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- Décréau, P.M.E. , Fergeau, P., Krasnosels'kikh, V., Le Guirriec, E., Lévêque , M., Martin, Ph. , Randriamboarison, O., Rauch, J. L., Sené, F. X., Séran, H. C., Trotignon, J.G. , Canu, P., Cornilleau, N., de Féraudy, H., Alleyne, H. , Yearby, K., Mögensen
(författare)
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Early results from the Whisper instrument on Cluster: an overview.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. ; 19:10, s. . 1241-1258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Whisper instrument yields two data sets: (i) the electron density determined via the relaxation sounder, and (ii) the spectrum of natural plasma emissions in the frequency band 2-80 kHz. Both data sets allow for the three-dimensional exploration of th
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| 2. |
- Gomez, B., et al.
(författare)
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Levels and risk assessment for humans and ecosystems of platinum group elements in the airborne particles of some European cities
- 2002
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Ingår i: The Science of the Total Environment. ; 299, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traffic is the main source of platinum-group element (PGE) contamination in populated urban areas. There is increasing concern about the hazardous effects of these new pollutants for people and for other living organisms in these areas. Airborne and road dusts, as well as tree bark and grass samples were collected at locations in the European cities of Göteborg (Sweden), Madrid (Spain), Rome (Italy), Munich (Germany), Sheffield and London (UK). Today, in spite of the large number of parameters that can influence the airborne PGE content, the results obtained so far indicate significantly higher PGE levels at traffic sites compared with the rural or non-polluted zones that have been investigated (background levels). The average Pt content in airborne particles found in downtown Madrid, Göteborg and Rome is in the range 7.313.1 pg m−3. The ring roads of these cities have values in the range 4.117.7 pg m−3. In Munich, a lower Pt content was found in airborne particles (4.1 pg m−3). The same tendency has been noted for downtown Rh, with contents in the range 2.22.8 pg m−3, and in the range 0.83.0 and 0.3 pg m−3 for motorway margins in Munich. The combined results obtained using a wide-range airborne classifier (WRAC) collector and a PM-10 or virtual impactor show that Pt is associated with particles for a wide range of diameters. The smaller the particle size, the lower the Pt concentration. However, in particles
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| 3. |
- Moraes, Rosana, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Establishing causality between exposure to metals and effects on fish
- 2003
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Ingår i: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment (HERA). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1549-7860 .- 1080-7039. ; 9:1, s. 149-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluates causal relationships between chronic exposure of fish to metals and effects at different levels of biological organization based on a weight-of-evidence approach. Criteria for evaluation of causality were strength, consistency, and specificity of the association, as well as biological gradient and plausibility. Field sampling was conducted three times between 1998 and 2000, in Furnas Stream, impacted by an abandoned lead mine, and in three other locations, including two reference and one impacted sites. Levels of Pb, Zn, Cd, and Ag in sediments from the Furnas Stream exceeded background levels, and their concentrations were above sediment quality guidelines. Residual levels of metals in fish tissue were high enough to indicate reduced growth, reproduction and/or survival according to toxicological benchmarks. Lead-induced biochemical changes (ALA-D activity depletion) were observed in two species of siluriform catfish. The condition factor of a predatory catfish was reduced, and the percentage of prey generalists was higher in Furnas than at the noncontaminated sites. Reduction in fish community diversity and density was observed. Integration of data provided supporting evidence that observed effects on fish from the Furnas Stream resulted from long-term exposure to metals, however influences from other stressors cannot be ruled out.
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| 4. |
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