| 1. |
- Andersson, L-O, et al.
(author)
-
A new neutron beam facility
- 2004
-
In: Proc. of the 9th European Particle Accelerator Conference.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Amnell, T, et al.
(author)
-
Now, Next, and Future
- 2001
-
In: Modelling and Verification of Parallel Processes (MOVEP'2k), Nantes, France June 19 to 23, 2000. LNCS Tutorial 2067.. ; , s. 100-125
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Lindholm, Carl-Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Sinus rhythm maintenance following DC cardioversion of atrial fibrillation is not improved by temporary precardioversion treatment with oral verapamil.
- 2004
-
In: Heart (British Cardiac Society). - : BMJ. - 1468-201X. ; 90:5, s. 8-534
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prospectively the effects of pretreatment with verapamil on the maintenance of sinus rhythm after direct current (DC) cardioversion. DESIGN: Randomised, active control, open label, parallel group comparison of verapamil versus digoxin. SETTINGS: Multicentre study in three teaching and three non-teaching hospitals in Sweden. PATIENTS: 100 consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) of at least four weeks' duration and indications for cardioversion were assigned randomly to two groups, one treated with verapamil (verapamil group) and the other with digoxin (digoxin group) before cardioversion. Fifty patients were assigned randomly to each treatment arm. After dropout of four patients from the digoxin group and seven patients from the verapamil group, data obtained from 89 patients were analysed. INTERVENTIONS: After randomly assigned pretreatment with either verapamil or digoxin for four weeks, DC cardioversion was performed. If sinus rhythm was restored then verapamil treatment was discontinued. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The rate of AF recurrence was assessed one, four, eight, and 12 weeks after cardioversion. RESULTS: 6 patients in the verapamil treated group and none in the digoxin treated group reverted to sinus rhythm spontaneously (p < 0.05). DC cardioversion restored sinus rhythm in 24 of 37 (65%) patients in the verapamil group and 41 of 46 patients (89%) in the digoxin group (p < 0.05). After 12 weeks' follow up 28% (13 of 46) of digoxin pretreated patients versus 9% (four of 43) of verapamil pretreated patients remained in sinus rhythm (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with verapamil alone does not improve maintenance of sinus rhythm after DC cardioversion in patients with AF. The rate of spontaneous cardioversion may be improved by verapamil.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Aasmundtveit, K.E., et al.
(author)
-
Structural anisotropy of poly(alkylthiophene) films
- 2000
-
In: Macromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0024-9297 .- 1520-5835. ; 33:8, s. 3120-3127
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The structural anisotropy of various poly(alkylthiophene) films have been studied by X-ray diffraction, using both conventional methods and synchrotron radiation at grazing incidence. Solution-cast films orient with the side chains preferably normal to the film surface, whereas spin-cast films of nonstereoregular material orient with both the main and the side chains in the film plane. For thick (10-50 µm) solution-cast films, the degree of orientation depends strongly on the solvent used for casting, and on the stereoregularity of the polymer, films of stereoregular materials being more oriented than those of nonregular materials. The most oriented nonregular films are those cast from mixtures of chloroform and tetrahydrofuran. Thin (50-500 nm) solution-cast films are more oriented than the thicker ones, and the effects of different stereoregularity or different casting solvents are small. For spin-cast films, the degree of orientation is independent of substrate and solvent. Spin-cast films of stereoregular material have two different phases: One with the side chains normal to the substrate, and another where they are parallel to the substrate. The diffraction peaks of spin-cast poly(octylthiophene) narrow considerably upon heating.
|
|
| 10. |
- Alfven, T, et al.
(author)
-
Low-level cadmium exposure and osteoporosis
- 2000
-
In: Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431. ; 15:8, s. 1579-1586
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Becker, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
-
Clinical value of human glandular kallikrein 2 and free and total prostate-specific antigen in serum from a population of men with prostate-specific antigen levels 3.0 ng/mL or greater
- 2000
-
In: Urology. - 1527-9995. ; 55:5, s. 694-699
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical value of human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) compared with free (f) and total (t) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the early detection of prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: In PCa screening conducted in 1995 to 1996 in Goteborg, Sweden, 5853 of 9811 randomly selected men (aged 50 to 66 years; median 61) accepted PSA testing; those with tPSA levels of 3. 0 ng/mL or greater were offered digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasound, and sextant biopsies. Serum from 604 of 611 biopsied men (18% with positive digital rectal examinations, tPSA range 3.0 to 220 ng/mL, 144 men with PCa) was analyzed for hK2 (research assay) and tPSA and fPSA (Prostatus). Sera were stored at -20 degrees C for a maximum of 2 weeks for tPSA and fPSA and 3 years for hK2. RESULTS: hK2 levels and hK2 x tPSA/fPSA values were significantly elevated in men with PCa. Receiver operating characteristic data revealed that the area under the curve for hK2 x tPSA/fPSA was significantly greater than that for tPSA and greater, but not significantly greater, than that for percent fPSA. Also, the cancer-detecting sensitivity was significantly improved (P <0.05) using hK2 x tPSA/fPSA compared with tPSA and percent fPSA at specificity levels of 75% to 90%. At 75% specificity, a sensitivity of 74% was obtained compared with 64% or 54% using percent fPSA or tPSA; at 90% specificity, the corresponding sensitivity level was 55%, 41%, and 36%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Discrimination of men with and without PCa in a randomly selected population was improved by measuring hK2 in addition to tPSA and fPSA.
|
|
| 14. |
- Becker, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
-
Discrimination of men with prostate cancer from those with benign disease by measurements of human glandular kallikrein 2 (HK2) in serum
- 2000
-
In: Journal of Urology. - 1527-3792. ; 163:1, s. 311-316
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical value of measuring human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) compared with free and total prostate specific antigen (PSA-F and PSA-T) in serum from patients with prostate disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum from healthy controls, from men with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa), and advanced PCa were analyzed for hK2 (using an in-house-research assay with detection limit of 0.05 ng./mL and <0.1% cross-reaction with PSA) and for PSA-F and PSA-T (using the Dual Prostatus assay from EG&G Wallac). RESULTS: HK2 concentrations were <0.05 ng./mL in 50/50 healthy volunteers but significantly higher (p <0.0001) and > or =0.05 ng./mL in 28/54 (52%) patients with BPH. In comparison to these men, the hK2 levels were significantly higher (p <0.0001, median 0.085 ng./mL) and > or =0.05 ng./mL in 100/136 (74%) men with clinically localized PCa. Compared with localized PCa, the hK2 levels were significantly higher (p <0.0001, median 0.57 ng./mL) and > or =0.05 ng./mL in 55/57 (96%) patients with advanced PCa. The median hK2 levels ranged from 1.3 to 1.6% of those of PSA-T in all three patient groups, whereas percent hK2/PSA-F and hK2 x PSA-T/PSA-F levels were significantly higher in cancer patients compared with those with BPH. In the discrimination of clinically localized PCa from BPH, hK2 x PSA-T/PSA-F gave the largest area under the receiver operating curve (AUC = 0.81) and significantly (p = 0.025) larger AUC than PSA-T alone (0.70). Further, at 95% sensitivity there was significant gain in specificity, and at specificity levels of 90 to 95% there was significant gain in sensitivity using the measurements of PSA-T+PSA-F+hK2 compared with analysis of PSA-T and/or percent free PSA. CONCLUSIONS: Discrimination of patients with benign prostate disease from those with prostate cancer was significantly enhanced using measurements of hK2 in addition to those of PSA-T and PSA-F. Percent hK2/PSA-F was higher in PCa than in BPH, a phenomena not yet understood.
|
|
| 15. |
- Becker, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
-
Sensitive and specific immunodetection of human glandular kallikrein 2 in serum
- 2000
-
In: Clinical Chemistry. - 0009-9147. ; 46:2, s. 198-206
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) is expressed in the prostate and is present in serum from men with prostate cancer. Specific detection in serum is difficult mainly because of low concentrations and immunological cross-reactivity with prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Our objectives were to design an assay with improved analytical detection and functional sensitivity and nonsignificant cross-reactivity with PSA, and to characterize different immunoreactive forms of hK2. METHODS: In the assay, critical PSA epitopes were blocked with four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for PSA. Subsequently, hK2 was captured using a MAb against hK2 (5% cross-reactivity with PSA), and after washing, hK2 was detected by a europium-labeled MAb with identical affinity for hK2 and PSA. RESULTS: The analytical detection limit was <10 ng/L, and functional sensitivity was 30 ng/L. Cross-reaction with PSA was <0.01%. Between-assay imprecision was 3.1% for 1600 ng/L hK2 and 4. 8% for 160 ng/L hK2; corresponding values for within-assay precision were 1.9% and 4.5%, respectively. Complexes of hK2-alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin (ACT) were detected in vitro with -6% bias compared with the free form of hK2. Gel filtration of patient samples showed that hK2 correlated in size mainly with free hK2; only 4-19% corresponded to hK2 possibly complexed with ACT or protein C inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: Our assay had extremely low cross-reactivity with PSA, provided a very low detection limit, and allowed close to equimolar detection of the free and complexed forms of hK2. Moreover, we found that free hK2 is the predominant immunoreactive form of hK2 in serum.
|
|
| 16. |
- Behrmann, G, et al.
(author)
-
Efficient Guiding Towards Cost-Optimality in UPPAAL
- 2001
-
In: 7th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS'01). Genova, Italy, April 2 to 6, 2001. LNCS 2031. ; , s. 174-188
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 17. |
- Behrmann, G, et al.
(author)
-
Minimum-Cost Reachability for Priced Timed Automata
- 2001
-
In: 4th International Workwhop on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control (HSCC'01). Rome, Italy, March 28 to 30, 2001. LNCS 2034. ; , s. 147-161
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Edwards, MOM, et al.
(author)
-
'Electric-paint displays' with carbon counter electrodes
- 2001
-
In: ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0013-4686. ; 46:13-14, s. 2187-2193
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 'Electric-paint displays' are electrochromic displays with dyed nanostructured metal-oxide electrodes, e.g. viologen-derivatized nanostructured titanium dioxide electrodes. Such displays are particularly promising for applications with low switch frequenc
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Edwards, M. O. M., et al.
(author)
-
'Electric-paint displays' with carbon counter electrodes
- 2001
-
In: Electrochimica Acta. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 46:13-14, s. 2187-2193
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 'Electric-paint displays' are electrochromic displays with dyed nanostructured metal-oxide electrodes, e.g. viologen-derivatized nanostructured titanium dioxide electrodes. Such displays are particularly promising for applications with low switch frequency, large segment areas, and high demands on colours, background brightness, and large viewing-angles. The concept is simple and well suited for inexpensive industrial production methods. We present blue-on-white electric-paint displays with porous carbon counter electrodes. The initial results with laboratory prototypes are promising. The switch time is about 1/2 s and the reflectance in the bleached state is as high as 40-55% in the visible region. Furthermore, the display prototypes sustain more than 100 000 switching cycles without severe degradation. The results from spectroelectrochemical measurements on the assembled displays are presented.
|
|
| 25. |
- Granlund, T, et al.
(author)
-
Determination of the emission zone in a single-layer polymer light-emitting diode through optical measurements
- 2001
-
In: Journal of Applied Physics. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 89:11, s. 5897-5902
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study the emission zone in a single-layer polymer light-emitting diode. The emission zone is found by studying the angular distribution of the electroluminescence. The emission is modeled by accounting for optical interference. We account for birefringence of the anode layer in our model. The active polymer was, however, found to be isotropic. The anode consists of a single-layer of the conducting polymer complex poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS), with enhanced conductivity. As a cathode we use plain aluminum. By using only PEDOT-PSS we avoid having a thin metal layer or indium-tin-oxide as the anode in the path of the escaping light. The active material is a substituted polythiophene with excellent film forming properties. A comparison between the experimental and calculated angular distribution of light emission from a single-layered polymer light-emitting diode was shown to be in good agreement for the spectral region studied. By assuming a distribution of the emission zone, we deduce the position as well as the width of the zone. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics.
|
|
| 26. |
- Granlund, T, et al.
(author)
-
Luminescence probing of crystallization in a polymer film
- 2000
-
In: Journal of Applied Physics. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 87:12, s. 8549-8556
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report studies of a thin film multilayer stack including a highly emissive substituted polythiophene, poly[3-(2,5-dioctylphenyl)thiophene]. Analysis of the photoluminescence spectra revealed an inhomogeneous polymer film. X-ray diffraction studies attribute the existence of an inhomogeneous film as originating from crystallization of the polymer. We used the interference effect of light to detect the region of crystallization in the film. Photoluminescence and absorption were redshifted upon crystallization and displayed an enhanced vibronic structure. Comparison between calculated and measured photoluminescence shows that the crystallization starts from the top of the film and not from the supporting substrate. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021- 8979(00)08112-3].
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Hallberg, B. M., et al.
(author)
-
A new scaffold for binding haem in the cytochrome domain of the extracellular flavocytochrome cellobiose dehydrogenase
- 2000
-
In: Structure. - 0969-2126 .- 1878-4186. ; 8:1, s. 79-88
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The fungal oxidoreductase cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) degrades both lignin and cellulose, and is the only known extracellular flavocytochrome. This haemoflavoenzyme has a multidomain organisation with a b-type cytochrome domain linked to a large flavodehydrogenase domain. The two domains can be separated proteolytically to yield a functional cytochrome and a flavodehydrogenase. Here, we report the crystal structure of the cytochrome domain of CDH. Results: The crystal structure of the b-type cytochrome domain of CDH from the wood-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium has been determined at 1.9 Angstrom resolution using multiple isomorphous replacement ncluding anomalous scattering information. Three models of the cytochrome have been refined: the in vitro prepared cytochrome in its redox-inactive state (pH 7.5) and redox-active state (pH 4.6), as well as the naturally occurring cytochrome fragment. Conclusions: The 190-residue long cytochrome domain of CDH folds as a beta sandwich with the topology of the antibody Fab V-H domain. The haem iron is ligated by Met65 and His 163, which confirms previous results from spectroscopic studies. This is only the second example of a b-type cytochrome with this ligation, the first being cytochrome b(562). The haem-propionate groups are surface exposed and, therefore, might play a role in the association between the cytochrome and flavoprotein domain, and in interdomain electron transfer. There are no large differences in overall structure of the cytochrome at redoxactive pH as compared with the inactive form, which excludes the possibility that pH-dependent redox inactivation results from partial denaturation. From the electron-density map of the naturally occurring cytochrome, we conclude that it corresponds to the proteolytically prepared cytochrome domain.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Henriksson, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
-
Is cellobiose dehydrogenase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium a lignin degrading enzyme?
- 2000
-
In: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology. - 0167-4838 .- 1879-2588. ; 1480:02-jan, s. 83-91
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is an extracellular redox enzyme of ping-pong type, i.e. it has separate oxidative and reductive half reactions. Several wood degrading fungi produce CDH, but the biological function of the enzyme is not known with certainty. It can, however, indirectly generate hydroxyl radicals by reducing Fe3+ to Fe2+ and O-2 to H2O2. Hydroxyl radicals are then generated by a Fenton type reaction and they can react with various wood compounds, including lignin. In this work we study the effect of CDH on a non-phenolic lignin model compound (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl glycol). The results indicate that CDH can affect lignins in three important ways. (1) It breaks beta-ethers; (2) it demethoxylates aromatic structures in lignins; (3) it introduces hydroxyl groups in non-phenolic lignins. The gamma-irradiated model compound gave a similar pattern of products as the CDH treated model compound? when the samples were analyzed by HPLC, suggesting that hydroxyl radicals are the active component of the CDH system.
|
|
| 32. |
- Henriksson, G, et al.
(author)
-
Is cellobiose dehydrogenase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium a lignin degrading enzyme?
- 2000
-
In: BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR ENZYMOLOGY. - 0167-4838. ; 1480:1-2, s. 83-91
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is an extracellular redox enzyme of ping-pong type, i.e. it has separate oxidative and reductive half reactions. Several wood degrading fungi produce CDH, but the biological function of the enzyme is not known with certainty
|
|
| 33. |
- Jansson, D. S., et al.
(author)
-
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and other strongly beta-haemolytic and indole-positive spirochaetes isolated from mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)
- 2004
-
In: Journal of Medical Microbiology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-2615 .- 1473-5644. ; 53:4, s. 293-300
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aims of the current study were to collect intestinal spirochaetes (genus Brachyspira) from farmed and wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and to identify and classify those isolates that phenotypically resembled Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, an enteric pathogen of pigs. The isolation rate of Brachyspira spp. was high from both farmed (93%) and wild mallards (78%). In wild mallards, it appeared that Brachyspira spp. were more likely to be found in migratory birds (multivariate analysis: RR = 1(.)8, 95% Cl 1(.)1-3(.)1) than in mallards sampled in a public park. Pure cultures of putative B. hyodysenteriae were obtained from 22 birds. All five isolates from farmed mallards and ten randomly selected isolates with this phenotype were used for further studies. All isolates from farmed mallards and two of the isolates from wild mallards were PCR-positive for the tlyA gene of B. hyodysenteriae. Two isolates from farmed mallards were selected for pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. These isolates clustered with the type and reference strains of B. hyodysenteriae. 16S rDNA sequence analysis performed on 11 of the strains showed that they were all closely related to each other and to the B. hyodysenteriae-Brachyspira intermedia cluster. Three of the mallard isolates had 16S rDNA sequences that were identical to those of B. hyodysenteriae strains R1 and NIV-1 previously isolated from common rheas (Rhea americana). To conclude, the isolates from farmed mallards and two isolates from wild mallards were classified as B. hyodysenteriae based on the factthat they could not be differentiated by any of the applied methods from type, reference and field strains of B. hyodysenteriae. The remaining isolates could not be assigned irrefutably to any of the presently recognized Brachyspira species. These results point to a broader host spectrum of B. hyodysenteriae than is generally recognized, and to the presence in mallards of strongly haemolytic and indole-producing spirochaetes that possess many, but not all, of the currently recognized characteristics of B. hyodysenteriae.
|
|
| 34. |
- Joerger, R, et al.
(author)
-
Digestion method for silver accumulated in micro-organisms
- 2000
-
In: Fresenius J. Anal.Chem. ; 366:3, s. 311-312
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Silver is accumulated to high concentrations in certain microbial strains. Here a bomb digestion method is proposed, using HNO3 and HCl, for the extraction and digestion of silver and silver compounds from the organic matrix. The method is applicable for
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Kahnberg, Pia, et al.
(author)
-
The use of a pharmacophore model for identification of novel ligands for the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABA(A) receptor
- 2004
-
In: Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling. - : Elsevier BV. - 1093-3263. ; 23:3, s. 253-261
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A Catalyst pharmacophore model has been developed for the benzodiazepine site within the GABA(A) receptor complex. The model is based on a pharmacophore model originally proposed by Cook and co-workers (Drug Des. Discovery 1995, 12, 193-248) and further developed by Kahnberg et al. (J. Med. Chem. 2002,45, 4188-4201). The Catalyst pharmacophore model has been validated by using a series of flavonoids with varying affinities for the benzodiazepine receptor and has then been used as a search query in database searching with the aim of finding novel structures which have the possibility to be modified into novel lead compounds. Five of the hits from the database searching were purchased and their affinities for the benzodiazepine site of the GABA(A) receptor were determined. Two of the compounds displayed K-i values below 10 muM. The substance showing highest potency in-vitro displayed an affinity of 121 nM making it an interesting compound for optimization. The false positive compounds (K-i values > 10 muM affinities) have been analysed in terms of conformational energy penalties and possibilities for hydrogen bond interactions. The analysis clearly demonstrates the need for post processing of Catalyst hits. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 37. |
- Kakonen, S M, et al.
(author)
-
Development and evaluation of three immunofluorometric assays that measure different forms of osteocalcin in serum
- 2000
-
In: Clinical Chemistry. - 0009-9147. ; 46:3, s. 332-337
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Circulating human osteocalcin (hOC) has been used as a marker of bone formation. Our aim was to validate three immunofluorometric assays (IFMAs), measuring different forms of hOC. METHODS: The two-site IFMAs were based on previously characterized monoclonal antibodies. Assay 2 recognized intact hOC, assays 4 and 9 measured the NH(2)-terminal mid-fragment and the intact hOC. In addition, assay 9 required hOC to be gamma-carboxylated. RESULTS: A 76-79% increase of serum immunoreactive hOC was found in the postmenopausal group compared with the premenopausal group with all IFMAs. With EDTA-plasma samples, the observed increases were lower (49-65%). The hOC concentration in the postmenopausal group receiving hormone replacement therapy was 42-44% lower than that in the postmenopausal control group in both serum and EDTA-plasma samples. The depressed carboxylation in warfarin-treated patients was accompanied by lower results in assay 9. The ratio of assay 9 to assay 4 totally discriminated the warfarin-treated patients from the controls. Assay 9 showed the smallest decreases in measured hOC after storage of serum or plasma for 4 weeks at 4 degrees C, followed by assay 4 and assay 2. Results from the last assay were <17% of their initial values after 4 weeks of storage. No diurnal variation was observed with assay 9 as opposed to the two other IFMAs. CONCLUSION: The three assays with their distinct specificity profiles (intact vs fragmented and carboxylated vs decarboxylated hOC) may provide valuable tools for investigating the significance of different hOC forms in various bone-related diseases.
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Martin, T, et al.
(author)
-
Dispersion compensation for Huygens' sources and far-zone transformation in FDTD
- 2000
-
In: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. - 0018-926X .- 1558-2221. ; 48:4, s. 494-501
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The equivalence principle is utilized for generation of both incident plane waves and for near- to far-zone transformation in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Small errors will appear due to numerical dispersion when a plane wave is generated by Huygens' sources using an analytical expression fur the incident field. These errors can be derived from the numerical dispersion relation in the frequency domain. By using a second-order approximation of the numerical wavenumber it is shown that a simple approximative time-domain compensation procedure for the dispersion can be derived. This has been implemented in a Huygens' source routine and in a time-domain near- to far-zone transformation routine. It is shown that this compensation significantly reduces the errors produced when calculating far-zone scattered fields of low amplitude. It is also shown that it is sufficient to compensate either the Huygens' sources or the time-domain near- to Far-zone transformation with respect to dispersion. For validation, plane wave propagation through empty space and scattering of a dipole have been studied.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Norrgren, L., et al.
(author)
-
Environmental Monitoring of the Kafue River, Located in the Copperbelt, Zambia
- 2000
-
In: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-4341 .- 1432-0703. ; 38:3, s. 334-341
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Zambia is a country with an extensive mining industry with the majority of mines located in the Copperbelt province. Through this region of the country, the Kafue River drains and receives effluent water from mining activities as well as from other industrial point sources. In addition, production of agricultural products and pest control requires use of different pesticides in the area. Information on industrial and agricultural pollution has not been clearly identified in Zambia, and little attention has been paid to pollution control and possible impact of metals, pesticides, and other persistent compounds in the environment. The objective of this study was to introduce and to evaluate a few methodologies based on in situ bioassays for environmental assessment to promote sustainable and environmentally sound water resource management of the Kafue River. The results show that caged threespot tilapia exposed downstream of industrial points sources rapidly bioaccumulate several trace elements, i.e., Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni. These elements also occurred in much higher concentrations in water samples downstream of the industrial area compared with a locality upstream. Furthermore, the use of a semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) for passive absorption of lipophilic pollutants in the water showed relatively high concentration of several pesticides, i.e., DDT with major metabolites, PCB, and dieldrin. The present study shows that only 2 weeks of in situ studies in waters contaminated by pollutants affects in situ exposed fish and that the correlation between water and tissue concentrations was relatively good. Both trace elements and persistent organic pollutants occurred in such high concentrations that they must be considered from ecotoxicological aspects and may affect aquatic animal health
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
- Pettersson, Ulf T., et al.
(author)
-
Hydrogeochemical processes in the Kafue River upstream from the Copperbelt mining area
- 2000
-
In: Aquatic geochemistry. - 1380-6165 .- 1573-1421. ; 6:4, s. 385-411
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Frequent sampling during an annual cycle of dissolved(<0.45 μm) and suspended (>0.45 μm) elementshas been conducted in the Kafue River at Raglan'sFarm, upstream from the mining activities within theCopperbelt Province, Zambia. Additional sampling ofsediment and interstitial pore water was conductedduring low water discharge. The presence of carbonateswithin the drainage basin naturally gives rise to highelement concentrations in the dissolved phase(Ca = 626, Mg = 494, Na = 360 and K = 24 mmol l-1).During the rainy season the relative composition ofthe dissolved elements indicated a wash out ofaccumulated weathering products and mineralisedorganic material from the unsaturated zone of the soilprofile. High concentrations of dissolved Al, Fe andMn were measured during high water discharge. At lowwater discharge the sediment was a major source of Fe,Mn and associated Co and Cu to the water column.Enhanced concentrations of dissolved and suspended S,Co and Cu during the rainy season indicated thatatmospheric deposited particles from the mining areawere washed out into the river. Autochthonousformation of particles rich in Si indicated diatomproduction during low water discharge.
|
|
| 48. |
- Pettersson, Ulf T., et al.
(author)
-
The geochemistry of Co and Cu in the Kafue River as it drains the Copperbelt mining area, Zambia
- 2001
-
In: Chemical Geology. - 0009-2541 .- 1872-6836. ; 177:3-4, s. 399-414
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Samples of the dissolved ( < 0.45 μ m) and suspended (> 0.45 μ m) phases have been collected in the Kafue River during a 1-year cycle. Within the mining area, the concentrations of Co, Cu and S in the river occasionally increase more than 100 times compared to concentrations upstream from the mining area. The highest concentrations of dissolved Cu (3.4 μ M) and Fe (4.2 μ M) are found during high water discharge, probably indicating a washout of leached weathering products from spoil heaps. High levels of Co appear to originate from one point source, the location where the Co ore is treated. In the Kafue River, secondary Mn- and Fe-rich particles are formed, on which Co and Cu, respectively, are enriched. The elements associated to secondary Fe and Mn particles are enriched at the sediment surface in the river due to redox processes. Hence, secondary particles and sorbed trace elements may be resuspended and transported further downstream in the river system. However, very high concentrations of Cu (1%) and Co (0.1%) in the sediment are caused by primary sulphides.
|
|
| 49. |
- Rengefors, Karin, et al.
(author)
-
Species-specific alkaline phosphatase activity in freshwater spring phytoplankton: Application of a novel method
- 2001
-
In: Journal of Plankton Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0142-7873 .- 1464-3774. ; 23:4, s. 435-443
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For the first time, in situ alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) was studied at the species level in a natural spring community of freshwater phytoplankton. This was achieved by utilizing a substrate called enzyme labeled fluorescence (ELF), which forms fluorescent precipitates at the site of APA. Samples collected from Lake Erken, Sweden, were assayed with ELF and a number of species belonging to Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Dinophyceae were labeled. Within these species we found temporal changes in the percentage of the populations that were ELF labeled. Our results demonstrate that species are not all utilizing AP at the same time, and that within one species, individual cells express different levels of APA. Comparisons between ELF activity and bulk community APA measurements, using standard methods, showed cases both of agreement and disagreement. In this study, we were unable to determine whether some of the fragile flagellates were producing AP. These cells were destroyed in the ELF-labeling process. Overall, we found that the ELF method provided new information on APA in freshwater phytoplankton, and that species-specific measurements are possible, but not for all classes of phytoplankton.
|
|
| 50. |
- Sasaki, S, et al.
(author)
-
Dexterous finger movements in primate without monosynaptic corticomotoneuronal excitation
- 2004
-
In: Journal of Neurophysiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0022-3077 .- 1522-1598. ; 92:5, s. 3142-3147
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is generally accepted that the precision grip and independent finger movements (IFMs) in monkey and man are controlled by the direct (monosynaptic) corticomotoneuronal (CM) pathway. This view is based on previous observations that pyramidotomy causes near permanent deficits of IFMs. However, in addition to the direct CM pathway, pyramidotomy interrupts several corticofugal connections to the brain stem and upper cervical segments. Indirect (oligosynaptic) CM pathways, which are phylogenetically older, have been considered to be of little or no importance in prehension. In three adult macaque monkeys, complete transection of the direct CM pathway was made in C4/C5, which is rostral to the forelimb segments (C6–Th1). Electrophysiological recordings revealed lack of the direct lateral corticospinal tract (LCST) volley, monosynaptic extracellular field potentials in the motor nuclei, and monosynaptic CM excitation. However, a disynaptic volley, disynaptic field potentials and disynaptic CM excitation mediated via C3–C4 propriospinal neurons remained after the lesion. Thus the lesion interrupted the monosynaptic CM pathway and oligosynaptic LCST pathways mediated by interneurons in the forelimb segments. Precision grip and IFMs were observed already after 1–28 days postoperatively. Weakness in force and deficits in preshaping remained for an observation period of 3 mo. Indirect CM pathways may be important for neuro-rehabilitation.
|
|
