| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Fehrman-Ekholm, Ingela, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Post-nephrectomy development of renal function in living kidney donors: a cross-sectional retrospective study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2385 .- 0931-0509. ; 26:7, s. 2377-2381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of living donor kidney transplantations calls for better knowledge about long-term donor outcomes and risks. METHODS: To explore long-term kidney donor outcomes and risks, we conducted a cross sectional retrospective study. To this end, we analysed renal function using measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as well as microalbuminuria, blood pressure (BP), body mass index, haemoglobin, albumin and parathyroid hormone in kidney donors nephrectomized between 1965 and 2005. RESULTS: A total number of 573 kidney donors agreed to undergo medical follow-up examinations. The mean age (standard deviation) at donation was 47 (11) years and the mean time since donation was 14 (9) years. Both mean mGFR [68 (15) mL/min/1.73m(2) body surface; P = 0.028] and mean eGFR [71 (16) mL/min/1.73m(2) body surface; P < 0.001], based on modified diet renal dysfunction and iohexol or Cr-EDTA clearance, respectively, were found to decrease with age and to increase with time since donation. Special multivariable regression analyses reveal that for 30-year old donors, the median eGFR typically increases during the first 17 years, then remains constant for ∼8 years and slowly declines thereafter. For 50-year-old donors, the median eGFR is expected to increase during the first 15 years or so and then to enter a phase of slight progressive decline. In total, 23% (126/546) of the donors were on antihypertensive medication. An additional 22% (117/543) of the donors were found to suffer from hitherto undiagnosed hypertension (BP >140/90 mm Hg). CONCLUSION: Renal function of the remaining kidney in living donors is expected to improve for many years but will show signs of slight deterioration in the longer run.
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| 3. |
- Flodén, Anne, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes to organ donation among Swedish ICU nurses.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical nursing. - : Wiley. - 1365-2702 .- 0962-1067. ; 20:21-22, s. 3183-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To present data on Swedish ICU nurses' attitudes to brain death and organ donation and to test a questionnaire designed to explore these issues in terms of validity and reliability.
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| 4. |
- Flodén, Anne, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Instrument: Attitudes Towards Organ Donor Advocacy Scale (ATODAS).
- 2011
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Ingår i: The open nursing journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1874-4346. ; 5, s. 65-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The consequences of advocacy in nursing are critical when caring for a potential organ donor. No specific instrument has been available to measure attitudes toward organ donor advocacy. The aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically evaluate an instrument for measuring intensive and critical care (ICU) nurses' attitudes toward organ donor advocacy. The study was conducted in two stages: instrument development and instrument evaluation and refinement. A questionnaire was developed (Attitude Toward Organ Donor Advocacy Scale (ATODAS)), which was sent to half of all nurses working in ICUs (general-, neuro-, thoracic- or paediatric-) in Sweden (n=1180). The final response rate was 42.5% (n=502). In order to explore validity and reliability, the expected scale dimensionality of the questionnaire was examined both by explorative principal component analysis (with oblique, varimax rotation) and by confirmatory multi-trait analysis. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the ATODAS could best be explained by five factors; Attitudes toward championing organ donation at a structural hospital level; Attitudes toward championing organ donation at a political and research level; Attitudes toward actively and personally safeguarding the will and wishes of the potential organ donor, Attitudes toward safeguarding the potential donor's will and wishes by a professional approach and Attitudes toward safeguarding the will and wishes of the relatives. This initial testing indicated that the ATODAS has good psychometric properties and can be used in future research to explore if interventions may influence attitudes and behaviors related to organ donor advocacy.
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| 5. |
- Friman, Styrbjörn, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Kidney transplantation--a 46-year experience from the Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Clinical transplants. - 0890-9016. ; , s. 119-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The limiting factor in organ transplantation is the availability of organs. Ongoing work to improve donation rates both at the public and the organizational level in donating hospitals is essential. We also think that encouragement of live donation is important, and the possibility of ABO incompatible transplantation has increased the number of LD transplantations. The one-year graft survival rate is excellent and focus has shifted towards achieving long-term results to reduce the attrition rate. There is also an increasing interest in studying and working to reduce comorbidities on a long-term basis and thus, improve survival rates and recipient quality of life.
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| 6. |
- Friman, Styrbjörn, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma: Selection is essential for acceptable results.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 46:3, s. 370-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background and aims. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is considered a contraindication for liver transplantation by most liver transplant centers. The aim of this study has been to report our results as well as to explore factors that influence patient survival after liver transplantation for CCA. Patients. All transplant patients with CCA in Norway, Sweden and Finland during 1984-2005 were included (n = 53). Thirty-three patients (62%) had intrahepatic CCA. Twenty-one patients (40%) had a more advanced tumor (>TNM stage 2). Thirty-four of the 53 recipients (64%) had primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Results. Patients with TNM stage ≤2 transplanted after 1995 had a 5-year survival rate of 48%. The overall 5-year patient survival rate was 25%. There was no difference in survival between patients with extrahepatic and intrahepatic CCA. The 5-year survival rate among patients with TNM stage ≤2 was 36%. Patients with TNM stage >2 had a 10% 5-year survival rate; the difference was significant at p < 0.01. Patients transplanted after 1995 had a significantly better 5-year survival rate than pre-1995 patients (38% vs. 0%, p < 0.01). Patients transplanted after 1995 with TNM ≤2 and CA 19-9 ≤100 had the 5-year survival of 58%. Conclusion. By selecting CCA patients with TNM stage ≤2 and a CA 19-9 ≤100 a reasonable 5-year survival rate is possible. We think that CCA in selected cases can be an acceptable indication for liver transplantation.
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| 7. |
- Högberg, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Bremsstrahlung imaging of 90Y microspheres shows poor resemblance with distributions of 99mTc-MAA in liver
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. - 0167-8140. ; 94:1, s. 25-26
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PURPOSE To study the resemblance between the distributions of pre- therapeutic 99mTc-MAA and therapeutic 90Y-microspheres, used for ra- dioembolization of liver tumours, making use of gamma- and bremsstrahlung imaging. Furthermore, to establish the accuracy of this method by compar- isons of spatial resolution and radioactivity, performed on line source in water phantom and on resected tumour and normal liver from patients previously treated with 90Y-microspheres. MATERIALS 3 patients diagnosed with liver tumours and planned for surgery; 1 with hepatocellular carcinoma and 2 with cholangiocarcinoma, were treated with SIRTEX R © 90Y-microspheres after standard diagnostic SPECT/CT imag- ing with 99mTc-MAA. The images acquired with gamma camera were com- pared regarding distributions of radioactivity; gamma radiation from the 99mTc-MAA distributions and bremsstrahlung from the distributions of 90Y- microspheres (the latter with a wide bremsstrahlung energy window). Resec- tions of tumour- and some normal liver tissues were performed on all three patients; the resected tissues were sliced, smaller samples were punched out and the radioactivity was measured with a NaI-detector. Furthermore, autoradiography was performed on some slices. A line source with the in- ner diameter 1 mm was positioned in a cylindrical water phantom with the diameter 20 cm; first the line source was filled with 99mTc, then emptied and filled with 90Y. SPECT/CT imaging was performed on both line source se- tups. The spatial resolutions for both radionuclides were then compared. The results from the imaging comparisons performed on the patients were then evaluated with the complementary radiological methods described above. RESULTS The comparison of images from 99mTc-MAA and 90Y showed a considerable deviance in activity distribution for two of the patients. One ex- ample is shown in the figure, the upper image showing 99mTc-MAA and the lower showing 90Y-microspheres. The moderate difference in spatial resolu- tions for 99mTc and 90Y, (15 vs 18 mm FWHM) confirmed the accuracy of these findings. The other radiological methods did also confirm the macro- scopic activity distribution as shown with bremsstrahlung imaging. CONCLUSIONS Bremsstrahlung imaging is a satisfying and reliable method in showing the actual macroscopic distribution of therapeutic 90Y-microspheres used for radioembolization of liver tumours. The results further demonstrate the need for a better diagnostic method than the one currently used, with 99mTc-MAA, thereby providing a better pre-dosimetry; hopefully with a better selection of patients, regarding tumour regression and a lower risk of liver failure.
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| 8. |
- Högberg, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneity of microsphere distribution in resected liver and tumour tissue following selective intrahepatic radiotherapy
- 2014
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Ingår i: EJNMMI Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2191-219X. ; 4:48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Selective arterial radioembolisation of liver tumours has increased, because of encouraging efficacy reports; however, therapeutic parameters used in external beam therapy are not applicable for understanding and predicting potential toxicity and efficacy, necessitating further studies of the physical and biological characteristics of radioembolisation. The aim was to characterise heterogeneity in the distribution of microspheres on a therapeutically relevant geometric scale considering the range of yttrium-90 (90Y) β-particles. METHODS Two patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, marginally resectable, were treated by selective arterial embolisation with 90Y resin microspheres (SIRTEX®), followed 9 days post-infusion by resection, including macroscopic tumour tissue and surrounding normal liver parenchyma. Formalin-fixed, sectioned resected tissues were exposed to autoradiographic films, or tissue biopsies of various dimensions were punched out for activity measurements and microscopy. RESULTS Autoradiography and activity measurements revealed a higher activity in tumour tissue compared to normal liver parenchyma. Heterogeneity in activity distribution was evident in both normal liver and tumour tissue. Activity measurements were analysed in relation to the sample mass (5 to 422 mg), and heterogeneities were detected by statistical means; the larger the tissue biopsies, the smaller was the coefficient of variation. The skewness of the activity distributions increased with decreasing biopsy mass. CONCLUSIONS The tissue activity distributions in normal tissue were heterogeneous on a relevant geometric scale considering the range of the ionising electrons. Given the similar and repetitive structure of the liver parenchyma, this finding could partly explain the tolerance of a relatively high mean absorbed dose to the liver parenchyma from β-particles. Keywords: Radioembolisation; Y-90; SIR; Surgery; Activity heterogeneity
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| 9. |
- Högberg, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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On the dose heterogeneity in normal liver tissue due to treatment of liver tumors with yttrium-90 microspheres
- 2012
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Ingår i: 25th Annual Congress on European Association of Nuclear Medicine, Milano, Italy, October 27-31, 2012. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 39:suppl 2
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: When treating patients with primary or metastatic liver cancer, applying external radiotherapy, an absorbed dose of 30 - 35 Gy to the whole normal liver tissue volume is associated with a 5 % risk of radiation-induced hepatitis. If less than half of the normal liver volume is being exposed, the threshold for a 5 % risk of hepatitis is increased to above 60 Gy for both primary and metastatic liver cancer. Experience with patients treated with SIR-Spheres® (Sirtex Medical Ltd.), resin microspheres aggregated with yttrium-90, has shown that most patients tolerate an average absorbed dose to normal liver tissue higher than 60 Gy. The high tolerance for this treatment procedure can probably be explained by the resulting heterogenic distribution of radioactivity. It is of interest to study the degree of heterogeneity in the distribution of radioactivity in normal liver tissue, in order to explain or even predict the tolerance to radiation. The aim of this study was to describe the degree of heterogeneity by comparing the relative standard deviations of the radioactivity concentration for different sample mass categories. Materials and Methods: Two patients with cholangiocarcinoma were planned for a combined treatment with yttrium-90-aggregated SIR-Spheres followed by surgery 9 days after radiotherapy. According to standard protocol for treatments with SIR-Spheres, the therapies were preceded by Tc-99m-labled Macro aggregated albumin (Tc-99m-MAA) distribution studies for pre-therapeutic dosimetry and lung shunting evaluations. After surgery the resected tissue, containing both tumour and normal tissue, was studied regarding the distribution of radioactivity. Several small circular samples of normal liver tissue were punched out from 2 mm thick slices of resected tissue, deliberately varying the sizes, and thus the masses of the tissue samples (from 6 to 102 mg). The samples were weighed and categorized in two (first patient) and three (second patient) groups, depending on sample mass. After this the radioactivity was measured with a NaI(Tl) detector. The relative standard deviations (SD/Median) for the radioactivity concentration for each sample mass group were determined and compared. Results: The relative standard deviation for the radioactivity concentration was decreasing rapidly with increasing sample mass. Conclusion: The results indicate a considerable degree of heterogeneity in the distribution of microspheres. One probable explanation for this heterogeneity is clustering of microspheres in the blood vessels.
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| 10. |
- Högberg, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Radiation exposure during liver surgery after treatment with (90)Y microspheres, evaluated with computer simulations and dosimeter measurements.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of radiological protection : official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6498. ; 32:4, s. 439-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. Two patients with liver tumours were planned for a combined treatment, including surgery with preceding injections of β(-) radiation emitting (90)Y microspheres (SIRTEX(®)). The aim of this paper is to present a method of pre-surgical computer simulations of the absorbed dose rate on the surface of tumour tissue, combined with measurements of the actual absorbed dose rate on resected tissue, in order to estimate the absorbed dose to a surgeon's fingers during such surgery procedures. Methods and Materials. The dose rates from β(-) radiation on the surface of tumour tissue were simulated with the software VARSKIN(®)Mod2. The activity concentrations in tumours were estimated, based on SPECT/CT distribution studies of (99m)Tc-MAA and confirmed by SPECT/CT bremsstrahlung studies of (90)Y microspheres. The activity distributions were considered as homogeneous within the tumour regions. The absorbed dose rates at different tumour tissue spots were calculated based on measurements with thermo-luminescent dosimeters (TLD) fastened on resected tissue. Results. The simulations showed a good agreement with the averaged absorbed dose rates based on TLD measurements performed on resected tissue, differing by 13% and 4% respectively. The absorbed dose rates at the measured maximum hotspots were twice as high as the average dose rates for both patients. Conclusion. The data is not sufficient in order to draw any general conclusions about dose rates on tumour tissue during similar surgeries, neither about the influence of dose rate heterogeneities nor about average dose rates. However, the agreement between simulations and measurements on these limited data indicate that this approach is a promising method for estimations of the radiation exposure to the surgeons' fingers during this kind of surgery procedure. More data from similar surgeries are necessary in order to validate the method.
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| 11. |
- Olofsson, Roger, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Isolated hepatic perfusion as a treatment for uveal melanoma liver metastases (the SCANDIUM trial) : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
- 2014
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Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 15, s. 317-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Despite successful control of the primary tumor, metastatic disease will ultimately develop in approximately 50% of patients, with the liver being the most common site for metastases. The median survival for patients with liver metastases is between 6 and 12 months, and no treatment has in randomized trials ever been shown to prolong survival. A previous phase II trial using isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) has suggested a 14-month increase in overall survival compared with a historic control group consisting of the longest surviving patients in Sweden during the same time period (26 versus 12 months). Methods/Design: This is the protocol for a multicenter phase III trial randomizing patients with isolated liver metastases of uveal melanoma to IHP or best alternative care (BAC). Inclusion criteria include liver metastases (verified by biopsy) and no evidence of extra-hepatic tumor manifestations by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). The primary endpoint is overall survival at 24 months, with secondary endpoints including response rate, progression-free survival, and quality of life. The planned sample size is 78 patients throughout five years. Discussion: Patients with isolated liver metastases of uveal melanoma origin have a short expected survival and no standard treatment option exists. This is the first randomized clinical trial to evaluate IHP as a treatment option with overall survival being the primary endpoint.
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| 12. |
- Olofsson, Roger, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Isolated Hepatic Perfusion for Ocular Melanoma Metastasis: Registry Data Suggests a Survival Benefit.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Annals of surgical oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1534-4681 .- 1068-9265. ; 21:2, s. 466-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Despite successful control of the primary tumor, metastatic disease will ultimately develop in approximately 35% of the patients, with the liver being the most common site for metastases. These metastases are generally refractory to systemic chemotherapy, and the median survival for patients with liver metastases is about 6months. This phase II trial reports the experience of isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) as a treatment option.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Pereira, Maria J, et al.
(författare)
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mTOR inhibition with rapamycin causes impaired insulin signalling and glucose uptake in human subcutaneous and omental adipocytes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0303-7207 .- 1872-8057. ; 355:1, s. 96-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapamycin is an immunosuppressive agent used after organ transplantation, but its molecular effects on glucose metabolism needs further evaluation. We explored rapamycin effects on glucose uptake and insulin signalling proteins in adipocytes obtained via subcutaneous (n=62) and omental (n=10) fat biopsies in human donors. At therapeutic concentration (0.01 μM) rapamycin reduced basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by 20-30%, after short-term (15 min) or long-term (20 h) culture of subcutaneous (n=23 and n=10) and omental adipocytes (n=6 and n=7). Rapamycin reduced PKB Ser473 and AS160 Thr642 phosphorylation, and IRS2 protein levels in subcutaneous adipocytes. Additionally, it reduced mTOR-raptor, mTOR-rictor and mTOR-Sin1 interactions, suggesting decreased mTORC1 and mTORC2 formation. Rapamycin also reduced IR Tyr1146 and IRS1 Ser307/Ser616/Ser636 phosphorylation, whereas no effects were observed on the insulin stimulated IRS1-Tyr and TSC2 Thr1462 phosphorylation. This is the first study to show that rapamycin reduces glucose uptake in human adipocytes through impaired insulin signalling and this may contribute to the development of insulin resistance associated with rapamycin therapy.
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| 16. |
- Pereira, Maria J, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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The immunosuppressive agents rapamycin, cyclosporin A and tacrolimus increase lipolysis, inhibit lipid storage and alter expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in human adipose tissue.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Molecular and cellular endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8057 .- 0303-7207. ; 365:2, s. 260-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyclosporin A (CsA), tacrolimus and rapamycin are immunosuppressive agents (IAs) associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, although their molecular effects on lipid metabolism in adipose tissue are unknown. We explored IAs effects on lipolysis, lipid storage and expression of genes involved on lipid metabolism in isolated human adipocytes and/or adipose tissue obtained via subcutaneous and omental fat biopsies. CsA, tacrolimus and rapamycin increased isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis and inhibited lipid storage by 20-35% and enhanced isoproterenol-stimulated hormone-sensitive lipase Ser552 phosphorylation. Rapamycin also increased basal lipolysis (∼20%) and impaired insulin's antilipolytic effect. Rapamycin, down-regulated the gene expression of perilipin, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and lipin 1, while tacrolimus down-regulated CD36 and aP2 gene expression. All three IAs increased IL-6 gene expression and secretion, but not expression and secretion of TNF-α or adiponectin. These findings suggest that CsA, tacrolimus and rapamycin enhance lipolysis, inhibit lipid storage and expression of lipogenic genes in adipose tissue, which may contribute to the development of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance associated with immunosuppressive therapy.
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| 17. |
- Sand, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of patient position and PEEP on hepatic, portal and central venous pressures during liver resection.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1399-6576 .- 0001-5172. ; 55:9, s. 1106-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been suggested that blood loss during liver resection may be reduced if central venous pressure (CVP) is kept at a low level. This can be achieved by changing patient position but it is not known how position changes affect portal (PVP) and hepatic (HVP) venous pressures. The aim of the study was to assess if changes in body position result in clinically significant changes in these pressures.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Schnitzbauer, Andreas A, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective randomised, open-labeled, trial comparing sirolimus-containing versus mTOR-inhibitor-free immunosuppression in patients undergoing liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential anti-cancer effects of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are being intensively studied. To date, however, few randomised clinical trials (RCT) have been performed to demonstrate anti-neoplastic effects in the pure oncology setting, and at present, no oncology endpoint-directed RCT has been reported in the high-malignancy risk population of immunosuppressed transplant recipients. Interestingly, since mTOR inhibitors have both immunosuppressive and anti-cancer effects, they have the potential to simultaneously protect against immunologic graft loss and tumour development. Therefore, we designed a prospective RCT to determine if the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus can improve hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-free patient survival in liver transplant (LT) recipients with a pre-transplant diagnosis of HCC.
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| 20. |
- Svensson, Per-Arne, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Brown Adipose Tissue in the Human Perirenal Depot
- 2014
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 22:8, s. 1830-1837
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo characterize brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the human perirenal adipose tissue depot. MethodPerirenal adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from 55 healthy kidney donors. Expression analysis was performed using microarray, real-time PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Additional studies using human stem cells were performed. ResultsUCP1 gene expression analysis revealed a large intra-individual variation in the perirenal adipose tissue biopsies. Both multi- and unilocular UCP1-positive adipocytes were detected in several of the adipose tissue samples analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Microarray analysis identified 54 genes that were overexpressed in UCP1-positive perirenal adipose tissue. Real-time PCR analysis of BAT candidate genes revealed a set of genes that were highly correlated to UCP1 and a set of three transcription factor genes (PRDM16, PGC1, and RXR) that were highly correlated to each other. RXR displayed nuclear immunoreactivity in brown adipocytes and an increased gene expression during brown adipogenesis in human stem cells. ConclusionOur data provides the first molecular characterization of BAT in the perirenal adipose tissue depot. Furthermore, it highlights the transcription factor RXR as a new player in BAT development.
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