| 1. |
- Dahlgren, Thomas G., 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Morphological and molecular evidence of the phylogeny of Nereidiform polychaetes (Annelida)
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. - 0947-5745. ; 38:4, s. 249-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phylogeny of Nereidiformia is assessed in a parsimony analysis of combined morphological and DNA data, with special focus on previously questioned relationships between Chrysopetalidae and Hesionidae, between Pilargidae and Hesionidae, and the affinities of Hesionides and Microphthalmus. A 660 by segment of the mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene was sequenced for two chrysopetalids, one nereidid, one pilargid, one pisionid, two hesionids, plus the two questionable hesionids Hesionides arenaria and Microphthalmus sp. Phylogenetic resolution was poor for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene data alone, but the combined analysis yielded partially robust topologies, suggesting that nereids are the sister group to chrysopetalids, and that pilargids, Hesionides and Microphthalmus do not belong within the hesionids.
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| 2. |
- Kato, T., et al.
(författare)
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A revision of Notophyllum Orsted, 1843 (Phyllodocidae, Polychaeta)
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Natural History. - 0022-2933. ; 36:10, s. 1135-1178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Notophyllum Orsted, 1843 (Phyllodocidae, Polychaeta) is revised based on all available types and a large number of newly collected specimens. Redescriptions are provided of the seven species considered valid: N. americanum Verrill, 1885, N. foliosum (Sars, 1835), N. imbricatum Moore, 1906, N. japonicum Marenzeller, 1879, N. multicirris (Grube, 1878), N. sagamianum Izuka, 1912 and N. splendens (Schmarda, 1861). Notophyllum imajimai sp. n. is described from Japan. Some previously unreported characters are introduced, including a series of proboscis characters, morphology of dorsal cirri and cirrophores, and first appearance of notoaciculae in non-cephalized segments. A parsimony analysis of these taxa is presented based on 20 morphological characters and indicates two well-supported clades: Notophyllum as traditionally delineated and (N. foliosum, N. americanum (N. imajimai sp. n., N. imbricatum)). Characters for distinguishing all species of Notophyllum are provided in a table. Previous identifications of Notophyllum species have relied on the number of nuchal lobes; it is demonstrated that extensive intraspecific variation and interspecific overlap complicate the use of this character. Notophyllum caecum Fauvel, 1913 is referred to as Notophyllinae incertae sedis, and N. tectum (Chamberlin, 1919) comb. n. and N. laciniatum Willey, 1905 are referred to as Notophyllum incertae sedis. Taxa removed from Notophyllum include Phyllodoce benedenii (Hansen, 1882) comb. n. and Sige antarctica (Hartman, 1978) comb. n.
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| 3. |
- Kato, T., et al.
(författare)
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A revision of Paranaitis Southern, 1914 (Polychaeta : Phyllodocidae)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. - 0024-4082. ; 138:4, s. 379-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paranaitis Southern, 1914 (Phyllodocidae, Polychaeta) is revised based on an examination of all available types and newly collected specimens. Redescriptions are provided of the 11 previously described species considered valid: P. wahlbergi (Malmgren, 1865), P. abyssalis (Hartmann-Schroder, 1975), P. benthicola (Knox, 1960), P. bowersi (Benham, 1927), R caeca (Moore, 1903), R gardineri Perkins, 1984, P. inflata (Hutchings & Murray, 1984), R kosteriensis (Malmgren, 1867), P. polynoides (Moore, 1909), P. speciosa (Webster, 1879) and P. uschakovi Eibye-Jacobsen, 1991. Paranaitis misakiensis sp. nov., P. moritai sp. nov. and P. pumila sp. nov. are described from Japan. Anaitis peremptoria Claparede, 1870; Anaitis zeylanica Willey, 1905; Phyllooloce (Anaitis) papillosa Ehlers, 1887; and Phyllodoce (Anaitis) rubens Grube, 1880 are referred to as Phyllodocidae incertae sedis, and P. capensis (Day, 1960), P. formosa (Verrill, 1885) and R picta (Verrill, 1885) to as Paranaitis incertae sedis. Phyllodoce truncata (Hartmann-Schroder 1965) comb. nov. is removed from Paranaitis. Some previously unreported charaefers are introduced, including a series of proboscis characters, morphology of dorsal cirrophores, and symmetry of rostrum of chaetal shaft. Distinguishing characters for all recognized species of Paranaitis are provided in a table. In order to assess the position and delineation of Paranaitis and the relationships within this taxon, we present a morphology-based parsimony analysis of relationships within the Phyllodocidae. Paranaitis is shown to be paraphyletic at the exclusion of Chaetoparia, although current support does not allow for any formal synonymy. Phyllodoce and the Eteone-group appear as consecutive sister taxa to the Paranaitis-Chaetoparia clade. The monophyly of Notophyllinae is well supported, but low consensus resolution is obtained for the positions of major taxa such as Eulalia, Eumida, and the Mystides-group. (C) 2003 The Linnean Society of London.
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| 4. |
- Pleijel, Fredrik, 1955
(författare)
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A revision of Hesiospina (Psamathini, Hesionidae, Polychaeta)
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Natural History. - 0022-2933. ; 38:20, s. 2547-2566
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hesiospina Imajima and Hartman, 1964 (Psamathini, Hesionidae, Polychaeta) is revised based on examination of all available types, other museum specimens and a large number of newly collected specimens from world-wide areas. Two species are recognized and redescribed, Hesiospina aurantiaca (Sars, 1862), new combination, and H. vestimentifera Blake, 1985. The currently used name Hesiospina similis (Hessle, 1925) is treated as a junior synonym of both Hesiospina aurantiaca and Castalia longicornis Sars, 1862. A lectotype is designated for H. aurantiaca, and the same specimen is used as neotype for C. longicornis, making the two objective synonyms. Hesiospina aurantiaca is widely distributed and recorded from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, European Atlantic and Mediterranean waters, Japan, Papua New Guinea, the Great Barrier Reef, and New Caledonia, mainly from shallow waters, but down to over 500 m depth. Whereas there are some differences between populations from different regions, including distribution of uni- and bidentate chaetae, the different populations are not characterized by any obvious apomorphies and are treated as a single species. Hesiospina vestimentifera is associated with hydrothermal vents and is widely distributed in the east Pacific.
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| 5. |
- Pleijel, Fredrik, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Carboniferous fireworms (Amphinomida : Annelida), with a discussion of species taxa in palaeontology
- 2004
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Ingår i: Invertebrate Systematics. - 1445-5226. ; 18:6, s. 693-700
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New records of Palaeocampa anthrax Meek & Worthen, 1865 with fossilized soft parts are provided from Montceau-les-Mines in France, late Carboniferous, permitting the identification of a new clade of extinct amphinomid polychaetes. The group also provides an object lesson for problems with species concepts in palaeontology. The biological species concept, the diagnosable phylogenetic species concepts, and the monophyletic phylogenetic species concepts are applied and discussed in the case of P. anthrax, as well as more generally in palaeontology. All three are rejected, but for different reasons. Instead we advocate the application of LITUs (least inclusive taxonomic unit), which refers to the smallest currently recognised taxa, but without making the unjustified rank assignments to species.
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| 6. |
- Pleijel, Fredrik, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Ceci n'est pas une pipe: names, clades and phylogenetic nomenclature
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. - 0947-5745. ; 41:3, s. 162-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An introduction is provided to the literature and to issues relating to phylogenetic nomenclature and the PhyloCode, together with a critique of the current Linnaean system of nomenclature. The Linnaean nomenclature fixes taxon names with types, and associates the names with ranks (genus, family, etc.). In phylogenetic nomenclature, names are instead defined with reference to cladistic relationships, and the names are not associated with ranks. We argue that taxon names under the Linnaean system are unclear in meaning and provide unstable group-name associations, notwithstanding whether or not there are agreements on relationships. Furthermore, the Linnaean rank assignments lack justification and invite unwarranted comparisons across taxa. On the contrary, the intention of taxon names in phylogenetic nomenclature is clear and stable, and the application of the names will be unambiguous under any given cladistic hypothesis. The extension of the names reflects current knowledge of relationships, and will shift as new hypotheses are forwarded. The extension of phylogenetic names is, therefore, clear but is associated to (and thus dependent upon) cladistic hypotheses. Stability in content can be maximized with carefully formulated name definitions. A phylogenetic nomenclature will shift the focus from discussions of taxon names towards the understanding of relationships. Also, we contend that species should not be recognized as taxonomic units. The term 'species' is ambiguous, it mixes several distinct classes of entities, and there is a large gap between most of the actual concepts and the evidence available to identify the entities. Instead, we argue that only clades should be recognized. Among these, it is useful to tag the smallest named clades, which all represent non-overlapping groups. Such taxa - LITUs (Least Inclusive Taxonomic Units) - are distinguished from more inclusive clades by being spelled with lower-case initial letter. In contrast to species, LITUs are conceptually straightforward and are, like other clades, identified by apomorphies.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Rouse, G. W., et al.
(författare)
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Problems in polychaete systematics
- 2003
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Ingår i: Hydrobiologia. - 0018-8158. ; 496:1-3, s. 175-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some of the intriguing issues in current polychaete systematics are reviewed. (1) The root of the 'polychaete' tree. Currently there are two major hypotheses concerning the root position among polychaetes. One is based on rooting cladograms with outgroups such as Mollusca and result in simple-bodied taxa such as Opheliidae and Questidae forming a basal annelid grade along with Clitellata. Other hypotheses do not use outgroup rooting but involve scenarios on the evolution of the group and would place taxa in Aciculata as basal annelids, thus making Aciculata and Phyllodocida paraphyletic. Molecular sequence data has been of little help in resolving this issue thus far, largely due to limited taxon sampling. ( 2) Paraphyly. Owing, in part, to a tradition involving the emphasis on differences among taxa, and the application of Linnean ranks ( e. g., family), paraphyly is undoubtedly a widespread phenomenon in polychaete systematics. An example of this has been proposed already for Spionidae. If the tree topology and rooting used by Blake & Arnofsky ( 1999) is correct, Spionidae is made paraphyletic by the recognition of the following four family-ranked taxa; Trochochaetidae, Poecilochaetidae, Longosomatidae and Uncispionidae. Another possible example is seen with Cirratulidae. A preliminary cladistic analysis shows that it is entirely possible that seven other taxa recognised as families may be nested within Cirratulidae. These include Acrocirridae, Ctenodrilidae, Fauveliopsidae, Flabelligeridae, Flotidae, Poeobiidae and Sternaspidae. ( 3) Problematic taxa. Apart from the problems exposed by the analysis of Cirratuliformia, the position of some of these groups, such as Aberranta, Alciopidae, Hesionides, Lopadorhynchidae, Microphthalmus, Nerillidae, Spinther, Tomopteridae and Sabellariidae, is discussed.
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| 9. |
- Rousset, V., et al.
(författare)
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Molecular and morphological evidence of Alvinellidae relationships (Terebelliformia, Polychaeta, Annelida)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Zoologica Scripta. - 0300-3256. ; 32:2, s. 185-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we assessed the phylogenetic relationships of the hydrothermal vent polychaete group Alvinellidae, based on parsimony analyses of combined morphological and molecular data. Morphological data were obtained from newly examined specimens and literature information of 16 terminal taxa belonging to Alvinellidae, Ampharetidae, Pectinariidae, Terebellidae, Trichobranchidae, and the outgroups Oweniidae and Sabellidae. Molecular data were based on 28S rRNA from 13 of the 16 morphological terminals (10 previously published sequences plus three new ones). The combined analysis indicated the clades ((Alvinellidae, Trichobranchidae) Pectinariidae) and (Ampharetidae, Terebellidae). Alvinellidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae, as currently delineated, are monophyletic. The positions of Trichobranchidae and Pectinariidae contradicted traditional views, and they also had low Bremer support and merit further studies. Well-supported clades included Alvinellidae and Terebellinae. Previous statements that Alvinellidae are either nested within Ampharetidae or the sister to this taxon were not supported. The traditional but here contradicted view that Terebellidae and Trichobranchidae are closely related may be based on plesiomorphic similarities between these two taxa.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Rousset, V., et al.
(författare)
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The phylogenetic position of Siboglinidae (Annelida) inferred from 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and morphological data
- 2004
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Ingår i: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 20:6, s. 518-533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assess the phylogenetic position of Siboglinidae (previously known as the phyla Pogonophora and Vestimentifera, but now referred to Annelida) in parsimony analyses of 1100 bp from 18S rRNA, 320 bp from the D1 region of 28S rRNA, and 107 morphological characters, totaling 667 parsimony informative characters. The 34 terminal taxa, apart from six siboglinids, include polychaete members of Sabellida, Terbelliformia, Cirratuliformia and Spionida, plus two Aciculata polychaetes as outgroups. Our results contradict most recent hypotheses in showing a sistergroup relationship between Siboglinidae and Oweniidae, and in that the latter taxon is not a member of Sabellida. Furthermore, our results indicate that Sabellariidae is not closely related to Sabellida, that Serpulidae may be nested within Sabellidae. and that Alvinellidae is nested within Ampharetidae. (c) The Willi Hennig Society 2004.
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| 12. |
- Solis-Weiss, V., et al.
(författare)
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Types of polychaetous annelids at the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris
- 2004
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Ingår i: Zoosystema. - 1280-9551. ; 26:3, s. 377-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Until recently, the polychaete collection at Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN) contained a large number of types that were not labelled or recognised as types, including specimens deposited by Lamarck, Quatrefages, Saint-Joseph, Gravier and Fauvel. These have now been identified, catalogued, and transferred to a newly created type collection. We here publish a list of all catalogued types, including c. 1400 lots (vials and slides) for over 700 species names. Additionally, brief notes are provided about some of the most prominent scientists who have contributed substantially to the collection in the past.
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