| 1. |
- Badelek, B, et al.
(författare)
-
The photon collider at TESLA
- 2004
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Modern Physics A. - 0217-751X. ; 19:30, s. 5097-5186
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- High energy photon colliders (gammagamma,gammae) are based on e(-)e(-) linear colliders where high energy photons are produced using Compton scattering of laser light on high energy electrons just before the interaction point. This paper is a part of the Technical Design Report of the linear collider TESLA.(1) Physics program, possible parameters and some technical aspects of the photon collider at TESLA are discussed.
|
|
| 2. |
- Schimel, D, et al.
(författare)
-
Contribution of increasing CO2 and climate to carbon storage by ecosystems in the United States
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 287:5460, s. 2004-2006
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) and climate on net carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems of the conterminous United States for the period 1895-1993 were modeled with new, detailed historical climate information. For the period 1980-1993, results from an ensemble of three models agree within 25%, simulating a land carbon sink from CO2 and climate effects of 0.08 gigaton of carbon per year. The best estimates of the total sink from inventory data are about three times larger, suggesting that processes such as regrowth on abandoned agricultural land or in forests harvested before 1980 have effects as large as or larger than the direct effects of CO2 and climate. The modeled sink varies by about 100% from year to year as a result of climate variability.
|
|
| 3. |
- Santos, Olga, et al.
(författare)
-
Modified stainless steel surfaces targeted to reduce fouling - surface characterization
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Food Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0260-8774. ; 64:1, s. 63-79
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The surface properties of several modified stainless steel samples were characterized according to their chemical composition, roughness, topography and wettability. The modifications tested were SiF3+ and MoS22+ ion implantation; diamond-like carbon (DLC) sputtering: DLC. DLC-Si-O and SiOx, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD); autocatalytic Ni-P-PTFE and silica coating. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray microanalysis were applied to determine the surface chemical composition. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and stylus-type instruments were used for roughness determination, and the surface topography was imaged with AFM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The contact angle and surface tension were measured with the Wilhelmy plate method and the sessile drop method. For thick modified layers, only the elements of the coating were detected at the surface, whereas for thin layers the surface composition determined was that of the stainless steel substrate. The roughness of the 2R (cold rolled and annealed in a protective atmosphere) Surfaces was not altered by the modification techniques (except for the Ni-P-PTFE coating), while for the 2B (cold rolled. heat treated, pickled and skinpassed) surfaces an increase in roughness was observed. The silica coating produced surfaces with consistent roughness, independent of which steel substrate was used. DLC sputtering and Ni-P-PTFE coating produced surfaces with the highest roughness. All modified surfaces revealed a similar surface topography with the exception of the Ni-P-PTFE coating, for which the coating masked the underlying steel topography. In terms of wettability, the SiOx-plasmaCVD and NiP-PTFE coating, techniques produced the most hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, respectively. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
