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| 2. |
- Arslanian, B., et al.
(författare)
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Forearm Bier Block A New Regional Anesthetic Technique for Upper Extremity Surgery
- 2014
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Ingår i: Annals of Plastic Surgery. - 0148-7043. ; 73:2, s. 156-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This study aimed to introduce the technique and results of a forearm Bier block for upper extremity surgery. Introduction: Various techniques of anesthesia are used for hand surgery. Intravenous regional anesthesia, the Bier block, is an effective anesthetic technique. However, there exist several disadvantages and potential complications. We present our technique and results using the forearm Bier block. Materials and Method: A retrospective review was performed studying our experience using forearm Bier block from May to December of 2010. The technique involves exsanguination of the forearm and inflation of a pneumatic tourniquet placed distal to the elbow joint. Twenty-five milliliter of 0.5% lidocaine is injected intravenously. One hundred five patients underwent hand surgery using this technique. There were 53 females and 52 males with a median age of 56 years. In total, 121 procedures were performed. Patients were interviewed by telephone 24 hours postoperatively. Results: All patients received adequate anesthesia from the block. There were no intraoperative and no postoperative complications. There were no mechanical or tourniquet problems. Average tourniquet time was 10.1 minutes. Total operating time was less than 30 minutes. Discussion: Forearm Bier block presents several advantages over standard upper arm technique. Conventional Bier block involves a double tourniquet and a significant amount of lidocaine, which has potential cardiac and neurologic toxicity. Consequently, minimum tourniquet inflation time is 30 minutes. The dosage of lidocaine needed to provide analgesia using the forearm Bier block is significantly reduced, thereby minimizing the potential for these complications. This lower dose allows for shorter tourniquet time rather than the standard 30 minutes. This shorter tourniquet time in itself presents several advantages. Tourniquet pain and risk of ischemic problems are minimized, and efficiency is increased. This efficiency has practical and financial implications such as decreased total operating and recovery room times, decreased cost of medicines, and decreased operating time for the surgeon. Lastly, this technique might also be used for lower extremity surgeries. Conclusions: Forearm Bier block is a safe and efficient method for upper extremity surgery. It significantly reduces the risk of complications and increases the efficiency of the surgeon and surgery facility.
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| 3. |
- Cryan, James P., et al.
(författare)
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Auger Electron Angular Distribution of Double Core-Hole States in the Molecular Reference Frame
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 105:8, s. 083004-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Linac Coherent Light Source free electron laser is a source of high brightness x rays, 2×1011 photons in a ∼5 fs pulse, that can be focused to produce double core vacancies through rapid sequential ionization. This enables double core vacancy Auger electron spectroscopy, an entirely new way to study femtosecond chemical dynamics with Auger electrons that probe the local valence structure of molecules near a specific atomic core. Using 1.1 keV photons for sequential x-ray ionization of impulsively aligned molecular nitrogen, we observed a rich single-site double core vacancy Auger electron spectrum near 413 eV, in good agreement with ab initio calculations, and we measured the corresponding Auger electron angle dependence in the molecular frame.
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| 4. |
- Cryan, J P, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular frame Auger electron energy spectrum from N2
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics B. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 45:5, s. 055601-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we present the first angle-resolved, non-resonant (normal) Auger spectra for impulsively aligned nitrogen molecules. We have measured the angular pattern of Auger electron emission following K -shell photoionization by 1.1 keV photons from the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). Using strong-field-induced molecular alignment to make molecular frame measurements is equally effective for both repulsive and quasi-bound final states. The capability to resolve Auger emission angular distributions in the molecular frame of reference provides a new tool for spectral assignments in congested Auger electron spectra that takes advantage of the symmetries of the final diction states. Based on our experimental results and theoretical predictions, we propose the assignment of the spectral features in the Auger electron spectrum.
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| 5. |
- Glownia, James M., et al.
(författare)
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Time-resolved pump-probe experiments at the LCLS
- 2010
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 18:17, s. 17620-17630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first time-resolved x-ray/optical pump-probe experiments at the SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) used a combination of feedback methods and post-analysis binning techniques to synchronize an ultrafast optical laser to the linac-based x-ray laser. Transient molecular nitrogen alignment revival features were resolved in time-dependent x-ray-induced fragmentation spectra. These alignment features were used to find the temporal overlap of the pump and probe pulses. The strong-field dissociation of x-ray generated quasi-bound molecular dications was used to establish the residual timing jitter. This analysis shows that the relative arrival time of the Ti:Sapphire laser and the x-ray pulses had a distribution with a standard deviation of approximately 120 fs. The largest contribution to the jitter noise spectrum was the locking of the laser oscillator to the reference RF of the accelerator, which suggests that simple technical improvements could reduce the jitter to better than 50 fs.
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| 6. |
- Sathyamoorthy, Sankar Raman, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Quantum Nondemolition Detection of a Propagating Microwave Photon
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 112:9, s. art. no. 093601-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to nondestructively detect the presence of a single, traveling photon has been a long-standing goal in optics, with applications in quantum information and measurement. Realizing such a detector is complicated by the fact that photon-photon interactions are typically very weak. At microwave frequencies, very strong effective photon-photon interactions in a waveguide have recently been demonstrated. Here we show how this type of interaction can be used to realize a quantum nondemolition measurement of a single propagating microwave photon. The scheme we propose uses a chain of solid-state three-level systems (transmons) cascaded through circulators which suppress photon backscattering. Our theoretical analysis shows that microwave-photon detection with fidelity around 90% can be realized with existing technologies.
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| 7. |
- Tinetti, Giovanna, et al.
(författare)
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The science of EChO
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. - 1743-9213 .- 1743-9221. ; 6:S276, s. 359-370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The science of extra-solar planets is one of the most rapidly changing areas of astrophysics and since 1995 the number of planets known has increased by almost two orders of magnitude. A combination of ground-based surveys and dedicated space missions has resulted in 560-plus planets being detected, and over 1200 that await confirmation. NASA's Kepler mission has opened up the possibility of discovering Earth-like planets in the habitable zone around some of the 100,000 stars it is surveying during its 3 to 4-year lifetime. The new ESA's Gaia mission is expected to discover thousands of new planets around stars within 200 parsecs of the Sun. The key challenge now is moving on from discovery, important though that remains, to characterisation: what are these planets actually like, and why are they as they are In the past ten years, we have learned how to obtain the first spectra of exoplanets using transit transmission and emission spectroscopy. With the high stability of Spitzer, Hubble, and large ground-based telescopes the spectra of bright close-in massive planets can be obtained and species like water vapour, methane, carbon monoxide and dioxide have been detected. With transit science came the first tangible remote sensing of these planetary bodies and so one can start to extrapolate from what has been learnt from Solar System probes to what one might plan to learn about their faraway siblings. As we learn more about the atmospheres, surfaces and near-surfaces of these remote bodies, we will begin to build up a clearer picture of their construction, history and suitability for life. The Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory, EChO, will be the first dedicated mission to investigate the physics and chemistry of Exoplanetary Atmospheres. By characterising spectroscopically more bodies in different environments we will take detailed planetology out of the Solar System and into the Galaxy as a whole. EChO has now been selected by the European Space Agency to be assessed as one of four M3 mission candidates. © International Astronomical Union 2011.
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| 8. |
- Yusuf, D, et al.
(författare)
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The transcription factor encyclopedia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906. ; 13:3, s. R24-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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