| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Santangelo, James S., et al.
(författare)
-
Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural dines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Nguyen, Thanh N, et al.
(författare)
-
Global Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stroke Volumes and Cerebrovascular Events: A 1-Year Follow-up.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 100:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Declines in stroke admission, IV thrombolysis (IVT), and mechanical thrombectomy volumes were reported during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a paucity of data on the longer-term effect of the pandemic on stroke volumes over the course of a year and through the second wave of the pandemic. We sought to measure the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volumes of stroke admissions, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), IVT, and mechanical thrombectomy over a 1-year period at the onset of the pandemic (March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021) compared with the immediately preceding year (March 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020).We conducted a longitudinal retrospective study across 6 continents, 56 countries, and 275 stroke centers. We collected volume data for COVID-19 admissions and 4 stroke metrics: ischemic stroke admissions, ICH admissions, IVT treatments, and mechanical thrombectomy procedures. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases.There were 148,895 stroke admissions in the 1 year immediately before compared with 138,453 admissions during the 1-year pandemic, representing a 7% decline (95% CI [95% CI 7.1-6.9]; p < 0.0001). ICH volumes declined from 29,585 to 28,156 (4.8% [5.1-4.6]; p < 0.0001) and IVT volume from 24,584 to 23,077 (6.1% [6.4-5.8]; p < 0.0001). Larger declines were observed at high-volume compared with low-volume centers (all p < 0.0001). There was no significant change in mechanical thrombectomy volumes (0.7% [0.6-0.9]; p = 0.49). Stroke was diagnosed in 1.3% [1.31-1.38] of 406,792 COVID-19 hospitalizations. SARS-CoV-2 infection was present in 2.9% ([2.82-2.97], 5,656/195,539) of all stroke hospitalizations.There was a global decline and shift to lower-volume centers of stroke admission volumes, ICH volumes, and IVT volumes during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the prior year. Mechanical thrombectomy volumes were preserved. These results suggest preservation in the stroke care of higher severity of disease through the first pandemic year.This study is registered under NCT04934020.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- van der Voort, L. H. M. Rouppe, et al.
(författare)
-
High-resolution observations of the solar photosphere, chromosphere, and transition region : A database of coordinated IRIS and SST observations
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 641
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NASA’s Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) provides high-resolution observations of the solar atmosphere through ultraviolet spectroscopy and imaging. Since the launch of IRIS in June 2013, we have conducted systematic observation campaigns in coordination with the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope (SST) on La Palma. The SST provides complementary high-resolution observations of the photosphere and chromosphere. The SST observations include spectropolarimetric imaging in photospheric Fe I lines and spectrally resolved imaging in the chromospheric Ca II 8542 Å, Hα, and Ca II K lines. We present a database of co-aligned IRIS and SST datasets that is open for analysis to the scientific community. The database covers a variety of targets including active regions, sunspots, plages, the quiet Sun, and coronal holes.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Fennell, David A., et al.
(författare)
-
Tourism, animals & the vacant niche : a scoping review and pedagogical agenda
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Current Issues in Tourism. - : Routledge. - 1368-3500 .- 1747-7603. ; , s. 1-29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The topic of animal ethics has advanced in tourism studies since its inception in 2000, based on a diverse range of studies on species involvement, types of uses and contexts, level of engagement, states of animals, and theoretical perspectives. While there is still considerable scope to amplify research on animal-based tourism, a gap exists in tourism pedagogy amidst the field’s emphasis on a new expanding consciousness platform. We review the depth of existing scholarship on animal ethics in tourism and develop an agenda for advancing animal ethics pedagogy for the future. Our intent is to issue a call to action for curriculum committees, programme administrators, and educators to recognise and act on this critical moral domain in tourism education.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- van Vliet, N., et al.
(författare)
-
Immediate effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of wildlife as food among indigenous people and local communities in South America
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 27:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has had a range of effects on the environment and particularly on wildlife, through diverse and sometimes contradictory impact pathways. In this study, based on data collected among indigenous people and local communities from South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, and Peru), we investigated changes in the use of wildlife resources for food during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study generated unique data collected from 756 households in 60 communities and nine sites. We confirm the hypothesis that wildlife use increased as a short-term response to food insecurity during the pandemic, and fish played a more significant role than wild meat in that endeavor. The increase in wild-meat consumption as a response to food insecurity was conditioned by prices and availability (unsuccessful hunts). Wildlife use did not increase as an alternative means to generate income, because communities were cut off from the market economy for several months. Also, whereas the reliance on wildlife emerged as an immediate solution during the first months of the crisis, longer-term strategies prioritized at household level involved diversifying food sources through domestic meat and crop production. Among all available animal-based proteins, local chicken came just after fish as the animal-based source of protein whose consumption increased the most during the first months of the crisis, as a response to food insecurity. We caution that relying on wildlife as a safety net may constitute a poverty trap in cases where the resource is depleted. Although not specifically studied here, access to land and the transmission of traditional knowledge/skills are possible additional determinants of the role that wildlife may play in times of crisis, and this is proposed as an area for future research. Results also attest to local communities expecting more support from their respective national governments, and confirm results from Walters et al. (2021) that governments were generally absent or unable to react quickly during the pandemic, leaving households (or their local leaders) with the responsibility to innovate with local solutions and pro-actively adapt to the rapid impacts of the crisis.
|
|
| 12. |
- Hernández-González, Juan S., et al.
(författare)
-
Petrology and geochemistry of high-Al chromitites from the Medellín Metaharzburgitic Unit (MMU), Colombia
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana. - : Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. - 1405-3322 .- 1405-3322. ; 72:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Medellin Metaharzburgitic Unit (MMU), emplaced onto the western continental margin of Pangea during Triassic time, is located in the Central Cordillera of Colombia and consists of metaharzburgites, minor metadunites and chromitite bodies (Patio Bonito and San Pedro ore deposits). The ultramafic rocks contain relicts of mantle-derived olivine, chromian spinel and minor orthopyroxene, and a later metamorphic mineral assemblage composed by tremolite, chlorite, talc, fine-grained recrystallized olivine, serpentine-group minerals, magnetite, and secondary chromian spinel, formed during the thermal evolution of the unit. The Cr# [Cr/(Cr+Al) atomic ratio] of the accessory primary chromian spinel in the metaperidotites ranges from 0.58 to 0.62 and overlaps those of supra-subduction peridotites from ophiolites. According to textural and compositional variations, the accessory chromian spinel in the metaperidotites can be classified into three groups: i) partially altered chromian spinel with an Al-rich core, ii) porous, Cr-Fe2+-enriched and Al-Mg-depleted chromian spinel, and iii) homogeneous Fe3+-rich chromian spinel. These variations can be related to superimposed medium-T metamorphism that reached amphibolite facies (ca. 600 ºC). Chromitite bodies associated with the metaperidotites have massive and semi-massive textures, and mainly consist of chromian spinel crystals, which show large unaltered cores surrounded by thin alteration rims of ferrian chromian spinel and chlorite. Chromitites are Al-rich (#Cr <0.6) and strongly depleted in platinum group elements (ΣPGE <41 ppb). The primary petrological and geochemical characteristics preserved in the metaperidotites and chromitites indicate that the MMU formed at shallow levels of a suboceanic lithospheric mantle related to a supra-subduction zone (back-arc basin/incipient arc scenario), and that the chromitites crystallized from a tholeiitic magma (back-arc basin basalt type).
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Johnson, Graham T., et al.
(författare)
-
Building the next generation of virtual cells to understand cellular biology
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Biophysical Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 122:18, s. 3560-3569
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell science has made significant progress by focusing on understanding individual cellular processes through reductionist approaches. However, the sheer volume of knowledge collected presents challenges in integrating this information across different scales of space and time to comprehend cellular behaviors, as well as making the data and methods more accessible for the community to tackle complex biological questions. This perspective proposes the creation of next-generation virtual cells, which are dynamic 3D models that integrate information from diverse sources, including simulations, biophysical models, image-based models, and evidence-based knowledge graphs. These virtual cells would provide statistically accurate and holistic views of real cells, bridging the gap between theoretical concepts and experimental data, and facilitating productive new collaborations among researchers across related fields.
|
|
| 18. |
- Martins, Inês S., et al.
(författare)
-
Widespread shifts in body size within populations and assemblages
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 381:6662, s. 1067-1071
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biotic responses to global change include directional shifts in organismal traits. Body size, an integrative trait that determines demographic rates and ecosystem functions, is thought to be shrinking in the Anthropocene. Here, we assessed the prevalence of body size change in six taxon groups across 5025 assemblage time series spanning 1960 to 2020. Using the Price equation to partition this change into within-species body size versus compositional changes, we detected prevailing decreases in body size through time driven primarily by fish, with more variable patterns in other taxa. We found that change in assemblage composition contributes more to body size changes than within-species trends, but both components show substantial variation in magnitude and direction. The biomass of assemblages remains quite stable as decreases in body size trade off with increases in abundance.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Rosu, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
-
New insight into the massive eccentric binary HD 165052 : self-consistent orbital solution, apsidal motion, and fundamental parameters
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 521:2, s. 2988-3003
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HD 165052 is a short-period massive eccentric binary system that undergoes apsidal motion. As the rate of apsidal motion is directly related to the internal structure constants of the binary components, its study allows getting insight into the internal structure of the stars. We use medium- and high-resolution spectroscopic observations of HD 165052 to provide constraints on the fundamental properties of the binary system and the evolutionary state of its components. We apply a spectral disentangling code to reconstruct artefact-free spectra of the individual stars and derive the radial velocities (RVs) at the times of the observations. We perform the first analysis of the disentangled spectra with the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium model atmosphere code CMFGEN to determine the stellar properties. We derive the first self-consistent orbital solution of all existing RV data, including those reported in the literature, accounting for apsidal motion. We build, for the very first time, dedicated stellar evolution tracks with the Cles code requesting the theoretical effective temperatures and luminosities to match those obtained from our spectroscopic analysis. The binary system HD 165052, consisting of an O6.5 V((f)) primary (T-eff,T-P = 37 500 +/- 1000 K) and an O7 V((f)) secondary (T-eff,T-S = 36 000 +/- 1000 K), displays apsidal motion at a rate of (11.30(-0.49)(+0.64))degrees yr(-1). Evolutionary masses are compared to minimum dynamical masses to constrain the orbital inclination. Evolutionary masses M-ev,M-P = 24.8 +/- 1.0 M-circle dot and M-ev,M-S = 20.9 +/- 1.0 M-circle dot and radii R-ev,R-P = 7.0(-0.4)(+0.5) R-circle dot and R-ev,R-S = 6.2(-0.3)(+0.4) R-circle dot are derived, and the inclination is constrained to 22.1 degrees <= i <= 23.3 degrees. Theoretical apsidal motion rates, derived assuming an age of 2.0 +/- 0.5 Myr for the binary, are in agreement with the observational determination. The agreement with theoretical apsidal motion rates enforces the inferred values of the evolutionary stellar masses and radii.
|
|
| 21. |
- Solanki, AK, et al.
(författare)
-
Cobalt containing glass fibres and their synergistic effect on the HIF-1 pathway for wound healing applications
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-4185. ; 11, s. 1125060-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and Methods: Chronic wounds are a major healthcare problem, but their healing may be improved by developing biomaterials which can stimulate angiogenesis, e.g. by activating the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) pathway. Here, novel glass fibres were produced by laser spinning. The hypothesis was that silicate glass fibres that deliver cobalt ions will activate the HIF pathway and promote the expression of angiogenic genes. The glass composition was designed to biodegrade and release ions, but not form a hydroxyapatite layer in body fluid.Results and Discussion: Dissolution studies demonstrated that hydroxyapatite did not form. When keratinocyte cells were exposed to conditioned media from the cobalt-containing glass fibres, significantly higher amounts of HIF-1α and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) were measured compared to when the cells were exposed to media with equivalent amounts of cobalt chloride. This was attributed to a synergistic effect of the combination of cobalt and other therapeutic ions released from the glass. The effect was also much greater than the sum of HIF-1α and VEGF expression when the cells were cultured with cobalt ions and with dissolution products from the Co-free glass, and was proven to not be due to a rise in pH. The ability of the glass fibres to activate the HIF-1 pathway and promote VEGF expression shows the potential for their use in chronic wound dressings.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
