| 1. |
- Barzegaran, Mohammadreza, et al.
(författare)
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Electric drives as fog nodes in a fog computing-based industrial use case
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Journal of Engineering. - : WILEY. - 2051-3305. ; 2021:12, s. 745-761
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electric drives, which are a main component in industrial applications, control electric motors and record vital information about their respective industrial processes. The development of electric drives as Fog nodes within a fog computing platform (FCP) leads to new abilities such as programmability, analytics, and connectivity, increasing their value. In this study, the FORA FCP reference architecture is used to implement electric drives as Fog nodes, which is called "fogification". The fogified drive architecture and its components are designed using Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL). The design process was driven by the high-level requirements that the authors elicited. Both the fogified drive architecture and the current drive architecture are used to implement a self baggage drop system in which electric drives are the key components. The fog-based design was then evaluated using several key performance indicators (KPIs), which reveal its advantages over the current drive architecture. The evaluation results show that safety-related isolation is enabled with only 9% overhead on the total Fog node utilization, control applications are virtualized with zero input-output jitter, the hardware cost is reduced by 44%, and machine learning at the edge is performed without interrupting the main drive functionalities and with an average 85% accuracy. The conclusion is that the fog-based design can successfully implement the required electric drive functionalities and can also enable innovative uses needed for realizing the vision of Industry 4.0.
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| 2. |
- Barzegaran, Mohammadreza, et al.
(författare)
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Fogification of Electric Drives: An industrial use case
- 2020
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Ingår i: The 25th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation ETFA2020.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electric drives are used to control electric motors, which are pervasive in industrial applications. In this paper we propose enhancing the electric drives to fulfil the role of fog nodes within a Fog Computing Platform (FCP). Fog Computing is envisioned as a realization of future distributed architectures in Industry 4.0. We identify the system-level requirements of such an FCP, including requirements that are extracted from the current architecture of drives, which we consider as a baseline. These requirements are then used to design a system-level architecture, which we model using the Architecture Analysis & Design Language (AADL). We identify the “technology bricks” (components such as hardware, software, middleware, services, methods and tools) needed to implement the FCP. The proposed fog-based architecture is then used to implement a Conveyor Belt industrial use case. We evaluate the resulting use case on several aspects, demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed fogbased approach. By developing the electric drives as fog nodes, new offerings like programmability, analytics and connectivity to customer Clouds are expected to increase the added value. Increased flexibility allows drives to assume a larger role in industrial and domestic control systems, instrumenting thus also legacy systems by using drives as the data source.
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| 3. |
- Barzegaran, Mohammadreza, et al.
(författare)
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Performance Optimization of Control Applications on Fog Computing Platforms Using Scheduling and Isolation
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - 2169-3536. ; 8, s. 104085-104098
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we address mixed-criticality applications characterized by their safety criticality and time-dependent performance, which are virtualized on a Fog Computing Platform (FCP). The FCP is implemented as a set of interconnected multicore computing nodes, and brings computation and communication closer to the edge of the network, where the machines are located in industrial applications. We use partitioning and static-cyclic scheduling to provide isolation among mixed-criticality tasks and to guarantee their timing requirements. The temporal and spatial isolation is enforced via partitions, which execute tasks with the same criticality level. We consider that the tasks are scheduled using static cyclic scheduling. We are interested in determining the mapping of tasks to the cores of the fog nodes, the assignment of tasks to the partitions, the partition schedule tables, and the tasks’ schedule tables, such that the Quality-of-Control for the control tasks is maximized and we meet the timing requirements for all tasks, including tasks with lower-criticality levels. We are also interested in determining the periods for control tasks to balance the schedulability and the control performance. We have proposed a Simulated Annealing metaheuristic, which relies on a heuristic algorithm for determining the schedules and partitions, to solve this optimization problem. Our optimization strategy has been evaluated on several test cases, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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| 4. |
- Houtan, Bahar, 1989-
(författare)
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Configuring and Analysing TSN Networks Considering Low-priority Traffic
- 2021
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standards offer a promising solution to deal with the challenge of supporting high-bandwidth, low-latency, and predictable communication in distributed embedded systems. Although TSN provides a gate mechanism to support the low-jitter transmission of high-priority time-triggered traffic, it also brings complexity to the network design as the configuration of such mechanism together with support for low-priority transmission is non-trivial. Moreover, the combination of the gate mechanism and the Credit-based Shaper (CBS) mechanism in TSN deals with many configuration parameters, hence finding the most suitable configuration is complex. To avoid this complexity, the Best-effort (BE) class is sometimes used as an alternative channel to the classes that undergo the CBS mechanism, through which the real-time traffic without strict deadlines is transmitted with a minimum level of Quality of Service (QoS). On the other hand, the end stations that operate based on the legacy communication standards might not support the TSN's traffic shaping mechanisms, hence the designers need to assign the legacy traffic to use the BE class in a TSN network. To the extent of our knowledge, there is no implicit mechanism to support the QoS of BE in a TSN network. Hence, utilizing BE as an alternative to other classes must be guaranteed in terms of meeting the timing requirements, i.e., response times and end-to-end delays. Therefore, the work in this thesis aims at developing techniques and solutions to support the QoS of the lower-priority classes in TSN. In this regard, this work improves the scheduling solutions of high-priority time-triggered traffic to reduce the latency of BE traffic and develops techniques to verify the timing properties of BE traffic considering the impact of all other traffic classes in TSN. Furthermore, the work in this thesis extends the existing end-to-end data-propagation delay analysis for distributed real-time systems based on TSN networks. Finally, the applicability of the proposed techniques is verified and demonstrated by automotive application use cases.
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| 5. |
- Pop, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Special Session : Digital Technologies for Sustainability - Research Challenges and Opportunities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2023 International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis, CODES+ISSS 2023. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. ; , s. 18-23
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an integrative exploration of key digital technologies instrumental in enabling the global green transition. In view of ambitious climate neutrality targets, it underscores the complex interplay between these technologies, policy implications, research challenges, and real-world applications in building a sustainable, low-carbon solutions. From a policy perspective, the paper delves into the systemic opportunities and challenges, providing valuable insights for various stakeholders. The discussion also encompasses pivotal research areas necessitated by the convergence of digital technologies and sustainable practices, emphasizing the need for a multi-disciplinary approach. Further, the paper identifies the practical applications of digital technologies across a range of sectors, highlighting several illustrative case studies, drawing lessons for future implementations. It concludes with forward-looking recommendations, stressing the significance of coherent policy coordination, public engagement, and global cooperation in furthering the digital-led green transition.
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| 6. |
- Razavi-Shearer, Devin M., et al.
(författare)
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Adjusted estimate of the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus in 25 countries and territories
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY. - 0168-8278 .- 1600-0641. ; 80:2, s. 232-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite RNA virus that requires the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for assembly and propagation. Individuals infected with HDV progress to advanced liver disease faster than HBV-monoinfected individuals. Recent studies have estimated the global prevalence of anti-HDV antibodies among the HBV-infected population to be 5-15%. This study aimed to better understand HDV prevalence at the population level in 25 countries/territories. Methods: We conducted a literature review to determine the prevalence of anti-HDV and HDV RNA in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive individuals in 25 countries/territories. Virtual meetings were held with experts from each setting to discuss the findings and collect unpublished data. Data were weighted for patient segments and regional heterogeneity to estimate the prevalence in the HBV-infected population. The findings were then combined with The Polaris Observatory HBV data to estimate the anti-HDV and HDV RNA prevalence in each country/territory at the population level. Results: After adjusting for geographical distribution, disease stage and special populations, the anti-HDV prevalence among the HBsAg+ population changed from the literature estimate in 19 countries. The highest anti-HDV prevalence was 60.1% in Mongolia. Once adjusted for the size of the HBsAg+ population and HDV RNA positivity rate, China had the highest absolute number of HDV RNA+ cases. Conclusions: We found substantially lower HDV prevalence than previously reported, as prior meta-analyses primarily focused on studies conducted in groups/regions that have a higher probability of HBV infection: tertiary care centers, specific risk groups or geographical regions. There is large uncertainty in HDV prevalence estimates. The implementation of reflex testing would improve estimates, while also allowing earlier linkage to care for HDV RNA+ individuals. The logistical and economic burden of reflex testing on the health system would be limited, as only HBsAg+ cases would be screened.
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| 7. |
- Saar de Moraes, Rodrigo, 1992-
(författare)
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Exploring Trade-offs in Concept Design of Integrated Modular Avionic Platform Configurations : Topology Generation, Resource Adequacy, and Dependability
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Modern aircraft heavily depend on computer systems to carry out various tasks. From managing flight surfaces and engines to processing radar and imagery data and facilitating communication with other aircraft and ground stations, computers are involved in almost every aspect of an aircraft’s operation. These computer systems, known as Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) systems, have long life cycles that span several decades and undergo regular updates. Despite this, a significant portion of the overall life cycle costs is determined very early in the life cycle, in the concept design phase. While the early concept stage provides the best opportunity to influence the design of the system and its future costs, it is also the stage where information about the system is most limited. During this early stage, selecting a suitable IMA platform configuration must ensure sufficient resources for the intended aircraft functionalities, particularly in computing and networking capabilities. Additionally, the decisions regarding safety and security measures must align with application requirements. However, this is a complex task due to conflicting requirements, necessitating compromises, and the limited information available at this early stage. This thesis explores the analysis and generation of avionic architecture configurations during the concept stage, addressing the problem on two fronts. The first focuses on verifying whether a chosen IMA platform configuration provides sufficient resources to ensure timely communication for a specified set of avionic applications. The second centers on exploring the conceptual design space to find IMA platform configurations aligned with computing, networking, fault-tolerance, and security application needs. To contribute to the problem’s verification aspect, this thesis introduces two high-level abstractions, namely timed automata and a domain-specific model based on Unified Modelling Languages (UML), to model IMA systems at the concept stage. These are designed to capture inter-process message ex-changes within networked IMA platforms. Additionally, we propose a workflow and a supporting tool explicitly designed to translate our proposed model into a network calculus model for further analysis. The approach’s practicality and scalability are showcased through its application to an avionics use case. In exploring conceptual design space, this thesis proposes NetGAP, a domain-specific method in which interconnection patterns in generic networked system topologies are represented as graph grammars. Combined with Monte Carlo Tree Search and genetic algorithms, these grammars are used to navigate the solution space and generate candidate IMA platform configurations tailored to the requirements of an envisaged application. Through application to an avionics use case, NetGAP is shown to be scalable and suitable for different types of requirements. To further expedite the process, NetGAP has evolved into NeuralGAP. The latter employs graph neural networks to assess network topology compatibility with the target application, accelerating the concept exploration and improving its results.
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| 8. |
- Tobias, Deirdre K, et al.
(författare)
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Second international consensus report on gaps and opportunities for the clinical translation of precision diabetes medicine
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - 1546-170X. ; 29:10, s. 2438-2457
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision medicine is part of the logical evolution of contemporary evidence-based medicine that seeks to reduce errors and optimize outcomes when making medical decisions and health recommendations. Diabetes affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, many of whom will develop life-threatening complications and die prematurely. Precision medicine can potentially address this enormous problem by accounting for heterogeneity in the etiology, clinical presentation and pathogenesis of common forms of diabetes and risks of complications. This second international consensus report on precision diabetes medicine summarizes the findings from a systematic evidence review across the key pillars of precision medicine (prevention, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis) in four recognized forms of diabetes (monogenic, gestational, type 1, type 2). These reviews address key questions about the translation of precision medicine research into practice. Although not complete, owing to the vast literature on this topic, they revealed opportunities for the immediate or near-term clinical implementation of precision diabetes medicine; furthermore, we expose important gaps in knowledge, focusing on the need to obtain new clinically relevant evidence. Gaps include the need for common standards for clinical readiness, including consideration of cost-effectiveness, health equity, predictive accuracy, liability and accessibility. Key milestones are outlined for the broad clinical implementation of precision diabetes medicine.
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| 9. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 10. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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