| 1. |
- Franic, Iva, et al.
(författare)
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Climate, host and geography shape insect and fungal communities of trees
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-native pests, climate change, and their interactions are likely to alter relationships between trees and tree-associated organisms with consequences for forest health. To understand and predict such changes, factors structuring tree-associated communities need to be determined. Here, we analysed the data consisting of records of insects and fungi collected from dormant twigs from 155 tree species at 51 botanical gardens or arboreta in 32 countries. Generalized dissimilarity models revealed similar relative importance of studied climatic, host-related and geographic factors on differences in tree-associated communities. Mean annual temperature, phylogenetic distance between hosts and geographic distance between locations were the major drivers of dissimilarities. The increasing importance of high temperatures on differences in studied communities indicate that climate change could affect tree-associated organisms directly and indirectly through host range shifts. Insect and fungal communities were more similar between closely related vs. distant hosts suggesting that host range shifts may facilitate the emergence of new pests. Moreover, dissimilarities among tree-associated communities increased with geographic distance indicating that human-mediated transport may serve as a pathway of the introductions of new pests. The results of this study highlight the need to limit the establishment of tree pests and increase the resilience of forest ecosystems to changes in climate.
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| 2. |
- Franic, Iva, et al.
(författare)
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Worldwide diversity of endophytic fungi and insects associated with dormant tree twigs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2052-4463. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International trade in plants and climate change are two of the main factors causing damaging tree pests (i.e. fungi and insects) to spread into new areas. To mitigate these risks, a large-scale assessment of tree-associated fungi and insects is needed. We present records of endophytic fungi and insects in twigs of 17 angiosperm and gymnosperm genera, from 51 locations in 32 countries worldwide. Endophytic fungi were characterized by high-throughput sequencing of 352 samples from 145 tree species in 28 countries. Insects were reared from 227 samples of 109 tree species in 18 countries and sorted into taxonomic orders and feeding guilds. Herbivorous insects were grouped into morphospecies and were identified using molecular and morphological approaches. This dataset reveals the diversity of tree-associated taxa, as it contains 12,721 fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants and 208 herbivorous insect morphospecies, sampled across broad geographic and climatic gradients and for many tree species. This dataset will facilitate applied and fundamental studies on the distribution of fungal endophytes and insects in trees.
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| 3. |
- Holm, Astrid, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort study of the characteristics and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and in-hospital cardiac arrest
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 11:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective We studied characteristics, survival, causes of cardiac arrest, conditions preceding cardiac arrest, predictors of survival and trends in the prevalence of COVID-19 among in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) cases.Design and setting Registry-based observational study.Participants We studied all cases (>= 18 years of age) of IHCA receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation during 15 March 2020 to 31 December 2020. A total of 1613 patients were included and divided into the following groups: ongoing infection (COVID-19+; n=182), no infection (COVID-19-; n=1062) and unknown/not assessed (n=369).Main outcomes and measures We studied monthly trends in proportions of COVID-19 associated IHCAs, causes of IHCA in relation to COVID-19 status, clinical conditions preceding the cardiac arrest and predictors of survival.Results The rate of COVID-19+ patients suffering an IHCA increased to 23% during the first pandemic wave (April), then abated to 3% in July, and then increased to 19% during the second wave (December). Among COVID-19+ cases, 43% had respiratory insufficiency or infection as the underlying cause of the cardiac arrest, compared with 18% among COVID-19- cases. The most common clinical sign preceding cardiac arrest was hypoxia (57%) among COVID-19+ cases. OR for 30-day survival for COVID-19+ cases was 0.50 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.76), compared with COVID-19- cases.Conclusion During pandemic peaks, up to one-fourth of all IHCAs are complicated by COVID-19, and these patients have halved chance of survival, with women displaying the worst outcomes.
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| 4. |
- Högstedt, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and motivational factors for joining a lay responder system dispatch to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1757-7241. ; 30:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There has been in increase in the use of systems for organizing lay responders for suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) dispatch using smartphone-based technology. The purpose is to increase survival rates; however, such systems are dependent on people's commitment to becoming a lay responder. Knowledge about the characteristics of such volunteers and their motivational factors is lacking. Therefore, we explored characteristics and quantified the underlying motivational factors for joining a smartphone-based cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) lay responder system. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 800 consecutively recruited lay responders in a smartphone-based mobile positioning first-responder system (SMS-lifesavers) were surveyed. Data on characteristics and motivational factors were collected, the latter through a modified version of the validated survey "Volunteer Motivation Inventory" (VMI). The statements in the VMI, ranked on a Likert scale (1-5), corresponded to(a) intrinsic (an inner belief of doing good for others) or (b) extrinsic (earning some kind of reward from the act) motivational factors. Results: A total of 461 participants were included in the final analysis. Among respondents, 59% were women, 48% between 25 and 39 years of age, 37% worked within health care, and 66% had undergone post-secondary school. The most common way (44%) to learn about the lay responder system was from a CPR instructor. A majority (77%) had undergone CPR training at their workplace. In terms of motivation, where higher scores reflect greater importance to the participant, intrinsic factors scored highest, represented by the category values (mean 3.97) followed by extrinsic categories reciprocity (mean 3.88) and self-esteem (mean 3.22). Conclusion: This study indicates that motivation to join a first responder system mainly depends on intrinsic factors, i.e. an inner belief of doing good, but there are also extrinsic factors, such as earning some kind of reward from the act, to consider. Focusing information campaigns on intrinsic factors may be the most important factor for successful recruitment. When implementing a smartphone-based lay responder system, CPR instructors, as a main information source to potential lay responders, as well as the workplace, are crucial for successful recruitment.
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| 5. |
- Jerkeman, Matilda, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in survival after cardiac arrest: a Swedish nationwide study over 30 years
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsTrends in characteristics, management, and survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) were studied in the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Registry (SCRR). Methods and resultsThe SCRR was used to study 106 296 cases of OHCA (1990–2020) and 30 032 cases of IHCA (2004–20) in whom resuscitation was attempted. In OHCA, survival increased from 5.7% in 1990 to 10.1% in 2011 and remained unchanged thereafter. Odds ratios [ORs, 95% confidence interval (CI)] for survival in 2017–20 vs. 1990–93 were 2.17 (1.93–2.43) overall, 2.36 (2.07–2.71) for men, and 1.67 (1.34–2.10) for women. Survival increased for all aetiologies, except trauma, suffocation, and drowning. OR for cardiac aetiology in 2017–20 vs. 1990–93 was 0.45 (0.42–0.48). Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation increased from 30.9% to 82.2%. Shockable rhythm decreased from 39.5% in 1990 to 17.4% in 2020. Use of targeted temperature management decreased from 42.1% (2010) to 18.2% (2020). In IHCA, OR for survival in 2017–20 vs. 2004–07 was 1.18 (1.06–1.31), showing a non-linear trend with probability of survival increasing by 46.6% during 2011–20. Myocardial ischaemia or infarction as aetiology decreased during 2004–20 from 67.4% to 28.3% [OR 0.30 (0.27–0.34)]. Shockable rhythm decreased from 37.4% to 23.0% [OR 0.57 (0.51–0.64)]. Approximately 90% of survivors (IHCA and OHCA) had no or mild neurological sequelae. ConclusionSurvival increased 2.2-fold in OHCA during 1990–2020 but without any improvement in the final decade, and 1.2-fold in IHCA during 2004–20, with rapid improvement the last decade. Cardiac aetiology and shockable rhythms were halved. Neurological outcome has not improved.
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| 6. |
- Munkvold, Bodil Karoline Ravn, et al.
(författare)
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Variations in the management of diffuse low-grade gliomas : A Scandinavian multicenter study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Neuro-Oncology Practice. - : Oxford University Press. - 2054-2577 .- 2054-2585. ; 8:6, s. 706-717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Early extensive surgery is a cornerstone in treatment of diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGGs), and an additional survival benefit has been demonstrated from early radiochemotherapy in selected "high-risk" patients. Still, there are a number of controversies related to DLGG management. The objective of this multicenter population-based cohort study was to explore potential variations in diagnostic work-up and treatment between treating centers in 2 Scandinavian countries with similar public health care systems.Methods. Patients screened for inclusion underwent primary surgery of a histopathologically verified diffuse WHO grade II glioma in the time period 2012 through 2017. Clinical and radiological data were collected from medical records and locally conducted research projects, whereupon differences between countries and inter-hospital variations were explored.Results. A total of 642 patients were included (male:female ratio 1:4), and annual age-standardized incidence rates were 0.9 and 0.8 per 100 000 in Norway and Sweden, respectively. Considerable inter-hospital variations were observed in preoperative work-up, tumor diagnostics, surgical strategies, techniques for intraoperative guidance, as well as choice and timing of adjuvant therapy.Conclusions. Despite geographical population-based case selection, similar health care organizations, and existing guidelines, there were considerable variations in DLGG management. While some can be attributed to differences in clinical implementation of current scientific knowledge, some of the observed inter-hospital variations reflect controversies related to diagnostics and treatment. Quantification of these disparities renders possible identification of treatment patterns associated with better or worse outcomes and may thus represent a step toward more uniform evidence-based care.
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| 7. |
- Pötzelsberger, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Biotic threats for 23 major non-native tree species in Europe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2052-4463. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For non-native tree species with an origin outside of Europe a detailed compilation of enemy species including the severity of their attack is lacking up to now. We collected information on native and non-native species attacking non-native trees, i.e. type, extent and time of first observation of damage for 23 important non-native trees in 27 European countries. Our database includes about 2300 synthesised attack records (synthesised per biotic threat, tree and country) from over 800 species. Insects (49%) and fungi (45%) are the main observed biotic threats, but also arachnids, bacteria including phytoplasmas, mammals, nematodes, plants and viruses have been recorded. This information will be valuable to identify patterns and drivers of attacks, and trees with a lower current health risk to be considered for planting. In addition, our database will provide a baseline to which future impacts on non-native tree species could be compared with and thus will allow to analyse temporal trends of impacts.
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| 8. |
- Schaubeder, Jana B., et al.
(författare)
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Deciphering heterogeneous enzymatic surface reactions on xylan using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy
- 2024
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - 0144-8617. ; 337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Xylans' unique properties make it attractive for a variety of industries, including paper, food, and biochemical production. While for some applications the preservation of its natural structure is crucial, for others the degradation into monosaccharides is essential. For the complete breakdown, the use of several enzymes is required, due to its structural complexity. In fact, the specificity of enzymatically-catalyzed reactions is guided by the surface, limiting or regulating accessibility and serving structurally encoded input guiding the actions of the enzymes. Here, we investigate enzymes at surfaces rich in xylan using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. The influence of diffusion and changes in substrate morphology is studied via enzyme surface kinetics simulations, yielding reaction rates and constants. We propose kinetic models, which can be applied to the degradation of multilayer biopolymer films. The most advanced model was verified by its successful application to the degradation of a thin film of polyhydroxybutyrate treated with a polyhydroxybutyrate-depolymerase. The herein derived models can be employed to quantify the degradation kinetics of various enzymes on biopolymers in heterogeneous environments, often prevalent in industrial processes. The identification of key factors influencing reaction rates such as inhibition will contribute to the quantification of intricate dynamics in complex systems.
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| 9. |
- Simonsson, Moa, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal trends in bleeding events in acute myocardial infarction : insights from the SWEDEHEART registry
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 41:7, s. 833-843
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To describe the time trends of in-hospital and out-of-hospital bleeding parallel to the development of new treatments and ischaemic outcomes over the last 20 years in a nationwide myocardial infarction (MI) population.METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients with acute MI (n = 371 431) enrolled in the SWEDEHEART registry from 1995 until May 2018 were selected and evaluated for in-hospital bleeding and out-of-hospital bleeding events at 1 year. In-hospital bleeding increased from 0.5% to a peak at 2% 2005/2006 and thereafter slightly decreased to a new plateau around 1.3% by the end of the study period. Out-of-hospital bleeding increased in a stepwise fashion from 2.5% to 3.5 % in the middle of the study period and to 4.8% at the end of the study period. The increase in both in-hospital and out-of-hospital bleeding was parallel to increasing use of invasive strategy and adjunctive antithrombotic treatment, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), and potent DAPT, while the decrease in in-hospital bleeding from 2007 to 2010 was parallel to implementation of bleeding avoidance strategies. In-hospital re-infarction decreased from 2.8% to 0.6% and out-of-hospital MI decreased from 12.6% to 7.1%. The composite out-of-hospital MI, cardiovascular death, and stroke decreased in a similar fashion from 18.4% to 9.1%.CONCLUSION: During the last 20 years, the introduction of invasive and more intense antithrombotic treatment has been associated with an increase in bleeding events but concomitant there has been a substantial greater reduction of ischaemic events including improved survival.
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| 10. |
- Šuchová, Katarína, et al.
(författare)
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Cellulose- and xylan-degrading yeasts: Enzymes, applications and biotechnological potential
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Advances. - : Elsevier BV. - 0734-9750. ; 59
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbes and their carbohydrate-active enzymes are central for depolymerization of complex lignocellulosic polysaccharides in the global carbon cycle. Their unique abilities to degrade and ferment carbohydrates are also utilized in many industrial processes such as baking, brewing and production of biofuels and drugs. Effective degradation and utilization of cellulose and hemicelluloses is important for the shift towards green bioeconomy, and requires microbes equipped with proper sets of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Knowledge of cellulolytic and xylanolytic CAZymes has mainly been generated from bacteria and filamentous fungi, while yeasts have been largely overlooked and may represent an untapped resource in natural CAZymes with industrial relevance. Cellulose and xylan-degrading yeasts with the ability to ferment saccharides are also promising candidates for consolidated bioprocesses (CBPs), as they can degrade lignocellulose and utilize its constituents to produce desired products at the same time. Cellulolytic yeasts able to utilize insoluble crystalline cellulose are rare while xylanolytic yeasts are rather widespread in nature. The lack of particular enzymes in yeasts can be remediated by introducing the missing enzymes into strains having outstanding product-forming attributes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the cellulose- and xylan-degrading ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts known to date. We describe how these yeasts can be identified through bioprospecting and bioinformatic approaches and summarize available growth and enzymatic assays for strain characterization. Known and predicted CAZymes are extensively analyzed, both in individual species and in a phylogenetic perspective. We also describe the strategies used for construction of recombinant cellulolytic and xylanolytic strains as well as current applications for polysaccharide-degrading yeasts. Finally, we discuss the great potential of these yeasts as industrial cell factories, identify open research questions and provide suggestions for future investigations.
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| 11. |
- Sultanian, Pedram, et al.
(författare)
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Early ICD implantation following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a retrospective cohort study from the Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - 2044-6055. ; 14:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is unclear whether an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is generally beneficial in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).We studied the association between ICD implantation prior to discharge and survival in patients with cardiac aetiology or initial shockable rhythm in OHCA.We conducted a retrospective cohort study in the Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Treatment associations were estimated using propensity scores. We used gradient boosting, Bayesian additive regression trees, neural networks, extreme gradient boosting and logistic regression to generate multiple propensity scores. We selected the model yielding maximum covariate balance to obtain weights, which were used in a Cox regression to calculate HRs for death or recurrent cardiac arrest.All cases discharged alive during 2010 to 2020 with a cardiac aetiology or initial shockable rhythm were included. A total of 959 individuals were discharged with an ICD, and 2046 were discharged without one.Among those experiencing events, 25% did so within 90 days in the ICD group, compared with 52% in the other group. All HRs favoured ICD implantation. The overall HR (95%CI) for ICD versus no ICD was 0.38 (0.26 to 0.56). The HR was 0.42 (0.28 to 0.63) in cases with initial shockable rhythm; 0.18 (0.06 to 0.58) in non-shockable rhythm; 0.32 (0.20 to 0.53) in cases with a history of coronary artery disease; 0.36 (0.22 to 0.61) in heart failure and 0.30 (0.13 to 0.69) in those with diabetes. Similar associations were noted in all subgroups.Among survivors of OHCA, those discharged with an ICD had approximately 60% lower risk of death or recurrent cardiac arrest. A randomised trial is warranted to study this further.
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| 12. |
- Yari, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Eligibility for lipid-lowering therapy when applying systemic coronary risk estimation 2 according to guidelines on apparently healthy middle-aged individuals
- 2024
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims To estimate the proportion eligible for lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) when using the systemic coronary risk estimation 2 (SCORE2) on apparently healthy individuals.Methods and results Individuals aged 50-64 years were randomly invited to The Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study (n = 30 154). Participants with previous atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus, or chronic kidney disease were excluded. The 10-year risk of CVD was estimated using the SCORE2 equation and the multicell chart. Eligibility for LLT was estimated according to the 2021 European Society of Cardiology CVD prevention guidelines. Presence of coronary atherosclerosis was determined using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Among 26 570 apparently healthy individuals, 32% had high and 4% had very high 10-year CVD risk, according to the SCORE2 equation. Among high- and very-high-risk individuals, 99% had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels above guideline goals making 35% of the total population eligible for LLT. Of those eligible, undergoing imaging, 38% had no signs of coronary atherosclerosis according to CCTA. Using the SCORE2 chart, 52% of the population were eligible for LLT, of which 44% had no signs of coronary atherosclerosis. In those with high or very high risk, ongoing LLT was reported in 7% and another 11% received LLT within 6 months after study participation.Conclusion Nearly all apparently healthy individuals with high and very high CVD risk, or 35% of the total population, were eligible for LLT according to guidelines, and a large proportion had no signs of atherosclerosis. Compared with the SCORE2 equation, the SCORE2 chart resulted in more individuals being eligible for LLT. What proportion of an apparently healthy middle-aged population would be eligible for lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) according to the 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines when using systemic coronary risk estimation 2 (SCORE2)? What proportion of those eligible for LLT have atherosclerosis according to coronary imaging? According to the guidelines, nearly all individuals categorized as high and very high risk according to the SCORE2 equation, or 35% of the total population, were eligible for LLT, of which 38% had no signs of coronary atherosclerosis. These proportions increased when the SCORE2 multicell chart was used. Implementing SCORE2 and the ESC guidelines would result in more than one in three apparently healthy middle-aged individuals being eligible for LLT. A significant proportion would have no signs of coronary atherosclerosis.
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