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- Gunnell, D, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between premorbid intellectual performance, early-life exposures and early-onset schizophrenia. Cohort study
- 2002
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 181, s. 298-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impaired intellectual performance is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia.AimsTo investigate whether this association is due to the influence of prenatal and early childhood exposures on both intellectual development and the risk of schizophrenia.MethodCohort of 197 613 Swedish male conscripts with linked birth, census and hospital admission data together with five measures of verbal and non-verbal intellectual performance recorded at conscription. Results 109 643 subjects had complete data; over a mean 5-year follow-up, 60 developed schizophrenia and 92 developed other non-affective psychoses. Poor scores for each of the five tests were associated with 3-to 14-fold increased risk of psychosis, particularly schizophrenia. Controlling for birth-related exposures, including birth weight, and parental education did not attenuate these associations.Results109 643 subjects had complete data; over amean 5-year follow-up,60 developed schizophrenia and 92 developed other non-affective psychoses. Poor scores for each of the five testswere associatedwith 3-to 14-foldincreasedrisk of psychosis, particularly schizophrenia. Controlling for birth-related exposures, including birthweight, and parental education didnot attenuate these associations.ConclusionsPoor intellectual performance at 18 years of age is associated with early-onset psychotic disorder. Associations do not appear to be confounded by prenatal adversity or childhood circumstances, as indexed by parental education.
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- Harrison, G, et al.
(författare)
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Association between psychotic disorder and urban place of birth is not mediated by obstetric complications or childhood socio-economic position: a cohort study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Psychological medicine. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 33:4, s. 723-731
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Although urban place of birth has been identified as a risk factor for schizophrenia, the extent to which this association is mediated by socially patterned risk factors such as obstetric complications and childhood socio-economic position is unclear. The diagnostic specificity of the association within the clinical psychotic syndromes is also unclear.Method. A population cohort of 696025 males and females, born in Sweden between 1973 and 1980 and with linked birth and socio-economic data was followed up from age 16 for up to 9·8 years. Hospitalized cases of schizophrenia and other non-affective psychosis were identified from the Swedish Inpatient Discharge Register. We examined associations of these disorders with a three-level measure of urbanicity of birthplace before and after controlling for measures of foetal nutrition, obstetric complications and level of maternal education.Results. Urban compared to rural birthplace was associated both with increased risk of adult onset schizophrenia (hazard ratio 1·34, CI 0·91–1·96) and other non-affective psychoses (hazard ratio 1·63, CI 1·18–2·26). None of these associations was greatly affected by adjustment for obstetric complications or maternal educational level. In the group of other non-affective psychoses urban–rural differences in disease risk were strongest among those born in the winter months.Conclusion. Urbanization of birthplace is associated with increased risk of non-affective psychosis but this is not confined to narrowly defined cases. The magnitude of the association in Sweden is lower than that reported in other studies. Causal factors underlying this association appear to operate independently of risks associated with obstetric complications and parental educational status.
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- Laegsgaard, E, et al.
(författare)
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A high-pressure scanning tunneling microscope
- 2001
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 72:9, s. 3537-3542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the design and performance of a high-pressure scanning tunneling microscope (HP-STM), which allows atom-resolved imaging of metal surfaces at pressures ranging from ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) to atmospheric pressures (1 x 10(-10)-1000 mbar) on a routine basis. The HP-STM is integrated in a gold-plated high-pressure cell with a volume of only similar to0.5 l, which is attached directly to an UHV preparation/analysis chamber. The latter facilitates quick sample transfer between the UHV chamber and the high-pressure cell, and allows for in situ chemical and structural analysis by a number of analytical UHV techniques incorporated in the UHV chamber. Reactant gases are admitted to the high-pressure cell via a dedicated gas handling system, which includes several stages of gas purification. The use of ultrapure gasses is essential when working at high pressures in order to achieve well-defined experimental conditions. The latter is demonstrated in the case of H/Cu(110) at atmospheric H-2 pressures where impurity-related structures were observed. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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- Lindberg, F, et al.
(författare)
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Coagulation activation after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in spite of thromboembolism prophylaxis.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Surgical Endoscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-2794 .- 1432-2218. ; 14:9, s. 858-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), in spite of its minimally invasive nature, causes coagulation activation.METHODS: Sixty-four patients undergoing LC were included prospectively. All received either dextran or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). Blood samples taken the morning of the operation and the following morning were analyzed for TAT, FM, fragment 1+2, tPA, PAI-1, vWf, D-dimer, Hb, hematocrit, and APC resistance.RESULTS: Significant increases in TAT, FM, fragment 1+2, and D-dimer were seen, whereas APC resistance, Hb, and hematocrit decreased significantly. Dextran led to a decrease in vWf and no change in tPA, whereas LMWH led to an increase in both these parameters.CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy causes coagulation activation. There are differences in the response between patients receiving dextran and LMWH as thromboembolism prophylaxis. Since most patients are discharged the day after the operation, there could be practical as well as theoretical advantages to using dextran.
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- Lindberg, F, et al.
(författare)
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Renal hemodynamics during carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum : an experimental study in pigs.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Surgical Endoscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-2794 .- 1432-2218. ; 17:3, s. 480-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy is increasingly being performed, although the effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum (CO2 PP) on renal function and hemodynamics and the levels of vasopressin are not well studied.METHODS: Renal blood flow, renal venous pressure, urine output, and vasopressin concentrations in renal venous blood were measured in pigs subjected to 12 mmHg of CO2 PP for 150 min.RESULTS: Renal blood flow was decreased at induction of PP and increased during the first 30 min after exsufflation. Renal venous pressure was increased during PP. There was indirect evidence of a decrease in urine output during PP. No changes in renal venous vasopressin concentrations were seen.CONCLUSION: A CO2 PP of 12 mmHg causes changes in renal hemodynamics and urine output. No changes in vasopressin levels were seen in this pig model, suggesting that other explanations for the observed changes must be sought.
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- Nilsson, P M, et al.
(författare)
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Fetal growth predicts stress susceptibility independent of parental education in 161 991 adolescent Swedish male conscripts.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 1470-2738 .- 0143-005X. ; 58:7, s. 571-573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychosocial stress could lead to a wide range of possible physiological reactions, due to both the total burden of stress as well as individual susceptibility. Two useful Swedish registers to investigate early life influences on stress susceptibility are the Swedish Medical Birth Register (MBR) and the Military Service Conscription Register (MSCR). In a previous study we showed a positive relation between fetal growth and psychological functioning (PF) including an assessment of stress susceptibility.1 However, in that study we did not adjust for family social class—nor did another related study.2 We have therefore now carried out such an analysis in an expanded cohort study, by adding parental educational level as a marker of family social class. The aim was to investigate independent associations between fetal growth and stress susceptibility in young men.
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- Österlund, Lars, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging the pressure gap in surface science at the atomic level : H/Cu(110)
- 2001
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 86:3, s. 460-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structural response of the Cu(110) surface to H-2 gas pressures ranging from 10(-13) to 1 bar is studied using a novel high-pressure scanning tunneling microscope (HP-STM). We find that at H-2 pressures larger than 2 mbar the Cu(110) surface reconstructs into the (1 X 2) "missing-row" structure. From a quantitative analysis of the pressure dependence of the surface reconstruction, we conclude that Cu(110) responds identically to hydrogen at ultrahigh vacuum conditions and at atmospheric pressures. From the HP-STM data, we extract refined values for the adsorption and desorption rate constants.
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