| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Lear, S. A., et al.
(författare)
-
The association between ownership of common household devices and obesity and diabetes in high, middle and low income countries
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Canadian Medical Association Journal. - : CMA Joule Inc.. - 0820-3946 .- 1488-2329. ; 186:4, s. 258-266
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Household devices (e.g., television, car, computer) are common in high income countries, and their use has been linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We hypothesized that device ownership is associated with obesity and diabetes and that these effects are explained through reduced physical activity, increased sitting time and increased energy intake. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study involving 153 996 adults from high, upper-middle, lower-middle and low income countries. We used multilevel regression models to account for clustering at the community and country levels. Results: Ownership of a household device increased from low to high income countries (4% to 83% for all 3 devices) and was associated with decreased physical activity and increased sitting, dietary energy intake, body mass index and waist circumference. There was an increased odds of obesity and diabetes with the ownership of any 1 household device compared to no device ownership (obesity: odds ratio [OR] 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32-1.55; diabetes: OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.28-1.50). Ownership of a second device increased the odds further but ownership of a third device did not. Subsequent adjustment for lifestyle factors modestly attenuated these associations. Of the 3 devices, ownership of a television had the strongest association with obesity (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.29-1.49) and diabetes (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.23-1.44). When stratified by country income level, the odds of obesity and diabetes when owning all 3 devices was greatest in low income countries (obesity: OR 3.15, 95% CI 2.33-4.25; diabetes: OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.53-2.53) and decreased through country income levels such that we did not detect an association in high income countries. Interpretation: The ownership of household devices increased the likelihood of obesity and diabetes, and this was mediated in part by effects on physical activity, sitting time and dietary energy intake. With increasing ownership of household devices in developing countries, societal interventions are needed to mitigate their effects on poor health.
|
|
| 3. |
- Mente, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Association of urinary sodium and potassium excretion with blood pressure
- 2014
-
Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 371:7, s. 601-611
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Higher levels of sodium intake are reported to be associated with higher blood pressure. Whether this relationship varies according to levels of sodium or potassium intake and in different populations is unknown. METHODS: We studied 102,216 adults from 18 countries. Estimates of 24-hour sodium and potassium excretion were made from a single fasting morning urine specimen and were used as surrogates for intake. We assessed the relationship between electrolyte excretion and blood pressure, as measured with an automated device. RESULTS: Regression analyses showed increments of 2.11 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure and 0.78 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure for each 1-g increment in estimated sodium excretion. The slope of this association was steeper with higher sodium intake (an increment of 2.58 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure per gram for sodium excretion >5 g per day, 1.74 mm Hg per gram for 3 to 5 g per day, and 0.74 mm Hg per gram for <3 g per day; P<0.001 for interaction). The slope of association was steeper for persons with hypertension (2.49 mm Hg per gram) than for those without hypertension (1.30 mm Hg per gram, P<0.001 for interaction) and was steeper with increased age (2.97 mm Hg per gram at >55 years of age, 2.43 mm Hg per gram at 45 to 55 years of age, and 1.96 mm Hg per gram at <45 years of age; P<0.001 for interaction). Potassium excretion was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure, with a steeper slope of association for persons with hypertension than for those without it (P<0.001) and a steeper slope with increased age (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the association of estimated intake of sodium and potassium, as determined from measurements of excretion of these cations, with blood pressure was nonlinear and was most pronounced in persons consuming high-sodium diets, persons with hypertension, and older persons. (Funded by the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario and others.).
|
|
| 4. |
- Ahlers, F.J., et al.
(författare)
-
The EMRP project GraphOhm- Towards quantum resistance metrology based on graphene
- 2014
-
Ingår i: CPEM Digest (Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements). - 0589-1485. - 9781479952052 ; , s. 548-549, s. 548-549
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new joint research project (JRP) integrating metrology institutes and universities from nine countries is aimed at realization of a new generation of standards for quantum resistance metrology. The project exploits graphene's properties to simplify operation of standards without compromising the unprecedented precision delivered by semiconductor quantum Hall devices. Higher operating temperatures (above 4.2 K, and up to 8 K) and together with lower magnetic fields (below 5 T, and potentially down to 2 T) will lead to a significantly improved and cost-saving dissemination of intrinsically referenced resistance standards to all end-users relying on electrical measurements.
|
|
| 5. |
- Poirier, Jean-Michel, et al.
(författare)
-
Porous nanocomposite scaffolds containing cellulose nanofibers for cartilage applications: mechanical properties and biocompatibility
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionNatural materials as cellulose extracted from wood and chitin extracted from crustaceans shells are promising biocompatible materials for tissue engineering applications. (1, 2) The study focuses on the processing of a novel biobased three -dimensional porous scaffolds for cartilage repair applications. A first phase of the study consists in optimising the composition and the process for suitable mechanical properties in simulated body conditions. In the second phase the biocompatibility of the material and the influence of the presence of chondrocytes extra cellular matrix (ECM) on its mechanical properties will be studied. Materials and methodsThe materials were prepared by freeze drying suspensions of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) in a matrix of gelatin/chitosan. A single step freeze drying of a solution containing gelatin, CNFs, and chitosan, or a two steps freeze drying of a gelatin and CNFs solutions first, then impregnation with chitosan solution and subsequent freeze drying was performed. Cross-linking is carried out using genipin solution, followed by rinsing, and an additional freeze drying. The prepared materials were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), compression tests in dry and wet conditions, and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy. The porosity is measured by BET method. Cell attachment and proliferation were also evaluated.Results and discussionSEM observations of the freeze dried materials showed homogeneous pore structure. The structure observed shows a macroporous foam with pore size varying between 50 to 200 µm depending on the process and material, with a rough inner surface with nanosized wires formed by CNFs and chitosan. These nanowires are expected to enhance cell attachment and proliferation. The compression tests showed a compression strength of around 0.02 and 0.07 MPa and a compression modulus around 0.3 MPa and 3 MPa according to the initial concentration at 37°C and atmospheric moisture conditions, which is the in the same order of magnitude as natural cartilage i.e. between 0.4 and 0.8MPa according to the literature. (3) Biocompatibility tests also showed positive results and cell growth with the tested materials. Furthermore, the growth of chondrocytes within the samples and the production of ECM are expected to enhance the mechanical properties. (4)ConclusionsFreeze dried micro porous scaffolds of cellulose nanofiber based gelation/ chitosan nanocomposites showed promising mechanical properties and cell growth, with potential for cartilage application.AcknowledgmentsFinancial support from VINNOVA under MNT-ERANET project, n-POSSCOG is acknowledged. EDUCELL, Slovenia is acknowledged for biocompatibility data. References1. Mathew A, Oksman K, Pierron D, Harmad M. Cellulose. 2012 02/01; 19 (1): 139-50.2. Peter M, Ganesh N, Selvamurugan N, Nair SV, Furuike T, Tamura H, et al. Carbohydr Polym. 2010 5/5; 80 (3): 687-94.3. Mansour JM. Kinesiology: the Mechanics and Pathomechanics of Human Movement. 2003 (Ch 5): 66-79.4. Karageorgiou V, Kaplan D. Biomaterials. 2005 9; 26 (27): 5474-91.Proceeding of the MiMe October 8-11, 2013 - Faenza, Italy1st International Conference on Materials in Medicine
|
|
