| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
-
Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Jin, Ying-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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| 4. |
- Fenstermacher, M.E., et al.
(författare)
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DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
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| 5. |
- Hyde, K. D., et al.
(författare)
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Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa
- 2023
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Ingår i: MYCOSPHERE. - : Mushroom Research Foundation. - 2077-7000 .- 2077-7019. ; 14:1, s. 1960-2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, 'to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation', or 'are there too many genera in the Boletales?' and even more importantly, 'what should be done with the tremendously diverse 'dark fungal taxa?' There are undeniable differences in mycologists' perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based on scientific evidence with regards to nomenclature, classifications, and taxonomic concepts will be welcomed, and any recommendations on specific taxonomic issues will also be encouraged; however, we will encourage professionally and ethically responsible criticisms of others' work. This biannual ongoing project will provide an outlet for advances in various topics of fungal classification, nomenclature, and taxonomic concepts and lead to a community-agreed classification scheme for the fungi and fungus-like taxa. Interested parties should contact the lead author if they would like to be involved in future outlines.
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| 6. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 7. |
- Abercrombie, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Dark Matter benchmark models for early LHC Run-2 Searches : Report of the ATLAS/CMS Dark Matter Forum
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physics of the Dark Universe. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-6864. ; 27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This document is the final report of the ATLAS-CMS Dark Matter Forum, a forum organized by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations with the participation of experts on theories of Dark Matter, to select a minimal basis set of dark matter simplified models that should support the design of the early LHC Run-2 searches. A prioritized, compact set of benchmark models is proposed, accompanied by studies of the parameter space of these models and a repository of generator implementations. This report also addresses how to apply the Effective Field Theory formalism for collider searches and present the results of such interpretations.
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| 8. |
- Yang, Pengjie, et al.
(författare)
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A toolbox for genetic manipulation in intestinal Clostridium symbiosum
- 2024
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Ingår i: Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology. - 2405-805X. ; 9:1, s. 43-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gut microbes are closely related with human health, but remain much to learn. Clostridium symbiosum is a conditionally pathogenic human gut bacterium and regarded as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of intestinal tumors. However, the absence of an efficient toolbox that allows diverse genetic manipulations of this bacterium limits its in-depth studies. Here, we obtained the complete genome sequence of C. symbiosum ATCC 14940, a representative strain of C. symbiosum. On this basis, we further developed a series of genetic manipulation methods for this bacterium. Firstly, following the identification of a functional replicon pBP1 in C. symbiosum ATCC 14940, a highly efficient conjugative DNA transfer method was established, enabling the rapid introduction of exogenous plasmids into cells. Next, we constructed a dual-plasmid CRISPR/Cas12a system for genome editing in this bacterium, reaching over 60 % repression for most of the chosen genes as well as efficient deletion (>90 %) of three target genes. Finally, this toolbox was used for the identification of crucial functional genes, involving growth, synthesis of important metabolites, and virulence of C. symbiosum ATCC 14940. Our work has effectively established and optimized genome editing methods in intestinal C. symbiosum, thereby providing strong support for further basic and application research in this bacterium.
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| 9. |
- Abou Ghayda, Ramy, et al.
(författare)
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The global case fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 by continents and national income: A meta-analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - : WILEY. - 0146-6615 .- 1096-9071. ; 94:6, s. 2402-2413
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to provide a more accurate representation of COVID-19s case fatality rate (CFR) by performing meta-analyses by continents and income, and by comparing the result with pooled estimates. We used multiple worldwide data sources on COVID-19 for every country reporting COVID-19 cases. On the basis of data, we performed random and fixed meta-analyses for CFR of COVID-19 by continents and income according to each individual calendar date. CFR was estimated based on the different geographical regions and levels of income using three models: pooled estimates, fixed- and random-model. In Asia, all three types of CFR initially remained approximately between 2.0% and 3.0%. In the case of pooled estimates and the fixed model results, CFR increased to 4.0%, by then gradually decreasing, while in the case of random-model, CFR remained under 2.0%. Similarly, in Europe, initially, the two types of CFR peaked at 9.0% and 10.0%, respectively. The random-model results showed an increase near 5.0%. In high-income countries, pooled estimates and fixed-model showed gradually increasing trends with a final pooled estimates and random-model reached about 8.0% and 4.0%, respectively. In middle-income, the pooled estimates and fixed-model have gradually increased reaching up to 4.5%. in low-income countries, CFRs remained similar between 1.5% and 3.0%. Our study emphasizes that COVID-19 CFR is not a fixed or static value. Rather, it is a dynamic estimate that changes with time, population, socioeconomic factors, and the mitigatory efforts of individual countries.
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| 10. |
- Callaway, EM, et al.
(författare)
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A multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 598:7879, s. 86-102
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we report the generation of a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex as the initial product of the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN). This was achieved by coordinated large-scale analyses of single-cell transcriptomes, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylomes, spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomes, morphological and electrophysiological properties and cellular resolution input–output mapping, integrated through cross-modal computational analysis. Our results advance the collective knowledge and understanding of brain cell-type organization1–5. First, our study reveals a unified molecular genetic landscape of cortical cell types that integrates their transcriptome, open chromatin and DNA methylation maps. Second, cross-species analysis achieves a consensus taxonomy of transcriptomic types and their hierarchical organization that is conserved from mouse to marmoset and human. Third, in situ single-cell transcriptomics provides a spatially resolved cell-type atlas of the motor cortex. Fourth, cross-modal analysis provides compelling evidence for the transcriptomic, epigenomic and gene regulatory basis of neuronal phenotypes such as their physiological and anatomical properties, demonstrating the biological validity and genomic underpinning of neuron types. We further present an extensive genetic toolset for targeting glutamatergic neuron types towards linking their molecular and developmental identity to their circuit function. Together, our results establish a unifying and mechanistic framework of neuronal cell-type organization that integrates multi-layered molecular genetic and spatial information with multi-faceted phenotypic properties.
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| 11. |
- Lensink, Marc F., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of AlphaFold on structure prediction of protein complexes: The CASP15-CAPRI experiment
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proteins. - : WILEY. - 0887-3585 .- 1097-0134.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results for CAPRI Round 54, the 5th joint CASP-CAPRI protein assembly prediction challenge. The Round offered 37 targets, including 14 homodimers, 3 homo-trimers, 13 heterodimers including 3 antibody-antigen complexes, and 7 large assemblies. On average similar to 70 CASP and CAPRI predictor groups, including more than 20 automatics servers, submitted models for each target. A total of 21 941 models submitted by these groups and by 15 CAPRI scorer groups were evaluated using the CAPRI model quality measures and the DockQ score consolidating these measures. The prediction performance was quantified by a weighted score based on the number of models of acceptable quality or higher submitted by each group among their five best models. Results show substantial progress achieved across a significant fraction of the 60+ participating groups. High-quality models were produced for about 40% of the targets compared to 8% two years earlier. This remarkable improvement is due to the wide use of the AlphaFold2 and AlphaFold2-Multimer software and the confidence metrics they provide. Notably, expanded sampling of candidate solutions by manipulating these deep learning inference engines, enriching multiple sequence alignments, or integration of advanced modeling tools, enabled top performing groups to exceed the performance of a standard AlphaFold2-Multimer version used as a yard stick. This notwithstanding, performance remained poor for complexes with antibodies and nanobodies, where evolutionary relationships between the binding partners are lacking, and for complexes featuring conformational flexibility, clearly indicating that the prediction of protein complexes remains a challenging problem.
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| 12. |
- Li, Constance H., et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in oncogenic mutational processes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex differences have been observed in multiple facets of cancer epidemiology, treatment and biology, and in most cancers outside the sex organs. Efforts to link these clinical differences to specific molecular features have focused on somatic mutations within the coding regions of the genome. Here we report a pan-cancer analysis of sex differences in whole genomes of 1983 tumours of 28 subtypes as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. We both confirm the results of exome studies, and also uncover previously undescribed sex differences. These include sex-biases in coding and non-coding cancer drivers, mutation prevalence and strikingly, in mutational signatures related to underlying mutational processes. These results underline the pervasiveness of molecular sex differences and strengthen the call for increased consideration of sex in molecular cancer research.
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| 13. |
- Liu, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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How can smart technologies contribute to sustainable product lifecycle management?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 249
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Virtual Special Issue (VSI) was proposed on par with the fascinating and exponentially growing development of smart enabling technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT), Cyber-Physical System (CPS), Cloud Computing (CC), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data Analytics (BDA), Digital Twin (DT), etc, which have greatly advanced the development of sustainable smart manufacturing throughout the lifecycle. The VSI addressed issues that were not properly or even incorrectly addressed in the existing literature. The authors of this VSI sought to introduce new knowledge and debates to lead the research directions to new paths. The editorial team invited well-established researchers in this area and received about 40 highly qualified submissions, out of which 12 were accepted after standard peer-review procedure of the Journal of Cleaner Production, which covered the three main themes defined in the "Call-for-Papers". The contributing authors were from Brazil, China, Finland, Pakistan, Sweden, USA (in alphabetical order). The coordinators of this VSI are confident that the contents of this VSI will advance the science of digitalisation and will help society to make real progress towards sustainable societies. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
- Ma, Shuaiyin, et al.
(författare)
-
Data-driven sustainable intelligent manufacturing based on demand response for energy-intensive industries
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 274
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The circular economy plays an important role in energy-intensive industries, aiming to contribute to ethical sustainable societal development. Energy demand response is a key actor for cleaner production and circular economy strategy. In the Industry 4.0 context, the advanced technologies (e.g. cloud computing, Internet of things, cyber-physical system, digital twin and big data analytics) provide numerous opportunities for the implementation of a cleaner production strategy and the development of intelligent manufacturing. This paper presented a framework of data-driven sustainable intelligent/smart manufacturing based on demand response for energy-intensive industries. The technological architecture was designed to implement the proposed framework, and multi-level demand response models were developed based on machine, shop-floor and factory to save energy cost. Finally, an application of ball mills in a slurry shop-floor of a partner company was presented to demonstrate the proposed framework and models. Results showed that the energy efficiency of ball mills can be greatly improved. The energy cost of the slurry shop-floor saved approximately 19.33% by considering electricity demand response using particle swarm optimisation. This study provides a practical approach to make effective and energy-efficient decisions for energy-intensive manufacturing enterprises. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 15. |
- Ma, Shuaiyin, et al.
(författare)
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Digital twin and big data-driven sustainable smart manufacturing based on information management systems for energy-intensive industries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Science Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet of Things (IoT) technology, which has made manufacturing processes more smart, efficient and sustainable, has received increasing attention from the industry and academia. As one of the most important applications for IoT, sustainable smart manufacturing enables lower cost, higher productivity and flexibility, better quality and sustainability during the product lifecycle management. Over the years, numerous enterprises have promoted the implementation of both sustainable and smart manufacturing. In the Industry 4.0 context, a digital twin is widely used to achieve smart manufacturing, although this approach often ignores sustainability. This study aims to simultaneously consider digital twin and big data technologies to propose a sustainable smart manufacturing strategy based on information management systems for energy-intensive industries (EIIs) from the product lifecycle perspective. The integration of digital twin and big data provides key technologies for data acquisition in energy-intensive production environments, prediction and mining in uncertain environments as well as real-time control in complex working conditions. Moreover, a digital twin-driven operation mechanism and an overall framework of big data cleansing and integration are designed to explain and illustrate sustainable smart manufacturing. Two case studies from Southern and Northern China demonstrate the efficacy of the strategy, with the results showing that Companies A and B achieved the goals of energy saving and cost reduction after implementing the proposed strategy. By applying an energy management system, the unit energy consumption and energy cost of production in Company A decreased by at least 3%. In addition, the cradle-to-gate lifecycle big data analysis indicates that the costs of environmental protection in Company B decrease significantly. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy and some managerial insights for EIIs in China are analysed and discussed.
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| 16. |
- Nie, Shuai, et al.
(författare)
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Gapless genome assembly of azalea and multi-omics investigation into divergence between two species with distinct flower color
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 2662-6810 .- 2052-7276. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genus Rhododendron (Ericaceae), with more than 1000 species highly diverse in flower color, is providing distinct ornamental values and a model system for flower color studies. Here, we investigated the divergence between two parental species with different flower color widely used for azalea breeding. Gapless genome assembly was generated for the yellow-flowered azalea, Rhododendron molle. Comparative genomics found recent proliferation of long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs), especially Gypsy, has resulted in a 125 Mb (19%) genome size increase in species-specific regions, and a significant amount of dispersed gene duplicates (13 402) and pseudogenes (17 437). Metabolomic assessment revealed that yellow flower coloration is attributed to the dynamic changes of carotenoids/flavonols biosynthesis and chlorophyll degradation. Time-ordered gene co-expression networks (TO-GCNs) and the comparison confirmed the metabolome and uncovered the specific gene regulatory changes underpinning the distinct flower pigmentation. B3 and ERF TFs were found dominating the gene regulation of carotenoids/flavonols characterized pigmentation in R. molle, while WRKY, ERF, WD40, C2H2, and NAC TFs collectively regulated the anthocyanins characterized pigmentation in the red-flowered R simsii. This study employed a multi-omics strategy in disentangling the complex divergence between two important azaleas and provided references for further functional genetics and molecular breeding.
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| 17. |
- Park, Seung Hyun, et al.
(författare)
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Nonpharmaceutical interventions reduce the incidence and mortality of COVID-19: A study based on the survey from the International COVID-19 Research Network (ICRN)
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - : WILEY. - 0146-6615 .- 1096-9071. ; 95:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recently emerged novel coronavirus, "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)," caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has severely damaged the worlds most developed countries and has turned into a major threat for low- and middle-income countries. Since its emergence in late 2019, medical interventions have been substantial, and most countries relied on public health measures collectively known as nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We aimed to centralize the accumulative knowledge of NPIs against COVID-19 for each country under one worldwide consortium. International COVID-19 Research Network collaborators developed a cross-sectional online survey to assess the implications of NPIs and sanitary supply on the incidence and mortality of COVID-19. The survey was conducted between January 1 and February 1, 2021, and participants from 92 countries/territories completed it. The association between NPIs, sanitation supplies, and incidence and mortality were examined by multivariate regression, with the log-transformed value of population as an offset value. The majority of countries/territories applied several preventive strategies, including social distancing (100.0%), quarantine (100.0%), isolation (98.9%), and school closure (97.8%). Individual-level preventive measures such as personal hygiene (100.0%) and wearing facial masks (94.6% at hospitals; 93.5% at mass transportation; 91.3% in mass gathering facilities) were also frequently applied. Quarantine at a designated place was negatively associated with incidence and mortality compared to home quarantine. Isolation at a designated place was also associated with reduced mortality compared to home isolation. Recommendations to use sanitizer for personal hygiene reduced incidence compared to the recommendation to use soap. Deprivation of masks was associated with increased incidence. Higher incidence and mortality were found in countries/territories with higher economic levels. Mask deprivation was pervasive regardless of economic level. NPIs against COVID-19 such as using sanitizer, quarantine, and isolation can decrease the incidence and mortality of COVID-19.
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| 18. |
- Wang, Jin, et al.
(författare)
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Infinitely repeated game based real-time scheduling for low-carbon flexible job shop considering multi-time periods
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Production scheduling has great significance for optimizing tasks distribution, reducing energy consumption and mitigating environmental degradation. Currently, the research of production scheduling considering energy consumption mainly focuses on the traditional manufacturing workshop. With the wide application of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the real-time data of manufacturing resources and production processes can be retrieved easily. These manufacturing data can provide opportunities for manufacturing enterprises to reduce energy consumption and enhance production efficiency. To achieve these targets, a multi-period production planning based real-time scheduling (MPPRS) approach for the loT-enabled low-carbon flexible job shop (LFJS) is presented in this study to carry out real-time scheduling based on the real-time manufacturing data. Then, the mathematical models of real-time scheduling are established to achieve production efficiency improvement and energy consumption reduction. To obtain a feasible solution, an infinitely repeated game optimization approach is used. Finally, a case study is implemented to analyse and discuss the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that in general, the proposed method can achieve better results than the existing dynamic scheduling methods. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Wang, Ning, et al.
(författare)
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An active preventive maintenance approach of complex equipment based on a novel product-service system operation mode
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The product-service system (PSS) business model has received increasing attention in equipment maintenance studies, as it has the potential to provide high value-added services for equipment users and construct ethical principles for equipment providers to support the implementation of circular economy. However, the PSS providers in equipment industry are facing many challenges when implementing Industry 4.0 technologies. One important challenge is how to fully collect and analyse the operational data of different equipment and diverse users in widely varied conditions to make the PSS providers create innovative equipment management services for their customers. To address this challenge, an active preventive maintenance approach for complex equipment is proposed. Firstly, a novel PSS operation mode was developed, where complex equipment is offered as a part of PSS and under exclusive control by the providers. Then, a solution of equipment preventive maintenance based on the operation mode was designed. A deep neural network was trained to predict the remaining effective life of the key components and thereby, it can pre-emptively assess the health status of equipment. Finally, a real-world industrial case of a leading CNC machine provider was developed to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Higher accuracy for predicting the remaining effective life was achieved, which resulted in predictive identification of the fault features, proactive implementation of the preventive maintenance, and reduction of the PSS providers maintenance costs and resource consumption. Consequently, the result shows that it can help PSS providers move towards more ethical and sustainable directions. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 20. |
- Wang, Yingqi, et al.
(författare)
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Visualizing Light-Induced Microstrain and Phase Transition in Lead-Free Perovskites Using Time-Resolved X-Ray Diffraction
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 144:12, s. 5335-5341
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic applications in the last decade. A large amount of effort has been made to investigate the interplay between the crystalline lattice and photoexcited charge carriers as it is vital to their optoelectronic performance. Among them, ultrafast laser spectroscopy has been intensively utilized to explore the charge carrier dynamics of perovskites, from which the local structural information can only be extracted indirectly. Here, we have applied a time-resolved X-ray diffraction technique to investigate the structural dynamics of prototypical two-dimensional lead-free halide perovskite Cs3Bi2Br9nanoparticles across temporal scales from 80 ps to microseconds. We observed a quick recoverable (a few ns) photoinduced microstrain up to 0.15% and a long existing lattice expansion (∼a few hundred nanoseconds) at mild laser fluence. Once the laser flux exceeds 1.4 mJ/cm2, the microstrain saturates and the crystalline phase partially transfers into a disordered phase. This photoinduced transient structural change can recover within the nanosecond time scale. These results indicate that photoexcitation of charge carriers couples with lattice distortion, which fundamentally affects the dielectric environment and charge carrier transport.
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| 21. |
- Cao, Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Jointly estimating the most likely driving paths and destination locations with incomplete vehicular trajectory data
- 2023
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Ingår i: Transportation Research, Part C: Emerging Technologies. - 0968-090X. ; 155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With an ever-increasing deployment density of probe and fixed sensors, massive vehicular trajectory data is available and show a promising foundation to improve the observability of dynamic traffic demand pattern. However, due to technical and privacy issues, the raw trajectories are not always complete and the paths and destinations between discontinuous trajectory nodes are usually missing. This paper proposes a probabilistic method to jointly reconstruct the missing driving path and destination location of vehicles with incomplete trajectory data. One problem-specific HMM-structured model incorporating spatial and temporal analysis (ST-HMM) is constructed to define the matching probability between observed data and possible movement. Two algorithms, namely candidate set generation and best-match search algorithms, are developed to seek the most possible one as matching result. It can implement end-to-end processing from incomplete trajectory data to complete and connective paths and destinations for the target vehicle. The proposed method is tested based on field-test data and city-wide road network. Compared with two benchmark methods, the proposed method improved the matching accuracy in terms of both path identification and destination inference. Additionally, sensitivity analyses on the size of training dataset and candidate set were performed. We believe that experiment results of these sensitivity analyses can help to provide guidance on data sensing and candidate generation.
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| 22. |
- Ching, Tao-Chung, et al.
(författare)
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The JCMT BISTRO-2 Survey: Magnetic Fields of the Massive DR21 Filament
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 941:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present 850 mu m dust polarization observations of the massive DR21 filament from the B-fields In STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey, using the POL-2 polarimeter and the SCUBA-2 camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. We detect ordered magnetic fields perpendicular to the parsec-scale ridge of the DR21 main filament. In the subfilaments, the magnetic fields are mainly parallel to the filamentary structures and smoothly connect to the magnetic fields of the main filament. We compare the POL-2 and Planck dust polarization observations to study the magnetic field structures of the DR21 filament on 0.1-10 pc scales. The magnetic fields revealed in the Planck data are well-aligned with those of the POL-2 data, indicating a smooth variation of magnetic fields from large to small scales. The plane-of-sky magnetic field strengths derived from angular dispersion functions of dust polarization are 0.6-1.0 mG in the DR21 filament and similar to 0.1 mG in the surrounding ambient gas. The mass-to-flux ratios are found to be magnetically supercritical in the filament and slightly subcritical to nearly critical in the ambient gas. The alignment between column density structures and magnetic fields changes from random alignment in the low-density ambient gas probed by Planck to mostly perpendicular in the high-density main filament probed by James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. The magnetic field structures of the DR21 filament are in agreement with MHD simulations of a strongly magnetized medium, suggesting that magnetic fields play an important role in shaping the DR21 main filament and subfilaments.
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| 23. |
- Colombo, Armando Walter, et al.
(författare)
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A 70-Year Industrial Electronics Society Evolution Through Industrial Revolutions : The Rise and Flourishing of Information and Communication Technologies
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1932-4529 .- 1941-0115. ; 15:1, s. 115-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Industrial Revolution, which originally involved the change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to a market dominated by factory mechanization during the early 18th century, has profoundly shaped the world. It has progressed through four disruptive phases: Industry 1.0 through Industry 4.0. Industry 1.0 encompassed early automation, while Industry 2.0 began at the end of the 19th century, when enormous technological advances were made, such as mass production, electrification, and new modes of transportation. Industry 3.0 began during the 1970s, a decade that gave rise to the electronics, telecommunications, and computing that enable full automation and robotics. Industry 4.0 kicked off at the dawn of the third millennium, marked by the ubiquitous use of Internet technologies, which have radically transformed how people, society, and industry interact.
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| 24. |
- Dai, Cheng-ren, et al.
(författare)
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Composition and temperature dependence of alpha(2) phase decomposition in high Nb-containing lamellar gamma-TiAl alloys : Experiments and first-principles calculations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 221, s. 117419-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports an experimental and theoretical study of composition and temperature dependence of alpha(2) phase decomposition in lamellar gamma-Ti -(43 similar to 47)Al-(4 similar to 10)Nb alloys. The alpha(2) phase decomposes to nano-sized orthorhombic (O) phase in the alloys (the Nb content >= 5.5 at.%) at temperatures of 550 similar to 750 degrees C. The transformation temperature decreases with increasing the Al content, but increases with increasing the Nb content. The Nb partitioning coefficient between O and alpha(2) typically equals to 2, and decreases with increasing the Al content and temperature, confirming that the O phase transformation is controlled by Nb diffusion. The alpha(2) to omega(0) phase transformation takes place in the alloys (the Nb content > 7 at.%) at 800 degrees C. The blocky omega(0) phase is enriched in Nb and the Nb partitioning coefficient between omega(0) and alpha(2) is about 1.3, indicating that the omega(0) phase transformation is also related to Nb diffusion. The pseudo-binary phase diagram calculated by first-principles correctly predicts the alpha(2) to O phase transformation at temperature below 750 degrees C and alpha(2) to omega(0) phase transformation at temperature above 750 degrees C in the alloys. Since the alpha(2) phase is unstable thermodynamically at intermediate temperature, such kinds of alpha(2) to O and omega(0) phase transformations are considered necessarily for design of high Nb-containing gamma-TiAl alloys.
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| 25. |
- Fang, Li Tai, et al.
(författare)
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Establishing community reference samples, data and call sets for benchmarking cancer mutation detection using whole-genome sequencing
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Biotechnology. - : Springer Nature. - 1087-0156 .- 1546-1696. ; 39:9, s. 1151-1160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumor-normal paired DNA samples from a breast cancer cell line and a matched lymphoblastoid cell line enable calibration of clinical sequencing pipelines and benchmarking 'tumor-only' or 'matched tumor-normal' analyses. The lack of samples for generating standardized DNA datasets for setting up a sequencing pipeline or benchmarking the performance of different algorithms limits the implementation and uptake of cancer genomics. Here, we describe reference call sets obtained from paired tumor-normal genomic DNA (gDNA) samples derived from a breast cancer cell line-which is highly heterogeneous, with an aneuploid genome, and enriched in somatic alterations-and a matched lymphoblastoid cell line. We partially validated both somatic mutations and germline variants in these call sets via whole-exome sequencing (WES) with different sequencing platforms and targeted sequencing with >2,000-fold coverage, spanning 82% of genomic regions with high confidence. Although the gDNA reference samples are not representative of primary cancer cells from a clinical sample, when setting up a sequencing pipeline, they not only minimize potential biases from technologies, assays and informatics but also provide a unique resource for benchmarking 'tumor-only' or 'matched tumor-normal' analyses.
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| 26. |
- Gao, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical Investigation of the Performance Impact of Stator Tilting Endwall Designs on a Mixed Flow Turbine
- 2021
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY PROPULSION AND POWER. - : MDPI AG. - 2504-186X. ; 6:2, s. 14-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper numerically investigates stator endwall designs for a mixed flow turbine. One key design parameter studied is the tilting angle of the stator endwall. By examining stator designs with different tilting angles, the aim of this paper is to improve the efficiency of the studied mixed flow turbine at low velocity ratio working conditions. The performance curve at the design speed was chosen for the comparison between the baseline design and the tilted endwall designs. First, the numerical predictions for the baseline design were validated with experimental data. Then, to understand the mechanism of the performance variation between the different designs, the internal flow field was analyzed in detail. It was found that the tilting stator endwall could form a geometric "kink" in the endwall profiles. On the shroud side, certain designs with such kink caused local flow separations upstream the rotor leading edge. This separation could have the effect of reducing the intensity of the tip leakage vortex and the exit kinetic energy losses at the rotor outlet and may also improve the performance of the exhaust diffuser. As a result, the peak of the efficiency curve shifted toward lower velocity ratio. If the turbine stage incorporated a downstream exhaust diffuser, the optimal design in this study showed a shift of the velocity ratio of the peak efficiency point from 0.62 to 0.60 compared with the baseline. The maximum efficiency improvement was 1.3% points, which occurred at low velocity ratio. Meanwhile, the peak efficiency was 0.2% points higher than the baseline. If the exhaust diffuser was removed, a similar shift of the efficiency curve was observed but less efficiency gain was achieved at the low velocity ratio condition. A preliminary unsteady simulation was also conducted for the optimal design in this study.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Gong, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Cytochrome P450 oxidase 2J inhibition suppresses choroidal neovascularization in mice
- 2022
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Ingår i: Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-0495. ; 134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to blindness. It has been widely reported that increased intake of ω−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) diets reduce CNV. Of the three major pathways metabolizing ω−3 (and ω−6 LCPUFA), the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways generally produce pro-angiogenic metabolites from ω−6 LCPUFA and anti-angiogenic ones from ω−3 LCPUFA. Howevehr, cytochrome P450 oxidase (CPY) 2C produces pro-angiogenic metabolites from both ω−6 and ω−3 LCPUFA. The effects of CYP2J2 products on ocular neovascularization are still unknown. Understanding how each metabolic pathway affects the protective effect of ω−3 LCPUFA on retinal neovascularization may lead to therapeutic interventions. Objectives: To investigate the effects of LCPUFA metabolites through CYP2J2 pathway and CYP2J2 regulation on CNV both in vivo and ex vivo. Methods: The impact of CYP2J2 overexpression and inhibition on neovascularization in the laser-induced CNV mouse model was assessed. The plasma levels of CYP2J2 metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy. The choroidal explant sprouting assay was used to investigate the effects of CYP2J2 inhibition and specific LCPUFA CYP2J2 metabolites on angiogenesis ex vivo. Results: CNV was exacerbated in Tie2-Cre CYP2J2-overexpressing mice and was associated with increased levels of plasma docosahexaenoic acids. Inhibiting CYP2J2 activity with flunarizine decreased CNV in both ω−6 and ω−3 LCPUFA-fed wild-type mice. In Tie2-Cre CYP2J2-overexpressing mice, flunarizine suppressed CNV by 33 % and 36 % in ω−6, ω−3 LCPUFA diets, respectively, and reduced plasma levels of CYP2J2 metabolites. The pro-angiogenic role of CYP2J2 was corroborated in the choroidal explant sprouting assay. Flunarizine attenuated ex vivo choroidal sprouting, and 19,20-EDP, a ω−3 LCPUFA CYP2J2 metabolite, increased sprouting. The combined inhibition of CYP2J2 with flunarizine and CYP2C8 with montelukast further enhanced CNV suppression via tumor necrosis factor-α suppression. Conclusions: CYP2J2 inhibition augmented the inhibitory effect of ω−3 LCPUFA on CNV. Flunarizine suppressed pathological choroidal angiogenesis, and co-treatment with montelukast inhibiting CYP2C8 further enhanced the effect. CYP2 inhibition might be a viable approach to suppress CNV in AMD. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
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| 29. |
- Gu, Kaiyuan, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of topping and non-topping on growth-regulating hormones of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)—a proteomic analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - 1664-462X. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Until now, the mechanism underlying the impact of topping on hormone regulation in tobacco plants remains unclear, and most studies investigating the hormone signaling pathways in plants rely on genes or transcriptional pathways. Methods: This study examines the regulatory mechanisms of hormones in the roots and leaves of tobacco plants with and without topping at the protein level. Results: The results demonstrate that, compared with non-topped plants, topping leads to a decrease in the levels of IAA (auxin), ABA (abscisic acid), and GA (gibberellin) hormones in the leaves, whereas the content of the JA (jasmonic acid) hormone increases. Furthermore, in the roots, topping results in an increase in the levels of IAA, ABA, and JA hormones, along with a decrease in GA content. In the leaves, a total of 258 significantly different proteins were identified before and after topping, with 128 proteins upregulated and 130 proteins downregulated. In the roots, there were 439 proteins with significantly different quantities before and after topping, consisting of 211 upregulated proteins and 228 downregulated proteins. Notably, these proteins were closely associated with the metabolic and biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites, as indicated by functional categorization. Conclusions: When integrating the hormone changes and the proteomics results, it is evident that topping leads to increased metabolic activity and enhanced hormone synthesis in the root system. This research provides a theoretical foundation for further investigations into the regulation and signaling mechanisms of hormones at the protein level before and after topping in plants.
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| 30. |
- Han, Ziming, et al.
(författare)
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Three-Year Consecutive Field Application of Erythromycin Fermentation Residue Following Hydrothermal Treatment: Cumulative Effect on Soil Antibiotic Resistance Genes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2095-8099. ; 15, s. 78-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fermentation-based antibiotic production results in abundant nutrient-rich fermentation residue with high potential for recycling, but the high antibiotic residual concentration restricts its usefulness (e.g., in land application as organic fertilizer). In this study, an industrial-scale hydrothermal facility for the treatment of erythromycin fermentation residue (EFR) was investigated, and the potential risk of the long-term soil application of treated EFR promoting environmental antibiotic resistance development was evaluated. The treatment effectively removed bacteria and their DNA, and an erythromycin removal ratio of up to approximately 98% was achieved. The treated EFR was utilized as organic fertilizer for consecutive field applications from 2018 to 2020, with dosages ranging from 3750 to 15 000 kg∙hm−2, resulting in sub-inhibitory levels of erythromycin (ranging from 0.83–76.00 μg∙kg−1) in soils. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing was then used to characterize the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and bacterial community composition of the soils. The soil ARG abundance and diversity did not respond to the treated EFR application in the first year, but gradually changed in the second and third year of application. The highest fold change in relative abundance of macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin (MLS) and total ARGs were 12.59 and 2.75 times, compared with the control (CK; without application), respectively. The soil MGEs and taxonomic composition showed similar temporal trends to those of the ARGs, and appeared to assist in driving increasing ARG proliferation, as revealed by correlation analysis and structural equation models (SEMs). The relative abundance of particular erm resistance genes (RNA methyltransferase genes) increased significantly in the third year of treated EFR application. The close association of erm with MGEs suggested that horizontal gene transfer played a critical role in the observed erm gene enrichment. Metagenomic binning results demonstrated that the proliferation of mac gene-carrying hosts was responsible for the increased abundance of mac genes (efflux pump genes). This study shows that sub-inhibitory levels of erythromycin in soils had a cumulative effect on soil ARGs over time and emphasizes the importance of long-term monitoring for assessing the risk of soil amendment with treated industrial waste.
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| 31. |
- Huang, C. Y., et al.
(författare)
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The Cardamine enshiensis genome reveals whole genome duplication and insight into selenium hyperaccumulation and tolerance
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cell Discovery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2056-5968. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardamine enshiensis is a well-known selenium (Se)-hyperaccumulating plant. Se is an essential trace element associated with many health benefits. Despite its critical importance, genomic information of this species is limited. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome assembly of C. enshiensis, which consists of 443.4 Mb in 16 chromosomes with a scaffold N50 of 24 Mb. To elucidate the mechanism of Se tolerance and hyperaccumulation in C. enshiensis, we generated and analyzed a dataset encompassing genomes, transcriptomes, and metabolomes. The results reveal that flavonoid, glutathione, and lignin biosynthetic pathways may play important roles in protecting C. enshiensis from stress induced by Se. Hi-C analysis of chromatin interaction patterns showed that the chromatin of C. enshiensis is partitioned into A and B compartments, and strong interactions between the two telomeres of each chromosome were correlated with histone modifications, epigenetic markers, DNA methylation, and RNA abundance. Se supplementation could affect the 3D chromatin architecture of C. enshiensis at the compartment level. Genes with compartment changes after Se treatment were involved in selenocompound metabolism, and genes in regions with topologically associated domain insulation participated in cellular responses to Se, Se binding, and flavonoid biosynthesis. This multiomics research provides molecular insight into the mechanism underlying Se tolerance and hyperaccumulation in C. enshiensis.
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| 32. |
- Jiang, Ziyu, et al.
(författare)
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HLA class I genes modulate disease risk and age at onset together with DR-DQ in Chinese patients with insulin-requiring type 1 diabetes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 64:9, s. 2026-2036
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis: The study aimed to investigate the effects of HLA class I genes on susceptibility to type 1 diabetes with different onset ages, in addition to the well-established effects of HLA class II genes. Methods: A total of 361 patients with type 1 diabetes (192 patients with onset <18 years and 169 patients with onset ≥18 years) and 500 healthy control participants from China were enrolled and genotyped for the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DQA1, -DQB1 and -DRB1 genes using next-generation sequencing. Results: The susceptible DR3 (β = −0.09, p = 0.0009) and DR4-DQ8 (β = −0.13, p = 0.0059) haplotypes were negatively associated with onset age, while the protective DR11 (β = 0.21, p = 0.0314) and DR12 (β = 0.27, p < 0.0001) haplotypes were positively associated with onset age. After adjustment for linkage disequilibrium with DR-DQ haplotypes, A*11:01:01 was positively associated with onset age (β = 0.06, p = 0.0370), while the susceptible C*15:02:01 was negatively associated with onset age (β = −0.21, p = 0.0050). The unit for β was double square-root (fourth root) transformed years of change in onset age associated with per copy of the HLA haplotype/allele. In addition, B*46:01:01 was protective (OR 0.41, 0.46; pc [corrected for multiple comparisons] = 0.0044, 0.0040), whereas A*24:02:01 (OR 2.71, 2.25; pc = 0.0003, 0.0002) and B*54:01:01 (OR 3.96, 3.79; pc = 0.0018, 0.0004) were predisposing in both the <18 group and the ≥18 group compared with healthy control participants. In the context of DR4-DQ4, A*11:01:01 (61.29% vs 28.26%, pc = 0.0144) was increased while the predisposing A*24:02:01 (19.35% vs 47.83%, pc = 0.0403) was decreased in patients with onset ≥18 years when compared with patients with onset <18 years. Conclusions/interpretation: In addition to DR-DQ haplotypes, novel HLA class I alleles were detected to play a role in susceptibility to type 1 diabetes with different onset ages, which could improve the understanding of disease heterogeneity and has implications for the design of future studies. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
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| 33. |
- Jones, Benedict C, et al.
(författare)
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To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 5:1, s. 159-169
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .
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| 34. |
- Lee, Chunsik, et al.
(författare)
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VEGF-B prevents excessive angiogenesis by inhibiting FGF2/FGFR1 pathway
- 2023
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Ingår i: SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY. - : SPRINGERNATURE. - 2095-9907 .- 2059-3635. ; 8:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although VEGF-B was discovered as a VEGF-A homolog a long time ago, the angiogenic effect of VEGF-B remains poorly understood with limited and diverse findings from different groups. Notwithstanding, drugs that inhibit VEGF-B together with other VEGF family members are being used to treat patients with various neovascular diseases. It is therefore critical to have a better understanding of the angiogenic effect of VEGF-B and the underlying mechanisms. Using comprehensive in vitro and in vivo methods and models, we reveal here for the first time an unexpected and surprising function of VEGF-B as an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis by inhibiting the FGF2/FGFR1 pathway when the latter is abundantly expressed. Mechanistically, we unveil that VEGF-B binds to FGFR1, induces FGFR1/VEGFR1 complex formation, and suppresses FGF2-induced Erk activation, and inhibits FGF2-driven angiogenesis and tumor growth. Our work uncovers a previously unrecognized novel function of VEGF-B in tethering the FGF2/FGFR1 pathway. Given the anti-angiogenic nature of VEGF-B under conditions of high FGF2/FGFR1 levels, caution is warranted when modulating VEGF-B activity to treat neovascular diseases.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Liang, Yue, et al.
(författare)
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Late Ordovician lingulid brachiopods from the Pingliang Formation (Shaanxi Province, North China) : Morphological and ecological implications
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1367-9120 .- 1878-5786. ; 263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brachiopods first appeared in the early Cambrian and persist till present. They are one of the main lineages of marine invertebrates that diversified throughout the Paleozoic and reached their maximum diversity of high-rank taxonomy during the Ordovician. During this time interval, brachiopods were mainly dominated by the articulated Orthida and Strophomenida, which represent major components of the Paleozoic Evolutionary Fauna; however, the inarticulated lingulid brachiopods (Order Lingulida) were comparatively less abundant and received less attention during this time period. Here, we report a new record of the lingulid brachiopod Anomaloglossa porca from the Upper Ordovician (Sandbian) Pingliang Formation of the Xilinggou Section, Shaanxi Province, North China. Collected specimens are preserved as calcium phosphatic shells with highly mineralization which preserve detailed morphology and shell ornamentation of both ventral and dorsal valves. The new occurrence of A. porca extends its paleogeographic distribution from Gondwana and Tarim to North China Platform. Moreover, comprehensive geometric morphometric analysis of A. porca is performed and the results indicate that both the shell shape and pseudointerarea are very close to the recent infaunal lingulids. If interpreted correctly, the fossils represent the first example of infaunal lifestyles achieved by Ordovician lingulids from North China, exhibiting the ecological complexities of the Late Ordovician benthos composed of epibenthos and infaunas as well.
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| 41. |
- Liao, Wenlong, et al.
(författare)
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Fault diagnosis of power transformers using graph convolutional network
- 2021
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Ingår i: CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems. - : Power System Technology Press. - 2096-0042. ; 7:2, s. 241-249
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Existing methods for transformer fault diagnosis either train a classifier to fit the relationship between dissolved gas and fault type or find some similar cases with unknown samples by calculating the similarity metrics. Their accuracy is limited, since they are hard to learn from other algorithms to improve their own performance. To improve the accuracy of transformer fault diagnosis, a novel method for transformer fault diagnosis based on graph convolutional network (GCN) is proposed. The proposed method has the advantages of two kinds of existing methods. Specifically, the adjacency matrix of GCN is utilized to fully represent the similarity metrics between unknown samples and labeled samples. Furthermore, the graph convolutional layers with strong feature extraction ability are used as a classifier to find the complex nonlinear relationship between dissolved gas and fault type. The back propagation algorithm is used to complete the training process of GCN. The simulation results show that the performance of GCN is better than that of the existing methods such as convolutional neural network, multi-layer perceptron, support vector machine, extreme gradient boosting tree, k-nearest neighbors and Siamese network in different input features and data volumes, which can effectively meet the needs of diagnostic accuracy.
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| 42. |
- Long, Jianzhan, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Influences of Cr contents on oxidation behavior of WC-Co-Ni-Cr cemented carbides at 900 °C
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. - 0263-4368 .- 2213-3917. ; 118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modification of binder composition is an effective way to improve the oxidation resistance of WC-Co-Ni-Cr cemented carbide. Since the adjustment of Ni and Cr contents in the Co-Ni-Cr binder alters the oxidation behavior and oxidation products, WC-Co-Ni-Cr cemented carbide is expected to achieve excellent oxidation resistance in severe service conditions. In this paper, the influences of Cr contents in Co-Ni-Cr binder phase with a fixed total amount of Co and Ni on the oxidation behavior of WC-Co-Ni-Cr cemented carbides at 900 °C was investigated. The oxide morphology and phase distribution were focused. The oxidation mechanism of WC-Co-Ni-Cr cemented carbide was discussed. It has been shown that Co-rich regions are preferentially oxidized in the initial stage of oxidation. As oxidation proceeds (60 min), the dominant oxidation product on the alloy surface is NiO. The oxidation resistance of the WC-Co-Ni-Cr cemented carbide increases with increasing Cr content in the binder. Compared to the series of WC-2Co-11Ni-xCr, WC-6.5Co-6.5Ni-xCr presents a better overall oxidation resistance due to the formation of Cr2O5 in the middle of the oxide layer.
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| 43. |
- Ma, Lin Lu, et al.
(författare)
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 Related Clinical Studies : A Cross-Sectional Analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Pharmacology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-9812. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The quality and rationality of many recently registered clinical studies related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) needs to be assessed. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the current status of COVID-19 related registered clinical trial. Methods: We did an electronic search of COVID-19 related clinical studies registered between December 1, 2019 and February 21, 2020 (updated to May 28, 2020) from the ClinicalTrials.gov, and collected registration information, study details, recruitment status, characteristics of the subjects, and relevant information about the trial implementation process. Results: A total of 1,706 studies were included 10.0% of which (n=171) were from France, 943 (55.3%) used an interventional design, and 600 (35.2%) used an observational design. Most of studies (73.6%) aimed to recruit fewer than 500 people. Interferon was the main prevention program, and antiviral drugs were the main treatment program. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine (230/943, 24.4%) were widely studied. Some registered clinical trials are incomplete in content, and 37.4% of the 1,706 studies may have had insufficient sample size. Conclusion: The quality of COVID-19 related studies needs to be improved by strengthening the registration process and improving the quality of clinical study protocols so that these clinical studies can provide high-quality clinical evidence related to COVID-19.
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| 44. |
- Pan, Linfeng, et al.
(författare)
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High carrier mobility along the [111] orientation in Cu2O photoelectrodes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 628:8009, s. 765-770
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solar fuels offer a promising approach to provide sustainable fuels by harnessing sunlight1,2. Following a decade of advancement, Cu2O photocathodes are capable of delivering a performance comparable to that of photoelectrodes with established photovoltaic materials3,4,5. However, considerable bulk charge carrier recombination that is poorly understood still limits further advances in performance6. Here we demonstrate performance of Cu2O photocathodes beyond the state-of-the-art by exploiting a new conceptual understanding of carrier recombination and transport in single-crystal Cu2O thin films. Using ambient liquid-phase epitaxy, we present a new method to grow single-crystal Cu2O samples with three crystal orientations. Broadband femtosecond transient reflection spectroscopy measurements were used to quantify anisotropic optoelectronic properties, through which the carrier mobility along the [111] direction was found to be an order of magnitude higher than those along other orientations. Driven by these findings, we developed a polycrystalline Cu2O photocathode with an extraordinarily pure (111) orientation and (111) terminating facets using a simple and low-cost method, which delivers 7 mA cm−2 current density (more than 70% improvement compared to that of state-of-the-art electrodeposited devices) at 0.5 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode under air mass 1.5 G illumination, and stable operation over at least 120 h.
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| 45. |
- Piponiot, Camille, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution of biomass dynamics in relation to tree size in forests across the world
- 2022
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 234, s. 1664-1677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tree size shapes forest carbon dynamics and determines how trees interact with their environment, including a changing climate. Here, we conduct the first global analysis of among-site differences in how aboveground biomass stocks and fluxes are distributed with tree size. We analyzed repeat tree censuses from 25 large-scale (4–52 ha) forest plots spanning a broad climatic range over five continents to characterize how aboveground biomass, woody productivity, and woody mortality vary with tree diameter. We examined how the median, dispersion, and skewness of these size-related distributions vary with mean annual temperature and precipitation. In warmer forests, aboveground biomass, woody productivity, and woody mortality were more broadly distributed with respect to tree size. In warmer and wetter forests, aboveground biomass and woody productivity were more right skewed, with a long tail towards large trees. Small trees (1–10 cm diameter) contributed more to productivity and mortality than to biomass, highlighting the importance of including these trees in analyses of forest dynamics. Our findings provide an improved characterization of climate-driven forest differences in the size structure of aboveground biomass and dynamics of that biomass, as well as refined benchmarks for capturing climate influences in vegetation demographic models.
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| 46. |
- Qian, Junpeng, et al.
(författare)
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Vision-Based Contactless Pose Estimation for Human Thermal Discomfort
- 2020
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Ingår i: Atmosphere. - : MDPI. - 2073-4433. ; 11:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time and effective human thermal discomfort detection plays a critical role in achieving energy efficient control of human centered intelligent buildings because estimation results can provide effective feedback signals to heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. How to detect occupant thermal discomfort is a challenge. Unfortunately, contact or semi-contact perception methods are inconvenient in practical application. From the contactless perspective, a kind of vision-based contactless human discomfort pose estimation method was proposed in this paper. Firstly, human pose data were captured from a vision-based sensor, and corresponding human skeleton information was extracted. Five thermal discomfort-related human poses were analyzed, and corresponding algorithms were constructed. To verify the effectiveness of the algorithms, 16 subjects were invited for physiological experiments. The validation results show that the proposed algorithms can recognize the five human poses of thermal discomfort.
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| 47. |
- Qiang, Yongjia, et al.
(författare)
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Atypical location of primary cardiac lymphoma in the left heart with atypical clinical presentation: A case report and literature review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Surgery. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 2296-875X. ; 9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPrimary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is a rare and aggressive cardiac tumor with very poor prognosis that occurs mostly in the right cardiac cavity. Early diagnosis and treatment may improve its prognosis. In the present report, we describe the diagnosis and treatment of a primary cardiac diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PC-DLBCL) with atypical location and clinical presentation. Additionally, a literature review was conducted to summarize the current knowledge of the disease. Case PresentationA 71-year-old man visited his local hospital because of syncope, recurrent chest tightness, shortness of breath, palpitations, and profuse sweating for more than 20 days. Chest radiography revealed a mediastinal mass. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) showed multiple enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed a cardiac mass in the posterior-inferior wall of the left atrium. He was then transferred to our hospital for positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) which showed active uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose both in the cardiac mass and in the multiple enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Biopsy of the enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes was carried out by using video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) technique, and pathological examination confirmed the subtype of PC-DLBCL, Stage IV, NCCN IPI 3. Therefore, the patient received a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy with R-CDOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, liposome doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). After four courses of treatment in 4 months, the cardiac lymphoma and the enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes achieved complete remission with mild side effects of the chemotherapy. ConclusionEarly diagnosis and a precise choice of chemotherapy and immunotherapy based on cardiac imaging and pathological examination may improve the prognosis of PC-DLBCL in an atypical location.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Ren, Luyao, et al.
(författare)
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Quartet DNA reference materials and datasets for comprehensively evaluating germline variant calling performance
- 2023
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Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Genomic DNA reference materials are widely recognized as essential for ensuring data quality in omics research. However, relying solely on reference datasets to evaluate the accuracy of variant calling results is incomplete, as they are limited to benchmark regions. Therefore, it is important to develop DNA reference materials that enable the assessment of variant detection performance across the entire genome.RESULTS: We established a DNA reference material suite from four immortalized cell lines derived from a family of parents and monozygotic twins. Comprehensive reference datasets of 4.2 million small variants and 15,000 structural variants were integrated and certified for evaluating the reliability of germline variant calls inside the benchmark regions. Importantly, the genetic built-in-truth of the Quartet family design enables estimation of the precision of variant calls outside the benchmark regions. Using the Quartet reference materials along with study samples, batch effects are objectively monitored and alleviated by training a machine learning model with the Quartet reference datasets to remove potential artifact calls. Moreover, the matched RNA and protein reference materials and datasets from the Quartet project enables cross-omics validation of variant calls from multiomics data.CONCLUSIONS: The Quartet DNA reference materials and reference datasets provide a unique resource for objectively assessing the quality of germline variant calls throughout the whole-genome regions and improving the reliability of large-scale genomic profiling.
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| 50. |
- Ren, Qiannan, 1994, et al.
(författare)
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A Dual Circularly Polarized Array Antenna for Ka-Band Satellite Communications
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, ISAP 2021.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents a dual circularly polarized 8-by-8 array antenna using inbuilt polarizers for satellite communications. The design consists of five metal layers, including two feeding layers for the dual circular polarizations and a polarizer layer that utilizes a pair of sector cavities as phase delay elements for each sub-array. Two corporate feeding networks using folded E-plane and H-plane T-junctions are proposed to excite the radiating elements. Simulated results of the array antenna have shown that the axial ratios are less than 1 dB from 29 to 31 GHz for both polarizations. The realized gains for both polarizations are larger than 25 dBi at center frequency.
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