| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Maes, S.L., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental drivers of increased ecosystem respiration in a warming tundra
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 629:8010, s. 105-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems are large reservoirs of organic carbon. Climate warming may stimulate ecosystem respiration and release carbon into the atmosphere. The magnitude and persistency of this stimulation and the environmental mechanisms that drive its variation remain uncertain. This hampers the accuracy of global land carbon–climate feedback projections. Here we synthesize 136 datasets from 56 open-top chamber in situ warming experiments located at 28 arctic and alpine tundra sites which have been running for less than 1 year up to 25 years. We show that a mean rise of 1.4 °C [confidence interval (CI) 0.9–2.0 °C] in air and 0.4 °C [CI 0.2–0.7 °C] in soil temperature results in an increase in growing season ecosystem respiration by 30% [CI 22–38%] (n = 136). Our findings indicate that the stimulation of ecosystem respiration was due to increases in both plant-related and microbial respiration (n = 9) and continued for at least 25 years (n = 136). The magnitude of the warming effects on respiration was driven by variation in warming-induced changes in local soil conditions, that is, changes in total nitrogen concentration and pH and by context-dependent spatial variation in these conditions, in particular total nitrogen concentration and the carbon:nitrogen ratio. Tundra sites with stronger nitrogen limitations and sites in which warming had stimulated plant and microbial nutrient turnover seemed particularly sensitive in their respiration response to warming. The results highlight the importance of local soil conditions and warming-induced changes therein for future climatic impacts on respiration.
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| 3. |
- Bergmann, U. C., et al.
(författare)
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Production yields of noble-gas isotopes from ISOLDE UCx/graphite targets
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. - 0168-583X. ; 204, s. 220-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Yields of He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe isotopic chains were measured from UCx/graphite and ThCx/graphite targets at the PSB-ISOLDE facility at CERN using isobaric selectivity achieved by the combination of a plasma-discharge ion source with a water-cooled transfer line. The delay times measured for a UCx/graphite target allow for an extrapolation to the expected yields of very neutron-rich noble gas isotopes, in particular for the "NuPECC reference elements" Ar and Kr, at the next-generation radioactive ion-beam facility EURISOL. (C)2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Habs, D., et al.
(författare)
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The REX-ISOLDE project
- 2000
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Ingår i: Hyperfine Interactions. - 0304-3843 .- 1572-9540. ; 129:1-4, s. 43-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Radioactive Beam Experiment REX-ISOLDE [1-3] is a pilot experiment at ISOLDE (CERN) testing the new concept of post acceleration of radioactive ion beams by using charge breeding of the ions in a high charge state ion source and the efficient acceleration of the highly charged ions in a short LINAC using modern ion accelerator structures. In order to prepare the ions for the experiments singly charged radioactive ions from the on-line mass separator ISOLDE will be cooled and bunched in a Penning trap, charge bred in an electron beam ion source (EBIS) and finally accelerated in the LINAC. The LINAC consists of a radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator, which accelerates the ions up to 0.3 MeV/u, an interdigital H-type (IH) structure with a final energy between 1.1 and 1.2 MeV/u and three seven gap resonators, which allow the variation of the final energy. With an energy of the radioactive beams between 0.8 MeV/u and 2.2 MeV/u a wide range of experiments in the field of nuclear spectroscopy, astrophysics and solid state physics will be addressed by REX-ISOLDE.
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| 5. |
- Shergur, J., et al.
(författare)
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Decay of Sn-135,Sn-136 isolated by use of a laser ion source and evidence for a more harmonic-oscillator-like nuclear potential
- 2001
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474. ; 682, s. 493C-497C
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of a resonance ionization laser ion source at CERN/ISOLDE has made it possible to study the decay of very neutron-rich Sn135-137. The decay of Sn-135 is found to populate low-energy levels in Sb-135 via direct beta decay and the first excited state in Sb-134 by beta-delayed neutron emission. The level structure of Sb-135 Will be discussed and a possible signature for a more diffuse nuclear surface considered.
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| 6. |
- Backlund, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Micromachining of Silicon for Thermal and Position-Sensitive Nuclear-Detector Applications
- 1989
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 279:3, s. 555-559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of a programme aiming at the development of small nuclear radiation detectors, for example thermal detectors and position sensitive mosaic structures of surface barrier type, a technique for micromachining the detector bodies in silicon has been developed. The technique is based on an anisotropic etching property of a solution, mainly consisting of KOH. The etch rate is strongly orientation dependent with a speed in the 〈100〉 direction about 400 times faster than in the 〈111〉 direction. The major steps in the etching procedure are described and some examples of deep etching in Si are shown.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Coron, N., et al.
(författare)
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A Composite Bolometer as a Charged-Particle Spectrometer
- 1985
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 314:6006, s. 75-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The measurement of radioactivity by direct conversion of nuclear radiation into a temperature rise of a calorimeter is as old as nuclear physics itself. As part of a general programme aiming at a determination of the mass of the electron neutrino, we have designed an improved version of a He-cooled composite diamond bolometer with a monolithic germanium thermistor, developed at the Laboratoire de Physique Stellaire et Planetaire (LPSP)1. Our approach, based on an idea by De Rujula2, is to study the shape, near the upper end-point of the internal bremsstrahlung spectrum in electron-capture β decay. The best nucleus for a precise measurement seems to be 163Ho, for which we have determined3 the Q EC value to be 2.83±0.05 keV. A particularly interesting possibility is to use total absorption spectrometry4 (calorimetry), in which the radioactive holmium forms part of the sensitive volume of the detector. With 5–6-MeV α particles impinging on the diamond wafer of the bolometer, a full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) of 36 keV was obtained at a temperature of 1.3 K. The theoretical resolution at 100 mK is a few electron-volts, so this new detection technique should give greatly enhanced energy resolution compared with present solid-state conductors based on charge carrier collection.
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| 9. |
- Farmakis, D., et al.
(författare)
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Levosimendan beyond inotropy and acute heart failure: Evidence of pleiotropic effects on the heart and other organs: An expert panel position paper
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273. ; 222, s. 303-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Levosimendan is a positive inotrope with vasodilating properties (inodilator) indicated for decompensated heart failure (HF) patients with low cardiac output. Accumulated evidence supports several pleiotropic effects of levosimendan beyond inotropy, the heart and decompensated HF. Those effects are not readily explained by cardiac function enhancement and seem to be related to additional properties of the drug such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic ones. Mechanistic and proof-of-concept studies are still required to clarify the underlying mechanisms involved, while properly designed clinical trials are warranted to translate preclinical or early-phase clinical data into more robust clinical evidence. The present position paper, derived by a panel of 35 experts in the field of cardiology, cardiac anesthesiology, intensive care medicine, cardiac physiology, and cardiovascular pharmacology from 22 European countries, compiles the existing evidence on the pleiotropic effects of levosimendan, identifies potential novel areas of clinical application and defines the corresponding gaps in evidence and the required research efforts to address those gaps. © 2016 The Authors
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| 10. |
- Georg, U., et al.
(författare)
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Isotope production comparison at ISOLDE with 1 and 1.4 GeV protons
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474. ; 701, s. 137C-143C
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The difference in isotope production between 1 and 1.4 GeV proton projectiles was investigated at ISOLDE/CERN during the year 1999. As target materials uranium carbide, thorium carbide, lead and lanthanum oxide were used and the ratio of the measured production yields for the two different projectile energies were determined for isotopes of the elements francium, mercury, thallium, xenon, cesium, krypton, rubidium and neon. A comparison of these experimental results with the predictions from a two-step reaction model Monte-Carlo code shows good agreement. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Stroke, H. H., et al.
(författare)
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Bolometers as Particle Spectrometers
- 1986
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - 0018-9499. ; 33:1, s. 759-761
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 13. |
- Axelsson, H., et al.
(författare)
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Candidates for Electron-Neutrino Mass Measurements - the Case of Kr-81
- 1988
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Ingår i: Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 210:1-2, s. 249-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nuclear data of the known candidates for neutrino mass determination by resonant electron-capture beta decay are reviewed. New results are presented for the isotope 81Kr, where the transition to the 276 keV state has been found to have QEC=4.7±0.5 keV and a branching ratio of (3.0±0.2)×10−3
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| 14. |
- Bennett, J. R. J., et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of intense beams of Li-11 from a tantalum foil target
- 1999
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. - 0168-583X. ; 155:4, s. 515-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The yields of Li-11 from a tantalum target, constructed from very thin foils, have been measured at ISOLDE and found to be an order of magnitude greater than those previously measured for a standard roll foil target. The modifications to the existing target designs were based on theoretical modelling calculations. The tantalum foils are 2 mu m thick and the target mass is only one tenth of normal foil targets. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Bennett, J. R. J., et al.
(författare)
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Release studies of a thin foil tantalum target for the production of short-lived radioactive nuclei
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474. ; 701, s. 327C-333C
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements have been made at ISOLDE, of the release curves and yields of radioactive beams of lithium, sodium and beryllium from a target constructed from 2 pm thick foils. The release curves have been analysed by fitting to a mathematical model to determine the coefficients of diffusion of the particles in the foils and effusion through the target and ionizer at several temperatures. Through a better understanding of the rate of transport of the particles, it is possible to design targets and ionizers with improved yields. This is most important for the rare, short-lived isotopes in which there is considerable interest for physics experiments. This target has demonstrated large increases in the yields of Li-11 and Be-12, in agreement with the predictions of the model. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Kugler, E., et al.
(författare)
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The New Cern-Isolde Online Mass-Separator Facility at the Ps-Booster
- 1992
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. - 0168-583X. ; 70:1-4, s. 41-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ISOLDE on-line isotope separators have been operated since 1967 at the CERN-SC. This 600 MeV proton synchro-cyclotron had to be shut down in December 1990 after 33 years of service and it was decided to move ISOLDE to a new experimental area. The new on-line mass-separator facility is now under construction at the CERN PS-Booster. This accelerator provides an average current of about 2-mu-A of 1 GeV protons in very short high intensity pulses at low repetition rate. The beam can hit either one of the two target stations, the general purpose separator (GPS), a reconstructed ISOLDE-2 type machine (which can deliver beams simultaneously into three beam lines), and the high resolution separator (HRS), which is essentially the slightly modified ISOLDE-3 separator. The central GPS beam line and the HRS feed a common beam transport system to which most of the experiments will be connected. The new facility will be taken into operation in spring 1992.
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| 20. |
- Laursen, K. R., et al.
(författare)
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An RCT of acute health effects in COPD-patients after passive vape exposure from e-cigarettes
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Clinical Respiratory Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2001-8525. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: E-cigarette use has been shown to have short-term acute effects among active users but less is known of the acute passive effects, particularly among individuals with existing respiratory diseases. Objective: To investigate local and systemic effects of short-term passive vape exposure among patients with mild or moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: In a double-blinded crossover study 16 non-smoking COPD-patients (mean age 68) were randomly exposed for 4 h to passive vape (median PM2.5: 18 mu g/m(3) (range: 8-333)) and clean air (PM2.5 < 6 mu g/m(3)) separated by 14 days. Particles were measured using an ultrafine particle counter (P-TRAK) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). Health effects including Surfactant Protein-A (SP-A) and albumin in exhaled air, spirometry, FeNO, and plasma proteins were evaluated before, right after, and 24 hours after exposure. Participants reported symptoms throughout exposure sessions. Data were analyzed using mixed models. Results: SP-A in exhaled air was negatively affected by exposure to vape and several plasma proteins increased significantly. Throat irritation was more pronounced during passive vape exposure, while FVC and FEV1 decreased, however, not significantly. Conclusions: SP-A in exhaled air and some plasma proteins were affected by passive vape in patients with COPD indicating inflammation, showing that passive vape exposure is potentially harmful.
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| 21. |
- Patterson, Allison, et al.
(författare)
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Foraging range scales with colony size in high-latitude seabirds
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 32:17, s. 3800-3807
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Density-dependent prey depletion around breeding colonies has long been considered an important factor controlling the population dynamics of colonial animals.1, 2, 3, 4 Ashmole proposed that as seabird colony size increases, intraspecific competition leads to declines in reproductive success, as breeding adults must spend more time and energy to find prey farther from the colony.1 Seabird colony size often varies over several orders of magnitude within the same species and can include millions of individuals per colony.5,6 As such, colony size likely plays an important role in determining the individual behavior of its members and how the colony interacts with the surrounding environment.6 Using tracking data from murres (Uria spp.), the world’s most densely breeding seabirds, we show that the distribution of foraging-trip distances scales to colony size0.33 during the chick-rearing stage, consistent with Ashmole’s halo theory.1,2 This pattern occurred across colonies varying in size over three orders of magnitude and distributed throughout the North Atlantic region. The strong relationship between colony size and foraging range means that the foraging areas of some colonial species can be estimated from colony sizes, which is more practical to measure over a large geographic scale. Two-thirds of the North Atlantic murre population breed at the 16 largest colonies; by extrapolating the predicted foraging ranges to sites without tracking data, we show that only two of these large colonies have significant coverage as marine protected areas. Our results are an important example of how theoretical models, in this case, Ashmole’s version of central-place-foraging theory, can be applied to inform conservation and management in colonial breeding species.
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| 22. |
- Ritchie, C., et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review shows minimal evidence for measurement properties of psychological functioning outcomes in whiplash
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0895-4356 .- 1878-5921. ; 151, s. 29-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically identify, synthesize, and appraise studies on the measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for anxiety, depression, fear of movement, pain catastrophizing, post-traumatic stress, self-efficacy, and stress in people with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). Study Design and Setting: PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PILOTS, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched (November 9, 2021). Studies evaluating any measurement property of relevant PROMs in WAD were included. Two reviewers independently screened the studies and assessed the measurement properties in accordance with the COSMIN guidelines. Results: Measurement properties of 10 PROMs were evaluated in WAD: Pictorial Fear of Activity Scale-Cervical (PFActS-C), Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), PSEQ-4 item, PSEQ-2a, PSEQ-2b, Self-Efficacy Scale, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, and Post-Traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale. Content validity was not examined in any of these PROMs in whiplash. Moderate- or high-quality evidence showed adequate internal structure for the PSEQ, PCS, and PFActS-C, whereas the original structures of the remaining seven PROMs were not confirmed in whiplash. Conclusion: Until further research on the measurement properties of these PROMs is available, researchers may opt to use the PSEQ, PCS, or PFActS-C if the construct is aligned with research aims. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
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| 23. |
- Zanini, Luca, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of Volatile Radionuclides Production and Release Yields followed by a Post-Irradiation Analysis of a Pb/Bi Filled Ta Target at ISOLDE
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nuclear Data Sheets. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-3752. ; 119, s. 292-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A crucial requirement in the development of liquid-metal spallation neutron target is knowledge of the composition and amount of volatile radionuclides that are released from the target during operation. It is also important to know the total amount produced, which could be released if there was an accident. One type is the lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) target where different radionuclides can be produced following interaction with a high-energy proton beam, notably noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe isotopes) and other relative volatile isotopes such as Hg and At. The results of an irradiation experiment performed at ISOLDE on a LBE target are compared with predictions from the MCNPX code using the latest developments on the Liege Intranuclear Cascade model (INCL4.6) and the CEM03 model. The calculations are able to reproduce the mass distribution of the radioisotopes produced, including the At production, where there is a significant contribution from secondary reactions. Subsequently, a post-irradiation examination of the irradiated target was performed. Investigations of both the tantalum target structure, in particular the beam window, and the lead-bismuth eutectic were performed using several experimental techniques. No sign of severe irradiation damage, previously observed in other ISOLDE targets, was found.
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| 24. |
- Acosta, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Successful Selective Thrombolysis for Limb-Threatening Ischemia due to Bilateral Lower Extremity Emboli After Open Aortic Aneurysm Repair
- 2010
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Ingår i: Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : SAGE Publications. - 1938-9116 .- 1538-5744. ; 44:6, s. 506-507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe lower extremity emboli with occlusion of all 3 lower limb arteries bilaterally occurred after an elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Selective thrombolysis with alteplase and repeated percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) along the occlusions on both side anterior and posterior tibial arteries was performed without complications. Angiography the following day showed continuous filling of the anterior tibial artery down to the dorsalis pedis artery and interrupted, but improved, flow in the medial plantar artery through collaterals. The patient recovered well. At 1 month follow-up, the right foot was unremarkable, whereas the patient experienced slight residual numbness in the medial and distal plantar aspect of his left foot where the great toe/brachial index were lowered to 0.46.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Andersson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Why does the clinical diagnosis fail in suspected appendicitis?
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgery. - 1102-4151 .- 1741-9271. ; 166:10, s. 796-802
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To identify systematic errors in surgeons' estimations of the importance of diagnostic variables in the decision to explore patients with suspected appendicitis. Design: Prospective case series. Setting: Two emergency departments, Sweden. Patients: 496 patients with suspected appendicitis on admission, of whom 194 had a correct operation for appendicitis and 59 had a negative exploration. Main outcome measures: Predictors of a negative exploration expressed as the odds ratio (OR) for negative exploration. Variables influence on the decision to operate, expressed as the OR for operation, compared with the true diagnostic importance, expressed as the OR for appendicitis. Results: Predictors of negative explorations were high ratings in variables describing pain and tenderness (patient's perceived pain, abdominal tenderness, rebound tenderness, guarding or rectal tenderness), weak or absent inflammatory response, female sex, long duration of symptoms and absence of vomiting, with OR of 1.8-3.0. Pain and tenderness had too strong an influence on the decision to operate whereas the lack of an inflammatory response, no vomiting, and long duration of symptoms were not given enough attention. There was no sex difference in the proportion of patients with non-surgical abdominal pain (NSAP) who were operated on, but NSAP was more common and appendicitis less common among women, leading to a larger proportion of negative appendicectomies among women. Conclusion: Negative explorations in patients with suspected appendicitis are related to systematic errors in the clinical diagnosis with too strong an emphasis on pain and tenderness, and too little attention paid to duration of symptoms and objective signs of inflammation. Rectal tenderness is not a sign of appendicitis. The risk of diagnostic errors is similar in men and women.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Bjornstad, T., et al.
(författare)
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Study of the Giant Gamow-Teller Resonance in Nuclear Beta-Decay - the Case of Ar-32
- 1985
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474. ; 443:2, s. 283-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Delayed proton and gamma emissions following the β-decay of 32Ar have been studied. The half-life of 32Ar is 98 ± 2 ms, and the T = 2 analogue state in 32Cl lies at the excitation energy 5036 ± 12 keV. From the intensity of the feeding to this state the proton intensities can be converted to an absolute scale leading to a total proton branching ratio of (43 ± 3)%. From proton-gamma coincidence measurements it emerges that (1.9 ± 0.2)% of the protons lead to the first-excited state in 31S. A level scheme up to 8.75 MeV excitation in 32Cl has been constructed and the Gamow-Teller strength function has been deduced. The result is a renormalization of the axial-vector strength to (49 ± 5)% of the free-nucleon value.
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| 30. |
- Bjornstad, T., et al.
(författare)
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The Doubly Closed Shell Nucleus Sn-132(50)82
- 1986
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474. ; 453:3, s. 463-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure of excited states in 132Sn, fed in the β-decay of 132In, has been investigated. Absolute intensities were deduced from γ-singles measurements. From multi-spectrum analysis of γ-lines the half-life of 132In was determined to be 186 ± 22 ms. A level scheme based on γγ and βγ coincidences is presented. The conversion electron spectrum has been studied and internal conversion coefficients deduced for two low-energy transitions. The total decay energy of 132In was determined, from γ-gated β-spectra, to be Qβ = 13.6 ± 0.4 MeV. A lower limit of 6.968 MeV for the neutron separation energy in 132Sn was deduced from the β-delayed neutron spectrum. The experimental results on the level structure of the doubly closed shell nucleus 132Sn show that the shell model is applicable even far from the valley of stability.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Borchert, G. L., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanisms for K X-Ray-Energy Shifts
- 1987
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung - Section A Journal of Physical Sciences. - 0932-0784. ; 42:8, s. 781-785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 33. |
- Borge, M. J. G., et al.
(författare)
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Limits on Neutrino-Mixing from the Internal Bremsstrahlung Spectrum of I-125
- 1986
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Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - 1402-4896 .- 0031-8949. ; 34:6A, s. 591-596
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The massive antineutrino recently reported by Simpson in an experiment on tritium decay has not been confirmed by experiments on 35S decay. As an independent check, we report here the negative result of a search for the corresponding antiparticle (a massive neutrino) using the decay of 125I. As a by-product, we give accurate data on internal-bremsstrahlung spectra which we have followed over close to four decades in intensity, and we report a new way of measuring its E1/M1 ratio. The experiment provides a new and very accurate value for the 125I-125Te mass difference of 186.1 ± 0.3 keV.
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| 34. |
- Borup, T., et al.
(författare)
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Intra-operative colloid administration increases the clearance of a post-operative fluid load
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 53:3, s. 311-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether an intra-operative colloid infusion alters the dynamics of a crystalloid load administered post-operatively.METHODS: Ten patients received 12.5 ml/kg of Ringer's lactate over 30 min 1-3 days before and 4 h after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, during which 10 ml/kg of a colloid solution, hydroxyethylstarch (HES 130/0.4), was infused. The total body clearance of the pre- and post-operative test infusions was taken as the ratio between the urinary excretion and the Hb-derived dilution of venous plasma over 150 min. The plasma clearance of the infused fluid was calculated using volume kinetics based on the plasma dilution alone. The pre-operative plasma clearance was compared with the post-operative plasma clearance and patients served as their own control.RESULTS: The urinary excretion averaged 350 ml for the pre-operative infusion and 612 ml post-operatively, which corresponds to 46% and 68% of the pre- and post-operative infusions, respectively. The total body clearance of the crystalloid fluid was 30 ml/min before surgery and 124 ml/min after surgery (P<0.01). The plasma clearance, as obtained from the plasma dilution alone, was 28 and 412 ml/min, respectively. The maximal increase in plasma volume was 410 ml pre-operatively vs. 220 ml post-operatively.CONCLUSIONS: Infusion of a colloid solution in combination with a crystalloid during laparoscopic cholecystectomy increased the plasma clearance of a post-operative crystalloid infusion.
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| 35. |
- Brix-Christensen, V., et al.
(författare)
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Plasma cytokines do not reflect expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA at organ level after cardiopulmonary bypass in neonatal pigs.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172. ; 47:5, s. 525-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers are increased in response to the trauma of cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). It is, however, unknown whether the plasma cytokine levels and cytokine mRNA expression at organ level reflect each other. Methods: Twenty-six piglets (17–19 days) were allocated to the sham-group (sternotomy only, n = 13) or to the CPB-group (sternotomy, 120 min CPB procedure with 60-min aortic cross-clamp, n = 13). The pigs were observed for 0.5 h or 4 h post-CPB. Plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and iNOS in organs were registered with concomitant changes in oxygenation index (OI) and expiratory nitric oxide (NO). Results: In pigs killed 0.5 h post-CPB there was a significant increase in IL-10 mRNA in the lungs and kidneys compared with the sham-group. IL-1β mRNA was detectable in the kidneys and lungs of the CPB-pigs, while IL-6 mRNA was up regulated only in lungs. In pigs killed 4 h post-CPB a significantly higher IL-6 mRNA was found in heart tissue and a lower IL-10 mRNA was found in lungs of CPB pigs compared with the sham-group. There was a concomitant significant increase in OI and increased plasma IL-8 and IL-10 concentrations in the CPB-pigs compared with the sham-pigs. Conclusion: The cytokine mRNA expression pattern was very different for the pigs killed already 0.5 h after the CPB procedure compared with the pigs killed 4 h post-CPB. The plasma cytokine levels poorly reflected mRNA expression of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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| 36. |
- Bryn, V., et al.
(författare)
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Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in childhood
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-3798. ; 19:4, s. 411-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neurotrophic factors are essential regulators of neuronal maturation including synaptic synthesis. Among those, Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been in particular focus in the understanding of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Purpose: The aim of our study was to investigate whether BNDF could be used as diagnostic/biological marker for ASD. For this purpose we examined the plasma levels of BDNF and the precursors pro- BDNF in patients with ASD and compared it with non-autistic controls; determined whether there was a correlation between the BDNF and proBDNF levels and clinical severity. We also investigated the coding region of BDNF identify for well-variations which could be associated to ASD. Methods: The 65 ASD patients (51 boys) were enrolled from a recent completed epidemiological survey covering two counties (Oppland and Hedmark) in Norway. The mean age of the total number of children who participated in this study was 11,7 years. 30 non-autistic children were included as controls, 14 boys and 16 girls. The mean age was 11.3 years. Exclusion criteria for control group were individuals suffering from either neurological, endocrine, or immune insuffiency. Results and conclusions: Patients with ASD were characterized by moderately but significantly elevated plasma levels of BDNF compared to matched controls. No differences were observed in the proBDNF level between patients and controls. Within the ASD group, children with intellectual disability demonstrated increased BDNF, but not proBDNF levels, while the presence of ADHD had no impact on circulating proBDNF or BDNF. No further associations between plasma proBDNF or BDNF and other clinical demographics were observed. (C) 2015 European Paediatric Neurology Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Franic, Iva, et al.
(författare)
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Climate, host and geography shape insect and fungal communities of trees
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-native pests, climate change, and their interactions are likely to alter relationships between trees and tree-associated organisms with consequences for forest health. To understand and predict such changes, factors structuring tree-associated communities need to be determined. Here, we analysed the data consisting of records of insects and fungi collected from dormant twigs from 155 tree species at 51 botanical gardens or arboreta in 32 countries. Generalized dissimilarity models revealed similar relative importance of studied climatic, host-related and geographic factors on differences in tree-associated communities. Mean annual temperature, phylogenetic distance between hosts and geographic distance between locations were the major drivers of dissimilarities. The increasing importance of high temperatures on differences in studied communities indicate that climate change could affect tree-associated organisms directly and indirectly through host range shifts. Insect and fungal communities were more similar between closely related vs. distant hosts suggesting that host range shifts may facilitate the emergence of new pests. Moreover, dissimilarities among tree-associated communities increased with geographic distance indicating that human-mediated transport may serve as a pathway of the introductions of new pests. The results of this study highlight the need to limit the establishment of tree pests and increase the resilience of forest ecosystems to changes in climate.
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| 41. |
- Franic, Iva, et al.
(författare)
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Worldwide diversity of endophytic fungi and insects associated with dormant tree twigs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2052-4463. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International trade in plants and climate change are two of the main factors causing damaging tree pests (i.e. fungi and insects) to spread into new areas. To mitigate these risks, a large-scale assessment of tree-associated fungi and insects is needed. We present records of endophytic fungi and insects in twigs of 17 angiosperm and gymnosperm genera, from 51 locations in 32 countries worldwide. Endophytic fungi were characterized by high-throughput sequencing of 352 samples from 145 tree species in 28 countries. Insects were reared from 227 samples of 109 tree species in 18 countries and sorted into taxonomic orders and feeding guilds. Herbivorous insects were grouped into morphospecies and were identified using molecular and morphological approaches. This dataset reveals the diversity of tree-associated taxa, as it contains 12,721 fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants and 208 herbivorous insect morphospecies, sampled across broad geographic and climatic gradients and for many tree species. This dataset will facilitate applied and fundamental studies on the distribution of fungal endophytes and insects in trees.
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| 42. |
- Henriksen, M. W., et al.
(författare)
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De novo mutations in SCN1A are associated with classic Rett syndrome: a case report
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bmc Medical Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2350. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. In more than 95% of females with classic RTT a pathogenic mutation in MECP2 has been identified. This leaves a small fraction of classic cases with other genetic causes. So far, there has not been reported any other gene that may account for the majority of these cases. Case presentation: We describe two females who fulfill the diagnostic criteria for classic RTT, with pathogenic de novo mutations in SCN1A, which usually leads to Dravet syndrome. The developmental history and clinical features of these two females fits well with RTT, but they do have an unusual epileptic profile with early onset of seizures. Investigation of mRNA from one of the females showed a significantly reduced level of MECP2 mRNA. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report suggesting that SCN1A mutations could account for a proportion of the females with classic RTT without MECP2 mutations. As a consequence of these findings SCN1A should be considered in the molecular routine screening in MECP2-negative individuals with RTT and early onset epilepsy.
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| 43. |
- Holmgren, Birgitta G, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality associated with HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I single and dual infections in a middle-aged and older population in Guinea-Bissau
- 2007
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Ingår i: Retrovirology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1742-4690. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In Guinea-Bissau HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I are prevalent in the general population. The natural history of HIV/HTLV-I single and dual infections has not been fully elucidated in this population. Previous studies have shown that combinations of these infections are more common in older women than in men. The present study compares mortality associated with HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I single and dual infections in individuals over 35 years of age within an urban community-based cohort in Guinea-Bissau. RESULTS: A total of 2,839 and 1,075 individuals were included in the HIV and HTLV-I mortality analyses respectively. Compared with HIV-negative individuals, adjusted mortality rate ratios (MRRs) were 4.9 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 2.3, 10.4) for HIV-1, 1.8 (95%CI: 1.5, 2.3) for HIV-2, and 5.9 (2.4, 14.3) for HIV-1/HIV-2 dual infections. MRR for HTLV-I-positive compared with HTLV-I-negative individuals was 1.7 (1.1, 2.7). Excluding all HIV-positive individuals from the analysis, the HTLV-I MRR was 2.3 (1.3, 3.8). The MRR of HTLV-I/HIV-2 dually infected individuals was 1.7 (0.7, 4.3), compared with HIV/HTLV-I-negative individuals. No statistically significant differences were found in retrovirus-associated mortality between men and women. CONCLUSION: HIV-1-associated excess mortality was low compared with community studies from other parts of Africa, presumably because this population was older and the introduction of HIV-1 into the community recent. HIV-2 and HTLV-I-associated mortality was 2-fold higher than the mortality in uninfected individuals. We found no significant differences between the mortality risk for HIV-2 and HTLV-I single infection, respectively, and HIV-2/HTLV-I dual infection. The higher prevalence of retroviral dual infections in older women is not explained by differential retrovirus-associated mortality for men and women.
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| 44. |
- Jacobsen, Mia Ravn, et al.
(författare)
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Clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor for all-comers with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273. ; 342, s. 15-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To compare effectiveness and safety of clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor among all-comers with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and extend the knowledge from randomized clinical trials. Methods: All consecutive patients with STEMI admitted to Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, from 2009 to 2016 were identified via the Eastern Danish Heart Registry. By individual linkage to Danish nationwide registries, claimed drugs and end points were obtained. Patients alive a week post-discharge were included, stratified according to clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor treatment, and followed for a year. The effectiveness end point (a composite of all-cause mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke) and safety end point (a composite of bleedings leading to hospitalization) were assessed by multivariate Cox proportional-hazards models. Results: In total, 5123 patients were included (clopidogrel [1245], prasugrel [1902], ticagrelor [1976]) with ≥95% treatment persistency. Concomitant use of aspirin was ≥95%. Females accounted for 24% and elderly for 17%. Compared with clopidogrel, the effectiveness end point occurred less often for ticagrelor (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.35–0.70) and prasugrel (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.33–0.68) without differences in bleedings leading to hospitalization. No differences in comparative effectiveness or safety were found between prasugrel and ticagrelor. Sensitivity analyses with time-dependent drug exposure and the period 2011–2015 showed similar results. Conclusions: Among all-comers with STEMI, ticagrelor and prasugrel were associated with reduced incidence of the composite end point of all-cause mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke without an increase in bleedings leading to hospitalization compared with clopidogrel. No differences were found between prasugrel and ticagrelor.
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| 45. |
- Kaiser, Brooks A., et al.
(författare)
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Spatial issues in Arctic marine resource governance workshop summary and comment
- 2015
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Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 58, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rapidly changing Arctic marine ecosystems face new challenges and opportunities that are increasing and shifting governance needs in the region. A group of economists, ecologists, biologists, political scientists and resource managers met in Stockholm, SE, Sept 4-6, 2014 to discuss the governance of Arctic marine resources in a spatial context. We report on the findings here.
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| 46. |
- Kurcewicz, W, et al.
(författare)
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The nuclear structure of Fr-227
- 1997
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR PHYSICS A. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0375-9474. ; 621:4, s. 827-852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gamma-rays following the beta(-) decay of Rn-227 have been investigated by means of gamma-ray singles and gamma gamma-coincidence measurements using an array of 12 Compton-suppressed Ge detectors. The fast-timing beta gamma gamma(t) method has been us
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| 47. |
- Lindgren, Marie, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Survival and risk of vascular complications in myelofibrosis—A population-based study from the Swedish MPN group
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609. ; 109:4, s. 336-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To gain knowledge of underlying risk factors for vascular complications and their impact on life expectancy in myelofibrosis. Methods: From a cohort of 392 myelofibrosis patients registered in the Swedish MPN registry 58 patients with vascular complications during follow-up were identified. Patients with vascular complications were compared with both 1:1 matched controls and the entire myelofibrosis cohort to explore potential risk factors for vascular complications and their impact on survival. Results: Incidence of vascular complications was 2.8 events per 100 patient-years and the majority of complications were thrombotic. Patients with complications were significantly older and had lower hemoglobin when compared to the entire cohort. In the case–control analysis, no significant risk factor differences were observed. The major cause of death was vascular complications and median survival was significantly impaired in patients with vascular complications (48 months) compared to controls (92 months). Inferior survival in patients with vascular complications was found to be dependent on IPSS risk category in a Cox regression model. Conclusion: Vascular complications have a considerable impact on survival in MF. At diagnosis, risk assessment by IPSS does not only predict survival but is also associated with the risk of vascular complications.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Nordenskjöld, Anna, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Randomized evaluation of beta blocker and ACE-inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker treatment in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA-BAT): Rationale and design
- 2021
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Ingår i: American Heart Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-8703 .- 1097-6744. ; 231, s. 96-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is common and occurs in 6-8% of all patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This paper describes the rationale behind the trial 'Randomized Evaluation of Beta Blocker and ACE-Inhibitor/Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Treatment (ACEI/ARB) of MINOCA patients' (MINOCA-BAT) and the need to improve the secondary preventive treatment of MINOCA patients. Methods MINOCA-BAT is a registry-based, randomized, parallel, open-label, multicenter trial with 2:2 factorial design. The primary aim is to determine whether oral beta blockade compared with no oral beta blockade, and ACEI/ARB compared with no ACEI/ARB, reduce the composite endpoint of death of any cause, readmission because of AMI, ischemic stroke or heart failure in patients discharged after MINOCA without clinical signs of heart failure and with left ventricular ejection fraction >= 40%. A total of 3500 patients will be randomized into four groups; e.g. ACEI/ARB and beta blocker, beta blocker only, ACEI/ARB only and neither ACEI/ARB nor beta blocker, and followed for a mean of 4 years. Summary While patients with MINOCA have an increased risk of serious cardiovascular events and death, whether conventional secondary preventive therapies are beneficial has not been assessed in randomized trials. There is a limited basis for guideline recommendations in MINOCA. Furthermore, studies of routine clinical practice suggest that use of secondary prevention therapies in MINOCA varies considerably. Thus results from this trial may influence future treatment strategies and guidelines specific to MINOCA patients.
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