| 1. |
- Dokter, Giliam, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Cards for Circularity (CFC): Reflections on the use of a card-based circular design tool in design education
- 2022
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 1078:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transition to a Circular Economy (CE) requires designers to, more than ever, concurrently develop a circular design, supply chain and business model, and anticipate how products and buildings function over time. To address these challenges, recent studies identified specific knowledge and competencies for designers. However, it remains unknown to what extent future designers (students) are prepared to address the CE in design practice. Therefore, this study investigates how architecture students currently interpret the CE concept and whether that aligns with how they apply the concept in a design assignment. For two years, a workshop was organized with a total of 320 architecture students. The students utilized a card-based circular design tool to conceptualise circular solutions for cases varying in scale and context. According to the students, the main challenge of design for a CE relates to holistic perspectives and systems thinking. The students associate the CE strongly with the reuse of existing (waste) materials, yet results of the design assignment show holistic and diverse approaches of incorporating CE principles. The study identified slight discrepancies between experienced challenges and reported necessary knowledge of designing for a CE, which could relate to the changing role of architects in a CE.
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| 2. |
- Dokter, Giliam, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Cards for circularity: Towards circular design in practice
- 2020
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 588:1.11-1.14
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transition towards a Circular Economy (CE) in the built environment is crucial to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Theoretical frameworks and methods for circular design have been developed. Yet, there is a lack of knowledge on circular design in practice and how circular design thinking can be supported. This study aims to provide insights on circular design in practice and how this can be supported through circular design methods. First, we reviewed existing circular design methods and developed a card-based circular design tool. Next, an interactive survey and design workshop using the tool was carried out with 12 design experts to gather knowledge on circular design in practice. Finally, we derive key learnings that can support the development of circular design methods and advancement of CE in practice. Overall, circular design remains highly conceptual and is challenging due to the interconnectedness of parameters and temporal aspects such as product life cycle. Designers need ways of educating and convincing stakeholders on the value and feasibility of circular design.Advancing the CE in practice requires circular design methods that help to contextualize the design process and reduce complexity, and examples are needed of how CE can be implemented in practice.
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| 3. |
- Dokter, Giliam, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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How circular is current design practice? Investigating perspectives across industrial design and architecture in the transition towards a circular economy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 26, s. 692-708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transition to a circular economy (CE) produces a range of new challenges for designers and requires specific knowledge, strategies, and methods. To date, most studies regarding design for a CE have been theoretical and conceptual, hence, limited research has been conducted on the practical implications of designing for a CE. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a better understanding of how design practitioners interpret and implement the CE concept in practice. To capture the complexity of real-world cases, semi-structured interviews were carried out with design practitioners (N = 12) within the disciplines of architecture and industrial design who have actively worked with circularity in a design agency setting. The results show that the practitioners have diverse perspectives on designing for a CE, relating to (1) the circular design process, (2) the effects of the CE on design agencies, (3) the changing role of the designer, and (4) the external factors affecting circular design in practice. Some differences were identified between the architects and industrial designers, with the industrial designers more strongly focused on circular business models and the architects on the reuse of materials on a building level. In addition, circular strategies and associated (similar) terminologies were understood and applied in fundamentally different ways. As the CE blurs boundaries of scale and disciplines, there is a need for universal design frameworks and language. The CE concept is expanding the scope of the design process and driving the integration of new knowledge fields and skills in the design process. The successful implementation of the CE in practice is based on extensive collaboration with stakeholders and experts throughout all stages of the design process. Design agencies have addressed the CE by establishing dedicated CE research and design teams, facilitating knowledge exchange, developing their own circular strategies and methods, and striving for long-term client relationships that foster the engagement of designers with the lifecycles of designed artefacts rather than perceiving design projects as temporary endeavors. Ultimately, a holistic and integral approach towards design in a CE is needed to ensure that the underlying CE goals of contributing to sustainable development and establishing a systemic shift are ongoingly considered.
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| 4. |
- Dokter, Giliam, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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The role of prototyping and co-creation in circular economy-oriented innovation: A longitudinal case study in the kitchen industry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - 2352-5509. ; 39, s. 230-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To bridge the gap between the conceptualisation and implementation of circular value propositions, recent research efforts have focused on linking design-driven approaches with circular-oriented innovation. Such approaches can facilitate iterative processes that emphasise co-creation, prototyping, and real-life experimentation, ultimately promoting practical implementation. Still, there is a lack of understanding how companies go through the process of circular-oriented innovation, and how prototyping and co-creation support this process. This article presents a longitudinal case study of a four-year research project in which two academic teams, from Sweden and the Netherlands, collaborated with industrial partners to explore the potential of circular economy principles within the kitchen industry and develop a market-ready circular kitchen. The results indicate that prototyping plays a supportive role in the circular-oriented innovation process by making the concept of a circular economy tangible for stakeholders, facilitating knowledge exchange, and supporting overall developments towards collaborative circular supply chains. However, prototyping too early in the process linked to project deliverables carries a risk for ‘prototype fixation’, fragmented solutions, and missed opportunities for shared value creation. Co-creation was found particularly impactful during the early stages of circular-oriented innovation where it helped guide the project, enabled shared learning, built confidence and commitment amongst stakeholders, and supported the development of solutions tailored to demands of parties involved. The case study provides deeper insights on the role of prototyping and co-creation through diverse stages of the circular-oriented innovation process and extracts several lessons that might aid researchers and practitioners to navigate future circular-oriented innovation endeavours.
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| 5. |
- Hagejärd, Sofie, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Designing for Circularity—Addressing Product Design, Consumption Practices and Resource Flows in Domestic Kitchens
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both the daily use and renewal of kitchens significantly contribute to the overall environmental impact of domestic buildings. To identify design implications related to circular consumption in domestic kitchens, 20 household interviews and one focus group session were performed, investigating how kitchens are used and transformed to meet households’ wants and needs. This study determined that daily kitchen resource use is greatly affected by kitchen design and that typical kitchen design generally does not promote sustainable resource use. Key factors that support minimization of resource use in the kitchen are the availability and planning of storage and workspaces. Furthermore, kitchens should be equipped with functions that enable households to use energy and water efficiently. Regarding kitchen renewal, various motivations that may initiate kitchen renovations can be summarised as follows: (1) Functional demands and changing needs, (2) aesthetic demands and changing trends, (3) obsolescence due to wear, and (4) linkage to another home renovation. This article concludes that a combination of design strategies is needed to reach a higher level of kitchen circularity. Moreover, these design strategies must be accompanied by circular business models and efforts to increase awareness of the environmental impact related to activities in and involving the kitchen.
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| 6. |
- Hagejärd, Sofie, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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“It's never telling me that I'm good!” Household experiences of testing a smart home energy management system with a personal threshold on energy use in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energy Research and Social Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-6296. ; 98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although smart technologies are widely promoted as enabling flexibility in households' energy demand, they often fail to achieve substantial impact. How smart technologies are actually used and to what extent they enable changes of energy-reliant practices in everyday life therefore needs to be better understood. This paper evaluates a smart home energy management system, Ero 2.0, which was tested by households in a multi-residential building in Sweden. To our knowledge, apart from its forerunner, Ero 2.0 is the first of its kind to include a personal threshold on energy use varying with the availability of preferred energy sources. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants, complemented by pre and post surveys, answered by 39 and 32 participants respectively. Overall, Ero 2.0 contributed to raised awareness regarding electricity and water use. To some extent, it also contributed to changes in practices, mainly through changed or reduced use of certain functions. However, it was less effective in enabling shifting practices in time. Difficulties to change practices were found to depend on: (1) lack of flexibility in everyday life, (2) limitations in size and layout of the dwelling, (3) lack of incentives and perceived impact, (4) lack of guidance and (5) lack of possibilities to control devices through the interface. The second point is an aspect that to date has received little attention in smart energy research. Design opportunities for future smart home energy management systems are discussed while acknowledging that such technologies cannot alone achieve the transition to more sustainable energy systems.
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| 7. |
- Hagejärd, Sofie, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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My apartment is cold! Household perceptions of indoor climate and demand-side management in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy Research and Social Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-6296. ; 73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Space heating represents a major share of a households’ total energy consumption and related CO2 emissions. An approach often suggested to improve both the environmental and economic performance of the energy system is demand-side management. However, there has been little research into how households perceive load shifting in space heating. This paper evaluates the thermal perception among tenants in 33 multi-residential buildings connected to district heating in Sweden. Centrally controlled load shifts were applied in eight of these buildings during a two-week trial in early winter. The participants recorded their thermal sensation and thermal satisfaction in a diary, supplemented by opening and closing surveys. The results indicated that indoor temperatures at home were generally experienced as being low, especially in the morning. Control over heating was regarded as insufficient. No statistically significant difference in thermal sensation and satisfaction between days with and without load shifts was identified. However, after the trial, significantly fewer participants than before were willing to accept greater temperature variations to save energy. The study further highlights four factors that may influence the perception and acceptance of demand-side management in residential space heating: (1) set indoor climate conditions, (2) timing and magnitude of load shifts, (3) individual control and (4) communication.
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| 8. |
- Haghgoo, Maliheh, et al.
(författare)
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A cloud-based service-oriented architecture to unlock smart energy services
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy Informatics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2520-8942. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a modern smart energy system with increased penetration of renewable energy resources, the amount of data from various sources is growing significantly. Such systems require complex algorithms and controlling on-demand. These requirements can be addressed with on-demand scalability and a stable system. Nowadays, on-demand scalability is achieved by considering cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. This paper presents a cloud-based platform based on service-oriented architecture to perform analyzes on smart energy system services. It is the result of the European FISMEP (FIWARE for Smart Energy Platform) project to demonstrate an information and communication technology (ICT) architecture for the smart energy sector. The presented architecture is powered by FIWARE, open-source and customizable building blocks for future internet applications and services. Furthermore, the feasibility of the architecture is evaluated using various test cases.
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| 9. |
- Haghgoo, Maliheh, et al.
(författare)
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Open Smart Energy Eco-System for the Future
- 2020
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 588:2
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the increasing complexity of the global energy system and the amount of data transmitted by smart devices, there is an urgent need to unlock smart technologies and services with investments on the scalability of computational resources. This objective can be achieved by means of a standardized software platform that can support interoperability and behave as the main vehicle for the rapid implementation of innovative energy services. One possibility to enhance computational power on demand is cloud computing, which forms the Internet of Things (IoT). In this work, a customizable open-source IoT platform setup using the FIWARE framework is deployed, which exploits the advantages for a smart energy domain. The term platform comprehends a set of software tools that allow quick integration of various devices. This study presents the implemented platform and analyses its functionality in di↵erent use cases on the European level.
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| 10. |
- Jin, Quan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of indoor environmental quality and workspace design on employees’ health and work performance
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Transdisciplinary Workplace Research (TWR) Conference 2020. ; , s. 396-403
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human health and well-being have gained growing attention in the societal debate as well as in research. It is widely acknowledged that employees’ health and well-being contribute to a decent work environment which can positively contribute to economic benefits for the employers, the social-welfare and health system as well as the building owners. However, the office environment is complex and constitutes of various factors affecting employees’ health and well-being, for example, indoor climate, architectural design, and social work environment. Therefore, this paper will focus on indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and workplace design, and their influence on employees’ health and work performance. A multi-disciplinary approach is developed integrating the subjective survey, semi-structured interview, and physical measurement for an in-depth investigation of the physical office environment and employees’ self-reported health and work performance. A large office building with BREEAM certification has been studied at the end of summer in 2019. In total, 160 employees were involved by an online-based survey and individual interview and workshop. The main aspects of IEQ were measured, including the thermal environment, air quality, acoustic and lighting. The correlations between IEQ and workspace design factors and 5-symptom based self-reported health and self-reported work performance concerning self-evaluation and leader’s feedback were studied. Results show that physical office environment shows a large association with self-reported health and self-reported work performance. IEQ factors of air quality and relative humidity are significantly correlated with PSI. Size of individual workspace and aesthetic appearance of the office gain the highest correlation with self-reported health status among the factors of workspace design. Noise and artificial lights are studied to be significantly associated with work performance, and distance between work desks is largely associated with work performance. Considering the needs of employees on the physical office environment, air temperature, air quality and availability to work concentrated still underperform but perceived as highly important by the employees. The study made efforts to study the complex factors existing in the office environment with a multi-disciplinary approach, which can be utilized in other case studies to evaluate office environment and identify the key factors. Thus, the study made it possible to review and compare the influence of physical environment factors affecting employees’ health and well-being. The data collected will contribute to an office database which is under development by the authors.
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| 11. |
- Ollár, Anita, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Foresights from the Swedish Kitchen: Four Circular Value Opportunities for the Built Environment
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the kitchen as one relevant part of the home that is highly affected by frequent replacements, renovations, and a short service life. The aim is to discern circular value opportunities for the built environment by examining stakeholder activities and the value proposition associated with Swedish kitchens. The paper answers the research question ‘Which aspects in stakeholders’ value proposition of kitchens might contribute to future circular housing design?’. The empirical material was collected through a workshop, interviews, and a focus group session. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis while applying value mapping as an analytical framework. Four opportunities for circularity were identified: (1) aligning spatial and product design for a circular economy, (2) considering end-user perspectives and demands, (3) formulating regulations informed by research, and (4) developing circular products and services through collaboration. While some of these opportunities have already been emphasised in previous literature, the most distinct contribution of this paper is that it reveals the importance of spatial parameters when transitioning towards a circular housing design. The methods and results of this paper may be adapted to various building components to create a system-level circular economy in the built environment.
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| 12. |
- Ollár, Anita, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Is there a need for new kitchen design? Assessing the adaptative capacity of space to enable circularity in multiresidential buildings
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers of Architectural Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 2095-2635. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to contribute to the development of spatial criteria for adaptive capacity, which is identified as one important factor for the transition towards more circular housing design. The paper focuses on the kitchen, as an important function of the home which is connected to large resource flows and is exposed to frequent renovations and replacements. This paper identifies spatial characteristics of the kitchen and evaluates their potential to accommodate circular solutions focusing on adaptive capacity. As a first step, previous literature on the spatial characteristics of kitchens and indicators that support adaptability is reviewed. These are then used to develop an analytical framework to assess the adaptive capacity and circularity potential of 3624 kitchens in contemporary Swedish apartments. A qualitative approach in combination with quantitative methods is employed to analyse the selected sample. The main contributions of this paper include its spatial analytical framework, its descriptive presentation of contemporary kitchen and apartment designs, and its adaptive capacity assessment of the studied kitchens. The results point out that although the over-capacity of the floor area of kitchens and apartments can have significance for adaptability, it is not the only determinative spatial characteristics. The windows' location and distribution, the number of door openings and traffic zones, the shafts’ location and accessibility from multiple rooms, the room typology and the kitchen typology can improve the adaptive capacity and circularity potential of kitchens and dwellings. The findings show that in contemporary floorplans advantageous design solutions connected to the identified spatial characteristics are not applied in a systematic way. Further research is necessary to define the exact measures of the individual spatial characteristics and their combined application in multiresidential floorplan design.
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