gene TNF. Conclusion: 177Lu-octreotide gave somewhat better anti-tumor effects than 177Lu-octreotate. The similar effect observed in the treated groups with 177Lu-octreotate suggests saturation of the somatostatin receptors. Pronounced anti-tumor effects following fractionated administration merited receptor saturation as an explanation. The gene expression analyses suggest apoptosis activation through the extrinsic pathway for both radiopharmaceuticals.
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| 45. |
- Romiani, Arman, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Synergistic antitumor effects of Lorlatinib and 177Lu-octreotide combination treatment in a high-risk neuroblastoma xenograft mouse model
- 2024
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Ingår i: Therapeutics. - 2813-9909. ; 1:1, s. 4-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objectives: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood cancer with heterogeneous characteristics, posing challenges to effective treatment. NBs express somatostatin receptors that facilitate the use of somatostatin analogs (SSTAs) as tumor-seeking agents for diagnosis and therapy. High-risk (HR) NBs often have gain-of-function mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Despite intensive multimodal treatment, survival rates remain below 40% for children with HR-NB. The aim of this work was to investigate the combined effect of the SSTA 177Lu-octreotide with the ALK inhibitor lorlatinib. Methods: Mice bearing human HR-NB CLB-BAR tumors were treated with lorlatinib, 177Lu-octreotide, and a combination of these pharmaceuticals or saline (control). Tumor volume was monitored and tumor samples were evaluated for cleaved caspase-3 and expression of 84 human genes involved in apoptosis. Results: Combination treatment with 177Lu-octreotide and lorlatinib demonstrated synergistic antitumor effects. An increased number of cleaved caspase 3-positive cells was observed in tumors from mice treated with 177Lu-octreotide alone and in combination with lorlatinib. Modulation of Bcl-2 family gene expression was observed only in the presence of both 177Lu-octreotide and lorlatinib, with BID down-regulated and HRK upregulated on days 2 and 7, respectively. Conclusions: The data suggest that ALK signaling pathway inhibition may contribute to radiosensitization in radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-octreotide and could improve treatment outcomes in patients with HR-NB.
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| 46. |
- Sawatzky, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of preparedness for recovery following colorectal cancer surgery: a latent class trajectory analysis.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 62:12, s. 1625-1634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With an interest in providing knowledge for person-centred care, our overall goal is to contribute a greater understanding of diversity among patients in terms of their preparedness before and up to six months after colorectal cancer surgery. Our aim was to describe and provide a tentative explanation for differences in preparedness trajectory profiles.The study was explorative and used prospective longitudinal data from a previously published intervention study evaluating person-centred information and communication. The project was conducted at three hospitals in Sweden. Patient-reported outcomes measures, including the Longitudinal Preparedness for Colorectal Cancer Surgery Questionnaire, were collected before surgery, at discharge, and four to six weeks, three months, and six months after surgery. Clinical data were retrospectively obtained from patients' medical records. We used latent class growth models (LCGMs) to identify latent classes that distinguish subgroups of patients who represent different preparedness trajectory profiles. To determine the most plausible number of latent classes, we considered statistical information about model fit and clinical practice relevance. We used multivariable regression models to identify variables that explain the latent classes.The sample (N=488) comprised people with a mean age of 68years (SD = 11) of which 44% were women. Regarding diagnoses, 60% had colon cancer and 40% rectal cancer. The LCGMs identified six latent classes with different preparedness for surgery and recovery trajectories. The latent classes were predominantly explained by differences in age, sex, physical classification based on comorbidities, treatment hospital, global health status, distress, and sense of coherence (comprehensibility and meaningfulness).Contrary to the received view that emphasizes standardized care practices, our results point to the need for adding person-centred and tailored approaches that consider individual differences in how patients are prepared before and during the recovery period related to colorectal cancer surgery.
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| 47. |
- Sjöström, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Mandibular resection in patients with head and neck cancer : acute and long-term complications after reconstruction
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 142:1, s. 78-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The treatment of head and neck cancer is an intensive multimodal treatment that has a great impact on the individual patient.Aims/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate acute and long-term complications associated with mandibular resections and reconstructions.Material and Methods: We retrospectively retrieved data on complications and recurrences among patients that underwent mandibular resections and reconstructions for treating oral cavity cancer (n = 190 patients) and osteoradionecrosis (ORN, n = 72). Reconstructions included composite grafts (n = 177), soft tissue flaps (n = 61), or primary closure without any graft (n = 24).Results: Forty-two patients that underwent reconstructions with composite grafts displayed serious complications (Clavien–Dindo ≥ IIIa). The complication rates were similar between patients treated for oral cavity cancer and patients treated for ORN. Patients that underwent a primary closure without any graft, had a significantly lower risk of complications compared to patients that underwent the other treatments. After hospitalization, 181 patients (69%) had at least one complication.Conclusions: A majority of patients undergoing resection and reconstruction due to oral cancer/ORN suffered from postoperative complications regardless of indication, comorbidity status or reconstruction technique. The risk of Clavien–Dindo grade IIIa–V events was significantly lower for patients treated with primary closure without grafts. Significance: The results from this study clarifies the importance of in-depth analyse prior to decision of treatment for patients with head and neck cancer.
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| 48. |
- Svensson, Eva, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Från resurskolonisation till regional arbetsdelning
- 2022
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Ingår i: Om arkeologi i Värmland. - Karlstad : Värmlands Museum. - 9789185224951
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I denna artikel summeras resultaten från drygt trettio års tvärvetenskaplig forskning om de värmländska skogsområdenas historia från Kristi födelse till tidig modern tid. Vi ger också vissa nationella och internationella utblickar för att sätta utvecklingen i de värmländska skogsområdena i sitt sammanhang. Även om det finns spår av bosättning och mänsklig verksamhet från stenålder och framåt kan vi konstatera att det sker en kvalitativ och kvantitativ förändring under äldre järnålder och framåt. Vid denna tid blev norra Värmland föremål för resurskolonisation i jakten på lukrativa varor efterfrågade av samhällets elit. Parallellt skedde en bebyggelseetablering som kännetecknades av ett innovationspaket innefattande gård, säter och utmarksbruk. Under vikingatid och medeltid ägde en kraftig expansion och specialisering av den lokala ekonomin i norra Klarälvdalen rum, då bönderna satsade hårt på produktion av blästerjärn och älgrelaterade produkter för avsalu på en extern marknad. När marknaden vek för dessa varor runt 1200 e Kr ställde bönderna om till en ekonomi mer inriktad mot sädesodling och boskapsskötsel. I skogsområdena längre söderut etablerade man ett system med större balans mellan inägo- och utmarksproduktion, samt ett system med fler avyttringssfärer. Utmarksbaserad varuproduktion bedrevs i mindre skala och utfördes delvis som intern arbetsdelning i bygden och delvis för avsalu på en extern marknad. Detta system var inte lika sårbart när marknaden förändrades. Däremot var dessa områden mer sårbara för den senmedeltida agrarkrisens effekter från 1300-talets mitt, då flera ödelagda bebyggelseenheter har kunnat spåras. Norra Klarälvdalen förefaller klara denna kris bättre. Under senmedeltid och särskilt under tidig modern tid expanderade ekonomi, befolkning och bebyggelse åter i de värmländska skogsbygderna. Det kraftigt växande bergsbruket och dess efterfrågan på olika förnödenheter, liksom senare etablering av bruk i Värmland, gav nya möjligheter att producera varor för avsalu.
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| 49. |
- Svensson, Eva, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Moving up the Hill? : Peasant Strategies in Times of Plague and Climate Change
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Migration History. - : Brill Academic Publishers. - 2351-9916 .- 2351-9924. ; 8:2, s. 313-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Late Medieval Agrarian Crisis is associated with a desertion of rural settlements. Farmsteads in agriculturally-marginal locations are presumed to have been among the first to be deserted. In recent decades, interdisciplinary research has instead shown several examples of increased agrarian activity, including cereal cultivation, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries in forested upland areas of boreal inland Scandinavia. Farmsteads and hamlets established in forested upland areas in the fourteenth century have also been discovered. The recent excavation of one such farmstead, Ivarsbråten, shows that both settlement and agrarian production at the site had been adapted to the new climatic conditions of the Little Ice Age, which involved colder and wetter weather. It is here suggested that micro-mobility, moving out of a hamlet to an upland position, was a climate adaptation strategy pursued by a small number of peasants.
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