| 1. |
- Andreasen, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Successful DNA amplification of a more than 200-year-old herbarium specimen : recovering genetic material from the Linnaean era
- 2009
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Ingår i: Taxon. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 58:3, s. 959-962
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The limit for successful DNA extraction was tested by amplification and sequencing of an over 200-year-old herbarium specimen collected by Adam Afzelius, a student of Carl Linnaeus. We amplified and sequenced a 800-bp region between 16S ribosomal DNA and the 3′ part of the trnI gene (16S-trnI) in the chloroplast genomeof Phaulopsis talbotii S. Moore (Acanthaceae). To test the replicability and to control for contamination the procedure was performed in sealed vials and with negative PCR controls. The procedure was also repeated in a separate laboratory. In addition, the chloroplast rpl16 intron was successfully amplified and sequenced and the rps16 intron amplified. Sequences of taxa closely related to Acanthaceae were found to be most similar to the produced sequences. The results suggest that molecular investigations of other 18th century botanical collections are feasible and that molecular methods could be employed for comparative studies to extant plant collections. An important application would be to identify descendants or clones of Linnaean lectotypes by comparing DNA from these with potentially remnant plants from Linnaeus’ cultivations.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lantz, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Three new species of Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) from Madagascar
- 2007
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Ingår i: Adansonia. - 1280-8571 .- 1639-4798. ; 29:1, s. 129-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three new species of the tribe Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) from Madagascar aredescribed with illustrations. Two species are placed in Pyrostria, one in Peponi-dium. Peponidium crassifolium is recognized by its thick and slightly succulentleaves, Pyrostria pendula by the pendulous flowers and persistent pedicels, andPyrostria serpentina by a serpentine habit and small leaves. The morphology andtaxonomic history of the dioecious genera of the tribe are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Mouly, Arnaud, et al.
(författare)
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Paraphyly of Ixora and new tribal delimitation of Ixoreae (Rubiaceae): Inference from combined chloroplast (rps16, rbcL and trnT-F) sequence data
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. ; 96, s. 146-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We performed phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of three chloroplast markers: rbcL, rps16, and trnT-F, to rigorously test the monophyly of competing circumscriptions of the tribe Ixoreae. Several genera traditionally or currently associated with the type genus Ixora L. were included in the analyses. Ixora as currently circumscribed appears paraphyletic, as many other genera are nested within it with strong support: Captaincookia N. Halle´, Doricera Verdc., Hitoa Nadeaud, Myonima Comm. ex Juss., Sideroxyloides Jacq., Thouarsiora Homolle ex Are`nes, and Versteegia Valeton. Further, Aleisanthia Ridl., Aleisanthiopsis Tange, and Greenea Wight & Arn. are more closely related to Ixora and allies than the monotypic genus Scyphiphora C. F. Gaertn. Consequently, Ixoreae fide Andreasen and Bremer (2000) is not monophyletic without an exclusion of Scyphiphora. Ixoreae fide Robbrecht and Manen (2006) is not monophyletic unless Captaincookia and Doricera are included. The monophyly of a morphologically heterogeneous Ixoreae alliance consisting of Ixora and its relatives Aleisanthia, Aleisanthiopsis, and Greenea is, however, strongly supported. In order to recognize monophyletic and morphologically consistent groups, we adopt a narrow circumscription of Ixoreae (including Bemsetia Raf., Captaincookia, Charpentiera Vieill., Doricera, Hitoa, Ixora, Myonima, Pancheria Montrouz., Sideroxyloides, Thouarsiora, Tsiangia But, H. H. Hsue & P. T. Li, and Versteegia), and two new tribes are erected for Aleisanthia + Aleisanthiopsis and Greenea, respectively. The Indo-Malesian Aleisanthieae and the pantropical Ixoreae s. str. are sister groups, and the Southeast Asian Greeneeae is sister to the Ixoreae–Aleisanthieae clade.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Mouly, Arnaud, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny and classification of the species-rich pantropical showy genus Ixora (Rubiaceae-Ixoreae) with indications of geographical monophyletic units and hybrids
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0002-9122 .- 1537-2197. ; 96, s. 686-706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species-rich genera often have various conflicting circumscriptions from independent regional fl ora treatments. Testing the monophyly of these groups of plants is an important step toward the establishment of a phylogenetic classifi cation. The genus Ixora of the tribe Ixoreae in the subfamily Ixoroideae (coffee family or Rubiaceae) is a species-rich pantropical genus of ca. 500 species. Phylogenetic analyses of Ixoreae based on combined sequence data from one nuclear (nrETS) and two chloroplast ( rps16 and trnT-F ) markers reveal the paraphyly of Ixora as presently delimited and also show that the tribe can be subdivided into three major clades: the Mascarene/neotropical/Malagasy/African clade, the Pacifi c clade, and the Asian clade. Given the lack of morphological synapomorphies supporting the different Ixora clades and the morphological consistency of the ingroup taxa, we propose a broad circumscription of Ixora including all its satellite genera: Captaincookia , Doricera , Hitoa , Myonima , Sideroxyloides , Thouarsiora, and Versteegia . The current infrageneric classifi cation of Ixora is not supported. The different Ixora subclades represent geographical units. Nuclear and chloroplast tree topologies were partially incongruent, indicating at least four potential natural hybridization events. Other confl icting positions for the cultivated species are most likely due to anthropogenic hybridization.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., et al.
(författare)
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Evolution and trends in the Psychotrieae alliance (Rubiaceae) - A rarely reported evolutionary change of many-seeded carpels from one-seeded carpels
- 2008
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 48:1, s. 207-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bayesian and parsimony analyses of five plastid gene and nrITS regions from 58 Rubioideae (Rubiaceae) taxa further support the sister-group relationship between the African monotypic genus Schizocolea and the Psychotrieae alliance sensu Bremer & Manen. Our analyses show that the Psychotrieae alliance can be subdivided into in four well-supported clades: Schizocolea, (Schradereae(Gaertnereae(Mitchelleae–Morindeae s.s.))), Palicoureeae–Psychotrieae s.s., and Craterispermeae–Prismatomerideae. The relationships between the latter three clades remain unsettled. Our study further reveals much higher numbers of molecular autapomorphies of the tribes compared with those of molecular synapomorphies of two sister tribes or groups of tribes. Within the newly delimited Psychotrieae alliance a one-seeded carpelwas inferred as ancestral and many- and two-seeded carpels evolved once each. We describe Mitchelleae to accommodate Damnacanthus and Mitchella and restrict Morindeae to include only Appunia, Coelospermum, Gynochthodes, Morinda, Pogonolobus, and Syphonandrium. Mitchelleae is characterized e.g., by placentae inserted near the top of the septum and a single campylotropous ovule per carpel, while Morindeae s.s. has massive and T-shaped placentae inserted in the middle of the septum and two anatropous ovules per carpel.
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| 12. |
- Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., et al.
(författare)
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Evolutionary trends, major lineages, and new generic limits in the dioecious group of the tribe vanguerieae (rubiaceae) : Insights into the evolution of functional dioecy
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. - : Missouri Botanical Garden Press. - 0026-6493 .- 2162-4372. ; 96, s. 161-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New generic circumscriptions of the Paleotropical tribe Vanguerieae in the subfamily Ixoroideae s.l. (Rubiaceae) have recently been established its a result of it series of phylogenetic studies conducted by Lantz and Bremer. The genus Canthium Lam. was shown in their study to be highly polyphyletic, and a largely dioecious group was for the first little identified within Vanguerieae. dioecious group sensu Lantz and Bremer comprises about 140 species classified in eight genera: Canthium (Canthium subg. Bullockia Bridson), Dinocanthium Bremek., Leroya Cavaco, Neoleroya Cavaco, Peponidium (Baill.) Arenes, Pseudopeponidium Homolles ex Arenes, Pyrostria Comm. ex Juss., and Scyphochlamys Balf. f. We sequenced 79 Vanguerieae taxa and performed phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from two nuclear (EN and ITS) markers to: (1) pinpoint the phylogenetic positions of the Comorean and Indian Ocean Canthium and the Southeast Asian Canthium confertum Korth. group in Vanguerieae; (2) evaluate the phylogenetic utility of three taxonomic characters (bract type, locule number, and fruit shape) previously and currently used for delimiting genera in the dioecious group; and (3) assess the evolution of functional dioecy in Vanguerieae. The results support it further disintegration of Canthium s.l., as the Comorean and Malagasy Canthium species are shown for the first time to be closely related to Peponidium. Similarly, C. confertum appears to have a close affinity with Cyclophyllum Hook. f. The combined analyses show that [lie dioecious group call he subdivide(] into four morphologically distinct clades formally recognized as genera: Bullockia (Bridson) Razafim., Lantz & B. Bremer, here elevated from Canthium subgen. Bullockia Bridson, Lis well its Cyclophyllum, Peponidium (including all Comorean, Malagasy, and Seychellean Canthium species), and Pyrostria (including Dinocanthium, Leroya, Neoleroya., Pseudopeponidium, and Scyphochlamys). All described species of Canthium subgen. Bullockia are transferred to Bullockia: B. dryscriton (Bullock) Razafim., Lantz & B. Bremer, B.fadenii (Bridson) Razafim., Lantz & B. Bremer, B. impressinervia (Bridson) Razafim., Lantz & B. Bremer, B. mombazensis (Baill.) Razafim., Lantz & B. Bremer, B. pseudosetiflora (Bridson) Razafim., Lantz & B. Bremer, and B. setiflora (Hiern) Razafim., Lantz & B. Bremer. Furthermore, the results seem to point to a single origin of functional dioecy followed by subsequent reversals [lack to tire hermaphroditic conditions at least within the Cyclophyllum-Canthium confertum clade and Pyrostria s.l. The Malagasy Bullockia species seem to have an African ancestor, whereas the Comorean Peponidium and the African Pyrostria appear to have originated from Malagasy progenitors.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Razafimandimbison, Sylvain
(författare)
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Molecular phylogenetics and generic assessment in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae–Rubioideae): How to circumscribe Morinda L. to be monophyletic?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. ; 52, s. 879-886
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most of the species of the family Rubiaceae with flowers arranged in head inflorescences are currently classified in three distantly related tribes, Naucleeae (subfamily Cinchonoideae) and Morindeae and Schradereae (subfamily Rubioideae). Within Morindeae the type genus Morinda is traditionally and currently circumscribed based on its head inflorescences and syncarpous fruits (syncarps). These characters are also present in some members of its allied genera, raising doubts about the monophyly of Morinda. We perform Bayesian phylogenetic analyses using combined nrETS/nrITS/trnT-F data for 67 Morindeae taxa and five outgroups from the closely related tribes Mitchelleae and Gaertnereae to rigorously test the monophyly of Morinda as currently delimited and assess the phylogenetic value of head inflorescences and syncarps in Morinda and Morindeae and to evaluate generic relationships and limits in Morindeae. Our analyses demonstrate that head inflorescences and syncarps in Morinda and Morindeae are evolutionarily labile. Morinda is highly paraphyletic, unless the genera Coelospermum, Gynochthodes, Pogonolobus, and Sarcopygme are also included. Morindeae comprises four well-supported and morphologically distinct major lineages: Appunia clade, Morinda clade (including Sarcopygme and the lectotype M. royoc), Coelospermum clade (containing Pogonolobus and Morinda reticulata), and Gynochthodes–Morinda clade. Four possible alternatives for revising generic boundaries are presented to establish monophyletic units. We favor the recognition of the four major lineages of Morindeae as separate genera, because this classification reflects the occurrence of a considerable morphological diversity in the tribe and the phylogenetic and taxonomic distinctness of its newly delimited genera.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Razafimandimbison, Sylvain, et al.
(författare)
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New combinations and names in Peponidium and Pyrostria (Rubiaceae, Vanguerieae)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Novon. - 1055-3177 .- 1945-6174. ; 17:4, s. 516-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The newly circumscribed dioeeious group (sensu Razafimandimbison et al.) of tribe Vanguerieae in the subfamily Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae) comprises over 200 species classified in four morphologically distinct genera: Cyclophyllum Hooker f., Peponidium (Baillon) Arenes, Pyrostria Commerson ex jussieu, and one new genus affined to species of Canthium subg. Bullockia Bridson. Here, we present a total of 3 7 new combinations, 20 of which are in Peponidium: P. alleizettei (Dubard & Dop) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. andringitrense (Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. ankaranense (Arenes ex Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, A anoveanum (Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. arenesianum (Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. blepharodon (Arenes ex Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. boinense (Arenes ex Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. bosseri (Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. buxifolium (Baker) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer (lectotypified here), P. cystiporon (Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. decaryi (Homolle ex Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. humbertianum (Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. latiflorum (Homolle ex Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. mandrarense (Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. marojejyense (Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. sahafaryense (Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. subevenium (K. Schumann) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. tamatavense (Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. venulosum (Boivin ex Baillon) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, and P. viguieri (Homolle ex Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer. The other 17 new combinations are in Pyrostria: P. ambongensis (Homolle ex Arenes) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. ampijoroensis (Arenes) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. ankaranensis (Cavaco) Razafirnandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. antsalovensis (Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. asosa (Arenes) Razafiniandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. capuronii (Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. ixorifolia (Homolle ex Arenes) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. longiflora (Cavaco) Razafiniandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. neriifolia (Homolle ex Arenes) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. oleifolia (Homolle ex Arenes) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. perrieri (Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. revolula (Balfour f.) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. richardiae (Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. sambavensis (Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. suarezensis (Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, P. tulearensis (Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, and P. verdcourtii (Cavaco) Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer. Finally, three new names, Peponidium sakalavense Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, Pyrostria antsirananensis Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, and Pyrostria louvelii Razafimandimbison, Lantz & B. Bremer, are published here.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Rydin, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Deep divergences in the coffee family and the systematic position of Acranthera
- 2009
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Ingår i: Plant Systematics and Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0378-2697 .- 1615-6110. ; 278, s. 101-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite extensive efforts, there are unresolved questions on evolutionary relationships in the angiosperm family Rubiaceae. Here, information from six loci and 149 Rubiaceae taxa provide new insights. Acranthera and Coptosapelta are strongly supported as sisters. Pollen grains of Acranthera possess several features common in Rubiaceae, but amongst potential similarities with the unusual grains of Coptosapelta are the nature of the apertures andthe structure of the sexine. Luculia, Acranthera and Coptosapelta are excluded from the three subfamilies Ixoroideae, Cinchonoideae and Rubioideae. Sipaneeae and Condamineeae form a clade, sister to remaining Ixoroideae. Rondeletieae and Guettardeae are sisters to remaining Cinchonoideae. Colletoecema is sister to remaining Rubioideae, followed by the Urophylleae–Ophiorrhizeae clade. Nuclear ITS provided structured information at all phylogenetic levels, but the main gain from adding nrITS was the increased resolution. Average support values also increased but were generally high also without nrITS andthe increase was not statistically significant.
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| 20. |
- Rydin, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Evolutionary relationships in the Spermacoceae alliance (Rubiaceae) using information from six molecular loci : insights into systematic affinities of Neohymenopogon and Mouretia
- 2009
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Ingår i: Taxon. - Wien : International Association for Plant Taxonomy. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 58:3, s. 793-810
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several recent phylogenetic studies of Rubiaceae have dealt with enigmatic taxa whose systematic positions have been previously unknown or controversial. We address evolutionary relationships in the Spermacoceae alliance (Rubioideae) with special emphasis on the Asian genera Mouretia and Neohymenopogon, here sequenced for the first time. Both genera belong in the tribe Argostemmateae and have persistent calyx lobeson the fruit in common with Argostemma and Mycetia. Other previous uncertainties are resolved with strong support; Saprosma is sister to Paederieae s.str. and Carpacoce is sister to remaining Anthospermeae. Our results further reveal some phylogenetic problems. Danaideae is sister to remaining taxa in the Spermacoceae alliance with high posterior probability, which contradicts results in a recent study. The uncertainty concerning evolutionary relationships of Dunnia and Theligonum is reinforced, despite a denser taxon sampling in the Spermacoceae alliance compared with earlier studies. We also demonstrate yet another example of the controversial correlation between molecular substitution rate and plant life history.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Rydin, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Rare and enigmatic genera (Dunnia, Schizocolea, Colletoecema), sisters to species-rich clades: Phylogeny and aspects of conservation biology in the coffee family
- 2008
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier. - 1055-7903. ; 48:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite extensive efforts, parts of the phylogeny of the angiosperm family Rubiaceae has not been resolved and consequently, character evolution, ancestral areas and divergence times of major radiations are difficult to estimate. Here, phylogenetic analyses of 149 taxa and five plastid gene regions show that three enigmatic genera are sisters to considerably species rich clades.The rare and endangered species Dunnia, endemic to southern Guangdong, China, is sister to a large clade in the Spermacoceae alliance; the rarely collected Schizocolea from western tropical Africa is sister to the Psychotrieae alliance; and Colletoecema from central tropical Africa is sister to remaining Rubioideae. The morphology of these taxa has been considered “puzzling”. In combination with further morphological studies, our results may help understanding the apparently confusing traits of these plants.Phylogenetic, morphological, and geographical isolation of Dunnia, Schizocolea and Colletocema may indicate high genetic diversity. They are lone representatives of unique lineages and if extinct, the loss would not only mean loss of genetic diversity of a single species but of an entire lineage.
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| 23. |
- Smedmark, Jenny E. E., et al.
(författare)
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A Phylogeny of Urophylleae (Rubiaceae) based on rps16 intron data
- 2008
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Ingår i: Taxon. - 0040-0262. ; 57:1, s. 24-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the first study of phylogenetic relationships within the pantropical group Urophylleae. Previous studies have included few representatives from this group and little is known about its phylogeny. Here we use sequence data from the rps16 intron to address the question of where the four genera Temnopteryx, Pentaloncha, Pleiocarpidia, and Poecilocalyx, which have sometimes been classified in this group belong. By using different outgroups we show that there is conflict regarding the resolution among lineages in Rubioideae, which partly affects the support for relationships within Urophylleae. Urophylleae is shown to consist of two sister groups, one larger consisting only of Old World taxa and one smaller including the New World genera Amphidasya and Raritebe, and as sister of these two groups the African monotypic genus Temnopteryx. Pentaloncha, Pleiocarpidia, and Poecilocalyx all belong in the large Old World clade, which only comprises taxa included in the original circumscription of Urophylleae. Relationships within this group are not completely resolved, but Poecilocalyx is found to be the sister of Stelechantha and Pleiocarpidia to be the sister of Urophyllum leucophleum. Urophyllum is paraphyletic, as it seems to include Maschalocorymbus, Pleiocarpidia, Praravinia, and Pravinaria. It is not clear from the present analysis whether Pauridiantha is monophyletic or not.
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| 24. |
- Thulin, Mats, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Ambilobea, a new genus from Madagascar, the position of Aucoumea, and comments on the tribal classification of the frankincense and myrrh family (Burseraceae)
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 26:04-mar, s. 218-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phylogenetic analyses of 46 species, representing all tribes and 14 out of 18 recognized genera of Burseraceae, are performed using nuclear ETS and plastid rps16 sequences. Boswellia madagascariensis, the only Malagasy species of this genus, is shown to belong to a clade comprising all sampled members of the current tribe Canarieae plus Triomma, whereas other species of Boswellia (including the type, B. serrata) form a clade that is strongly supported as sister to Garuga. A new genus, Ambilobea, is proposed for B. madagascariensis and the new combination A. madagascariensis is made. Ambilobea differs from Boswellia s. s. by being dioecious and by having valvate petals and, furthermore, is unique in the family by its winged tips to the petioles, by having pyrenes that remain attached to the detached valves of the fruit at dehiscence, and by its long-spinose pollen grains. Aucoumea, a monotypic central African rain forest genus, is strongly supported as sister to a clade with the arid-adapted Bursera and Commiphora. Boswellia s. s. and Garuga form a clade characterized by having hermaphroditic flowers. The relationships within Burseraceae emerging from this and previous phylogenetic studies are, on several points, in conflict with current tribal delimitation. The following suggestions for a new tribal classification of Burseraceae are made: 1) Beiselia, sister to the rest of the family, needs to be placed in a tribe of its own, Beiselieae, trib. nov., 2) Protieae should be restricted to Crepidospermum, Protium and Tetragastris, although generic rearrangements seem to be needed within this tribe, 3) Bursereae should be restricted to Aucoumea, Bursera and Commiphora, but generic rearrangements are needed in the Bursera-Commiphora complex, 4) the remaining genera, Ambilobea, Boswellia, Canarium, Dacryodes, Garuga, Haplolobus, Pseudodacryodes, Rosselia, Santiria, Scutinanthe, Trattinnickia and Triomma, are probably best placed in a broadly circumscribed Garugeae.
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| 25. |
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