| 1. |
- Engel, Philipp, et al.
(författare)
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The Bee Microbiome: Impact on Bee Health and Model for Evolution and Ecology of Host-Microbe Interactions
- 2016
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Ingår i: mBio. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 2161-2129 .- 2150-7511. ; 7:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- As pollinators, bees are cornerstones for terrestrial ecosystem stability and key components in agricultural productivity. All animals, including bees, are associated with a diverse community of microbes, commonly referred to as the micro biome. The bee micro biome is likely to be a crucial factor affecting host health. However, with the exception of a few pathogens, the impacts of most members of the bee microbiome on host health are poorly understood. Further, the evolutionary and ecological forces that shape and change the microbiome are unclear. Here, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of the bee microbiome, and we present challenges associated with its investigation. We conclude that global coordination of research efforts is needed to fully understand the complex and highly dynamic nature of the interplay between the bee micro biome, its host, and the environment. High-throughput sequencing technologies are ideal for exploring complex biological systems, including host-microbe interactions. To maximize their value and to improve assessment of the factors affecting bee health, sequence data should be archived, curated, and analyzed in ways that promote the synthesis of different studies. To this end, the BeeBiome consortium aims to develop an online database which would provide reference sequences, archive metadata, and host analytical resources. The goal would be to support applied and fundamental research on bees and their associated microbes and to provide a collaborative framework for sharing primary data from different research programs, thus furthering our understanding of the bee microbiome and its impact on pollinator health.
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| 2. |
- Forsgren, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Sample preservation, transport and processing strategies for honeybee RNA extraction: Influence on RNA yield, quality, target quantification and data normalization
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Virological Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-0934 .- 1879-0984. ; 246, s. 81-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Viral infections in managed honey bees are numerous, and most of them are caused by viruses with an RNA genome. Since RNA degrades rapidly, appropriate sample management and RNA extraction methods are imperative to get high quality RNA for downstream assays. This study evaluated the effect of various sampling transport scenarios (combinations of temperature, RNA stabilizers, and duration) of transport on six RNA quality parameters; yield, purity, integrity, cDNA synthesis efficiency, target detection and quantification. The use of water and extraction buffer were also compared for a primary bee tissue homogenate prior to RNA extraction. The strategy least affected by time was preservation of samples at -80 degrees C. All other regimens turned out to be poor alternatives unless the samples were frozen or processed within 24 h. Chemical stabilizers have the greatest impact on RNA quality and adding an extra homogenization step (a QIAshredder (TM) homogenizer) to the extraction protocol significantly improves the RNA yield and chemical purity. This study confirms that RIN values (RNA Integrity Number), should be used cautiously with bee RNA. Using water for the primary homogenate has no negative effect on RNA quality as long as this step is no longer than 15 min.
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| 3. |
- Forsgren, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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SLU:s verksamhet med bin
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bitidningen. - 0006-3886. ; , s. 11-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 4. |
- Kawakami, Takeshi, et al.
(författare)
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Substantial Heritable Variation in Recombination Rate on Multiple Scales in Honeybees and Bumblebees
- 2019
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Ingår i: Genetics. - : GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA. - 0016-6731 .- 1943-2631. ; 212:4, s. 1101-1119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Meiotic recombination shuffles genetic variation and promotes correct segregation of chromosomes. Rates of recombination vary on several scales, both within genomes and between individuals, and this variation is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Social insects have extremely high rates of recombination, although the evolutionary causes of this are not known. Here, we estimate rates of crossovers and gene conversions in 22 colonies of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, and 9 colonies of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, using direct sequencing of 299 haploid drone offspring. We confirm that both species have extremely elevated crossover rates, with higher rates measured in the highly eusocial honeybee than the primitively social bumblebee. There are also significant differences in recombination rate between subspecies of honeybee. There is substantial variation in genome-wide recombination rate between individuals of both A. mellifera and B. terrestris and the distribution of these rates overlap between species. A large proportion of interindividual variation in recombination rate is heritable, which indicates the presence of variation in trans-acting factors that influence recombination genome-wide. We infer that levels of crossover interference are significantly lower in honeybees compared to bumblebees, which may be one mechanism that contributes to higher recombination rates in honeybees. We also find a significant increase in recombination rate with distance from the centromere, mirrored by methylation differences. We detect a strong transmission bias due to GC-biased gene conversion associated with noncrossover gene conversions. Our results shed light on the mechanistic causes of extreme rates of recombination in social insects and the genetic architecture of recombination rate variation.
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| 5. |
- Lamei, Sepideh, et al.
(författare)
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The secretome of honey bee-specific lactic acid bacteria inhibits Paenibacillus larvae growth
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Apicultural Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0021-8839 .- 2078-6913. ; 58:3, s. 405-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- American Foulbrood (AFB) is a particularly pernicious bacterial disease of honey bees due to the extreme persistence of endospores of the causative agent Paenibacillus larvae. These spores are resistant to harsh environmental conditions, unaffected by antimicrobial agents and can remain viable for decades. The germination of the endospore in the larval midgut is the crucial first step leading to infection, followed by vegetative growth, tissue invasion and disease, culminating in spore formation when the host´s nutrients have been exhausted. Therefore, inhibiting spore germination or impeding early vegetative growth would be a highly effective strategy for limiting the impact of AFB. We previously showed that honey bee-specific lactic acid bacteria (hbs–LAB) had a major inhibitory effect on P. larvae both in culture and in larval bioassays. The present study documents the progress towards characterization of compounds, processes and interactions between P. larvae and the hbs–LAB responsible for this inhibitory effect. Firstly, we used an agar diffusion assay and larval infection bioassay to show that most, if not all, of the inhibitory effect was associated with the extracellular fraction (secretome). Secondly, we employed a turbidimetric growth assay to demonstrate that the hbs–LAB secretome strongly inhibited P. larvae vegetative growth, however, probably not by reducing spore germination. The inhibition was similarly effective against both major P. larvae genotypes (ERIC-I and II) in all experiments. The implications of our results for characterization of the secretome and for the management and treatment of AFB and P. larvae are further discussed.
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| 6. |
- Locke Grandér, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Persistence of subclinical deformed wing virus infections in honeybees following Varroa mite removal and a bee population turnover
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a lethal virus of honeybees (Apis mellifera) implicated in elevated colony mortality rates worldwide and facilitated through vector transmission by the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor. Clinical, symptomatic DWV infections are almost exclusively associated with high virus titres during pupal development, usually acquired through feeding by Varroa mites when reproducing on bee pupae. Control of the mite population, generally through acaricide treatment, is essential for breaking the DWV epidemic and minimizing colony losses. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of remedial mite control on clearing DWV from a colony. DWV titres in adult bees and pupae were monitored at 2 week intervals through summer and autumn in acaricide-treated and untreated colonies. The DWV titres in Apistan treated colonies was reduced 1000-fold relative to untreated colonies, which coincided with both the removal of mites and also a turnover of the bee population in the colony. This adult bee population turnover is probably more critical than previously realized for effective clearing of DWV infections. After this initial reduction, subclinical DWV titres persisted and even increased again gradually during autumn, demonstrating that alternative non-Varroa transmission routes can maintain the DWV titres at significant subclinical levels even after mite removal. The implications of these results for practical recommendations to mitigate deleterious subclinical DWV infections and improving honeybee health management are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Locke Grandér, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid parallel evolution overcomes global honey bee parasite
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In eusocial insect colonies nestmates cooperate to combat parasites, a trait called social immunity. However, social immunity failed for Western honey bees (Apis mellifera) when the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor switched hosts from Eastern honey bees (Apis cerana). This mite has since become the most severe threat to A. mellifera world-wide. Despite this, some isolated A. mellifera populations are known to survive infestations by means of natural selection, largely by supressing mite reproduction, but the underlying mechanisms of this are poorly understood. Here, we show that a cost-effective social immunity mechanism has evolved rapidly and independently in four naturally V. destructor-surviving A. mellifera populations. Worker bees of all four 'surviving' populations uncapped/recapped worker brood cells more frequently and targeted mite-infested cells more effectively than workers in local susceptible colonies. Direct experiments confirmed the ability of uncapping/recapping to reduce mite reproductive success without sacrificing nestmates. Our results provide striking evidence that honey bees can overcome exotic parasites with simple qualitative and quantitative adaptive shifts in behaviour. Due to rapid, parallel evolution in four host populations this appears to be a key mechanism explaining survival of mite infested colonies.
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| 8. |
- Locke Grandér, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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SLU redovisar tre studier om effekter på virusnivåer : Effekt på virusnivåer efter varroabekämpning
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bitidningen. - 0006-3886. ; 115, s. 20-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Varroakvalstret (Varroa destructor) är ett av de största hoten mot biodling världen över. Utan behandling dör angripna bisamhällen vanligtvis inom några år, men inte på grund av själva kvalsterangreppet i sig utan av de virusinfektioner som sprids med och utvecklas effektivare på grund av kvalstren. Många olika slags virus har hittats hos honungsbin, och några av dem är starkt knutna till varroakvalstret.
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| 9. |
- Osterman, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Clothianidin seed-treatment has no detectable negative impact on honeybee colonies and their pathogens
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interactions between multiple stressors have been implicated in elevated honeybee colony losses. Here, we extend our landscape-scale study on the effects of placement at clothianidin seed-treated oilseed rape fields on honeybees with an additional year and new data on honeybee colony development, swarming, mortality, pathogens and immune gene expression. Clothianidin residues in pollen, nectar and honeybees were consistently higher at clothianidin-treated fields, with large differences between fields and years. We found large variations in colony development and microbial composition and no observable negative impact of placement at clothianidin-treated fields. Clothianidin treatment was associated with an increase in brood, adult bees and Gilliamella apicola (beneficial gut symbiont) and a decrease in Aphid lethal paralysis virus and Black queen cell virus - particularly in the second year. The results suggest that at colony level, honeybees are relatively robust to the effects of clothianidin in real-world agricultural landscapes, with moderate, natural disease pressure.
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| 10. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim
(författare)
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Bees under stress: sublethal doses of a neonicotinoid pesticide and pathogens interact to elevate honey bee mortality across the life cycle
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Environmental Microbiology. - : Wiley. - 1462-2912 .- 1462-2920. ; 17, s. 969-983
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbial pathogens are thought to have a profound impact on insect populations. Honey bees are suffering from elevated colony losses in the northern hemisphere possibly because of a variety of emergent microbial pathogens, with which pesticides may interact to exacerbate their impacts. To reveal such potential interactions, we administered at sublethal and field realistic doses one neonicotinoid pesticide (thiacloprid) and two common microbial pathogens, the invasive microsporidian Nosema ceranae and black queen cell virus (BQCV), individually to larval and adult honey bees in the laboratory. Through fully crossed experiments in which treatments were administered singly or in combination, we found an additive interaction between BQCV and thiacloprid on host larval survival likely because the pesticide significantly elevated viral loads. In adult bees, two synergistic interactions increased individual mortality: between N.ceranae and BQCV, and between N.ceranae and thiacloprid. The combination of two pathogens had a more profound effect on elevating adult mortality than N.ceranae plus thiacloprid. Common microbial pathogens appear to be major threats to honey bees, while sublethal doses of pesticide may enhance their deleterious effects on honey bee larvae and adults. It remains an open question as to whether these interactions can affect colony survival.
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| 11. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim
(författare)
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Characterisation of the British honey bee metagenome
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European honey bee (Apis mellifera) plays a major role in pollination and food production. Honey bee health is a complex product of the environment, host genetics and associated microbes (commensal, opportunistic and pathogenic). Improved understanding of these factors will help manage modern challenges to bee health. Here we used DNA sequencing to characterise the genomes and metagenomes of 19 honey bee colonies from across Britain. Low heterozygosity was observed in many Scottish colonies which had high similarity to the native dark bee. Colonies exhibited high diversity in composition and relative abundance of individual microbiome taxa. Most non-bee sequences were derived from known honey bee commensal bacteria or pathogens. However, DNA was also detected from additional fungal, protozoan and metazoan species. To classify cobionts lacking genomic information, we developed a novel network analysis approach for clustering orphan DNA contigs. Our analyses shed light on microbial communities associated with honey bees and demonstrate the power of high-throughput, directed metagenomics for identifying novel biological threats in agroecosystems.
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| 12. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of a Novel RNA Virus Discovered in the Autumnal Moth Epirrita autumnata in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4915. ; 9:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel, 10 kb RNA virus-tentatively named 'Abisko virus'-was discovered in the transcriptome data of a diseased autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) larva, as part of a search for the possible causes of the cyclical nature and mortality associated with geometrid moth dynamics and outbreaks in northern Fennoscandia. Abisko virus has a genome organization similar to that of the insect-infecting negeviruses, but phylogenetic and compositional bias analyses also reveal strong affiliations with plant-infecting viruses, such that both the primary host origin and taxonomic identity of the virus remain in doubt. In an extensive set of larval, pupal, and adult autumnal moth and winter moth (Operophtera brumata) outbreak samples, the virus was only detected in a few adult E. autumnata moths as well as the single larval transcriptome. The Abisko virus is therefore unlikely to be a factor in the Fennoscandia geometrid population dynamics.
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| 13. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim
(författare)
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Cryo-EM study of slow bee paralysis virus at low pH reveals iflavirus genome release mechanism
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 114, s. 598-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Viruses from the family Iflaviridae are insect pathogens. Many of them, including slow bee paralysis virus (SBPV), cause lethal diseases in honeybees and bumblebees, resulting in agricultural losses. Iflaviruses have nonenveloped icosahedral virions containing single-stranded RNA genomes. However, their genome release mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that low pH promotes SBPV genome release, indicating that the virus may use endosomes to enter host cells. We used cryo-EM to study a heterogeneous population of SBPV virions at pH 5.5. We determined the structures of SBPV particles before and after genome release to resolutions of 3.3 and 3.4 angstrom, respectively. The capsids of SBPV virions in low pH are not expanded. Thus, SBPV does not appear to form "altered" particles with pores in their capsids before genome release, as is the case in many related picornaviruses. The egress of the genome from SBPV virions is associated with a loss of interpentamer contacts mediated by N-terminal arms of VP2 capsid proteins, which result in the expansion of the capsid. Pores that are 7 angstrom an diameter form around icosahedral threefold symmetry axes. We speculate that they serve as channels for the genome release. Our findings provide an atomic-level characterization of the genome release mechanism of iflaviruses.
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| 14. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim
(författare)
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Dicistroviridae
- 2017
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Ingår i: ICTV Online Report. ; 10
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim, et al.
(författare)
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Genome Characterization, Prevalence and Distribution of a Macula-Like Virus from Apis mellifera and Varroa destructor
- 2015
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Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4915. ; 7, s. 3586-3602
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Around 14 distinct virus species-complexes have been detected in honeybees, each with one or more strains or sub-species. Here we present the initial characterization of an entirely new virus species-complex discovered in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) and varroa mite (Varroa destructor) samples from Europe and the USA. The virus has a naturally poly-adenylated RNA genome of about 6500 nucleotides with a genome organization and sequence similar to the Tymoviridae (Tymovirales; Tymoviridae), a predominantly plant-infecting virus family. Literature and laboratory analyses indicated that the virus had not previously been described. The virus is very common in French apiaries, mirroring the results from an extensive Belgian survey, but could not be detected in equally-extensive Swedish and Norwegian bee disease surveys. The virus appears to be closely linked to varroa, with the highest prevalence found in varroa samples and a clear seasonal distribution peaking in autumn, coinciding with the natural varroa population development. Sub-genomic RNA analyses show that bees are definite hosts, while varroa is a possible host and likely vector. The tentative name of Bee Macula-like virus (BeeMLV) is therefore proposed. A second, distantly related Tymoviridae-like virus was also discovered in varroa transcriptomes, tentatively named Varroa Tymo-like virus (VTLV).
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| 17. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim
(författare)
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Dicistroviridae
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of General Virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-1317 .- 1465-2099. ; 98, s. 355-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dicistroviridae is a family of small non-enveloped viruses with monopartite, linear, positive-sense RNA genomes of approximately 8-10 kb. Viruses of all classified species infect arthropod hosts, with some having devastating economic consequences, such as acute bee paralysis virus in domesticated honeybees and taura syndrome virus in shrimp farming. Conversely, the host specificity and other desirable traits exhibited by several members of this group make them potential natural enemies for intentional use against arthropod pests, such as triatoma virus against triatomine bugs that vector Chagas disease.
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| 18. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim
(författare)
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Iflaviridae
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of General Virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-1317 .- 1465-2099. ; 98, s. 527-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iflaviridae is a family of small non-enveloped viruses with monopartite, positive-stranded RNA genomes of approximately 911 kilobases. Viruses of all classified species infect arthropod hosts, with the majority infecting insects. Both beneficial and pest insects serve as hosts, and infections can be symptomless (Nilaparvatalugens honeydew virus 1) or cause developmental abnormalities (deformed wing virus), behavioural changes (sacbrood virus) and premature mortality (infectious flacherie virus). The host range has not been examined for most members. The most common route of infection for iflaviruses is the ingestion of virus-contaminated food sources. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Iflaviridae, which is available at www. ictv. global/report/iflaviridae.
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| 19. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim
(författare)
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Polycipiviridae
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of General Virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-1317 .- 1465-2099. ; 100, s. 554-555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polycipiviridae is a family of picorna-like viruses with non-segmented, linear, positive-sense RNA genomes of approximately 10-12 kb. Unusually for viruses within the order Picornavirales, their genomes are polycistronic, with four (or more) consecutive 5' -proximal open reading frames (ORFs) encoding structural (and possibly other) proteins and a long 3' ORF encoding the replication polyprotein. Members of species within the family have all been detected in ants or via arthropod transcriptomic datasets. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the Polycipiviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/polycipiviridae.
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| 20. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim
(författare)
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Solinviviridae
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of General Virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-1317 .- 1465-2099. ; 100, s. 736-737
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solinviviridae is a family of picorna/calici-like viruses with non-segmented, linear, positive-sense RNA genomes of approximately 10-11 kb. Unusually, their capsid proteins are encoded towards the 3'-end of the genome where they can be expressed both from a subgenomic RNA and as an extension of the replication (picorna-like helicase-protease-polymerase) polyprotein. Members of two species within the family infect ants, but related unclassified virus sequences derive from a large variety of insects and other arthropods. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the Solinviviridae, which is available at www.ict.global/report/solinviviridae.
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| 21. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim
(författare)
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Iflaviridae
- 2017
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Ingår i: ICTV Online Report. ; 10
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim, et al.
(författare)
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Ingemar Fries (1950-2017)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bee World. - 0005-772X. ; 157, s. 1156-1158
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim
(författare)
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POSHBEE: Nytt EU-projekt om bin
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bitidningen. - 0006-3886. ; , s. 4-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim
(författare)
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Specific Cues Associated With Honey Bee Social Defence against Varroa destructor Infested Brood
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social immunity forms an essential part of the defence repertoire of social insects. In response to infestation by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor and its associated viruses, honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) have developed a specific behaviour (varroa-sensitive hygiene, or VSH) that helps protect the colony from this parasite. Brood cells heavily infested with mites are uncapped, the brood killed, and the cell contents removed. For this extreme sacrifice to be beneficial to the colony, the targeting of parasitized brood for removal must be accurate and selective. Here we show that varroa-infested brood produce uniquely identifiable cues that could be used by VSH-performing bees to identify with high specificity which brood cells to sacrifice. This selective elimination of mite-infested brood is a disease resistance strategy analogous to programmed cell death, where young bees likely to be highly dysfunctional as adults are sacrificed for the greater good of the colony.
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| 29. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim, et al.
(författare)
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Studies on the transmission and tissue distribution of Antheraea pernyi iflavirus in the Chinese oak silkmoth Antheraea pernyi
- 2017
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Ingår i: Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0042-6822 .- 1178-122X. ; 502, s. 171-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antheraea pernyi Iflavirus (ApIV) is a virus that is the likely causative agent of A. pernyi Vomit Disease (AVD). The virus is maintained in A. pernyi populations as an unapparent infection by as yet unknown transmission routes. The mechanisms by which an infection results in AVD are also not yet known. Both these factors were investigated in this study. A. pernyi larvae were fed or injected with ApIV, but only injection led to active replication and spread of ApIV to the head, epidermis, hemocytes, gut, fatbody, ovary and testis. Twenty percent of ApIV-injected pupae produced ApIV-infected offspring as adults, proving that ApIV can be transmitted vertically. As a confirmation of vertical transmission occurring also in nature, 53 A. pernyi couples were collected from areas where ApIV has been detected. Eleven of these couples produced ApIV-infected offspring, again pointing to a vertical transmission of ApIV.
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| 30. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim
(författare)
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The Apis mellifera Filamentous Virus Genome
- 2015
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Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4915. ; 7, s. 3798-3815
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A complete reference genome of the Apis mellifera Filamentous virus (AmFV) was determined using Illumina Hiseq sequencing. The AmFV genome is a double stranded DNA molecule of approximately 498,500 nucleotides with a GC content of 50.8%. It encompasses 247 non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), equally distributed on both strands, which cover 65% of the genome. While most of the ORFs lacked threshold sequence alignments to reference protein databases, twenty-eight were found to display significant homologies with proteins present in other large double stranded DNA viruses. Remarkably, 13 ORFs had strong similarity with typical baculovirus domains such as PIFs (per os infectivity factor genes: pif-1, pif-2, pif-3 and p74) and BRO (Baculovirus Repeated Open Reading Frame). The putative AmFV DNA polymerase is of type B, but is only distantly related to those of the baculoviruses. The ORFs encoding proteins involved in nucleotide metabolism had the highest percent identity to viral proteins in GenBank. Other notable features include the presence of several collagen-like, chitin-binding, kinesin and pacifastin domains. Due to the large size of the AmFV genome and the inconsistent affiliation with other large double stranded DNA virus families infecting invertebrates, AmFV may belong to a new virus family.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim
(författare)
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Varroakvalstrets effekt på virus i angripna honungsbisamhällen
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bitidningen. - 0006-3886. ; 115, s. 10-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Vilken effekt har varroakvalster på de virus som infekterar bisamhällen? Forskare vid INRA (Frankrikes nationella institution för jordbruksforskning) i Avignon, Frankrike, University of Otago i Nya Zeeland och Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), nyttjade en unik situation i Nya Zeeland där landet, liksom Sverige, har varroaangripna respektive icke angripna regioner. Varroa är relativt nyetablerad i Nya Zeeland. Den påvisades först på Nordön år 2000, och har stadigt spridits söderut under de 14 åren som gått sedan introduktionen. Forskarna har undersökt virusprofilen hos bisamhällena sedan etablering av kvalstret i de olika regionerna. Studien, som publicerades 2014, visar en drastisk ändring av det virala landskapet i bisamhällena som sammanfaller med etablering av varroa, vilket ökar risken för synergier mellan olika virus som är skadliga för bina.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim
(författare)
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Viral infections alter antennal epithelium ultrastructure in honey bees
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-2011 .- 1096-0805. ; 168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Varroa destructor and its associated viruses, in particular deformed wing virus (DWV), have been identified as probable causes of honey bee (Apis mellif era L.) colony losses. Evidence suggests that elevated DWV titres in bees could compromise sensory and communication abilities resulting in negative consequences for hygienic behaviour. As antennae play a central role in this behaviour, we compared antenna! ultrastructure in DWV-symptomatic and asymptomatic bees. The results show that virus capsids accumulate in the basal regions of the antennal epithelium, close to the haemolymph. No virus particles were detected at the level of sensory sensilla, such as pore plates, nor within the sensory cell dendrites associated with these sensilla. However, membranous structures appeared to be more prevalent in supporting cells surrounding the dendrites of DWV-symptomatic bees. Para-crystalline arrays containing large numbers of virus particles were detected in the antennae of DWV-symptomatic bees but not in asymptomatic bees.
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| 35. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim
(författare)
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Virion Structure of Black Queen Cell Virus, a Common Honeybee Pathogen
- 2017
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Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Viral diseases are a major threat to honeybee (Apis mellifera) populations worldwide and therefore an important factor in reliable crop pollination and food security. Black queen cell virus (BQCV) is the etiological agent of a fatal disease of honeybee queen larvae and pupae. The virus belongs to the genus Triatovirus from the family Dicistroviridae, which is part of the order Picornavirales. Here we present a crystal structure of BQCV determined to a resolution of 3.4 angstrom. The virion is formed by 60 copies of each of the major capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3; however, there is no density corresponding to a 75-residue-long minor capsid protein VP4 encoded by the BQCV genome. We show that the VP4 subunits are present in the crystallized virions that are infectious. This aspect of the BQCV virion is similar to that of the previously characterized triatoma virus and supports the recent establishment of the separate genus Triatovirus within the family Dicistroviridae. The C terminus of VP1 and CD loops of capsid proteins VP1 and VP3 of BQCV form 34-angstrom-tall finger-like protrusions at the virion surface. The protrusions are larger than those of related dicistroviruses.IMPORTANCE The western honeybee is the most important pollinator of all, and it is required to sustain the agricultural production and biodiversity of wild flowering plants. However, honeybee populations worldwide are suffering from virus infections that cause colony losses. One of the most common, and least known, honeybee pathogens is black queen cell virus (BQCV), which at high titers causes queen larvae and pupae to turn black and die. Here we present the three-dimensional virion structure of BQCV, determined by X-ray crystallography. The structure of BQCV reveals large protrusions on the virion surface. Capsid protein VP1 of BQCV does not contain a hydrophobic pocket. Therefore, the BQCV virion structure provides evidence that capsid-binding antiviral compounds that can prevent the replication of vertebrate picornaviruses may be ineffective against honeybee virus infections.
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| 36. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim
(författare)
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Virion structure of Iflavirus Slow bee paralysis virus at 2.6-Angstrom resolution
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 90, s. 7444 –7455-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The western honeybee (Apis mellifera) is the most important commercial insect pollinator. However, bees are under pressure from habitat loss, environmental stress, and pathogens, including viruses that can cause lethal epidemics. Slow bee paralysis virus (SBPV) belongs to the Iflaviridae family of nonenveloped single-stranded RNA viruses. Here we present the structure of the SBPV virion determined from two crystal forms to resolutions of 3.4 angstrom and 2.6 angstrom. The overall structure of the virion resembles that of picornaviruses, with the three major capsid proteins VP1 to 3 organized into a pseudo-T3 icosahedral capsid. However, the SBPV capsid protein VP3 contains a C-terminal globular domain that has not been observed in other viruses from the order Picornavirales. The protruding (P) domains form "crowns" on the virion surface around each 5-fold axis in one of the crystal forms. However, the P domains are shifted 36 angstrom toward the 3-fold axis in the other crystal form. Furthermore, the P domain contains the Ser-His-Asp triad within a surface patch of eight conserved residues that constitutes a putative catalytic or receptor-binding site. The movements of the domain might be required for efficient substrate cleavage or receptor binding during virus cell entry. In addition, capsid protein VP2 contains an RGD sequence that is exposed on the virion surface, indicating that integrins might be cellular receptors of SBPV.IMPORTANCEPollination by honeybees is needed to sustain agricultural productivity as well as the biodiversity of wild flora. However, honey-bee populations in Europe and North America have been declining since the 1950s. Honeybee viruses from the Iflaviridae family are among the major causes of honeybee colony mortality. We determined the virion structure of an Iflavirus, slow bee paralysis virus (SBPV). SBPV exhibits unique structural features not observed in other picorna-like viruses. The SBPV capsid protein VP3 has a large C-terminal domain, five of which form highly prominent protruding "crowns" on the virion surface. However, the domains can change their positions depending on the conditions of the environment. The domain includes a putative catalytic or receptor binding site that might be important for SBPV cell entry.
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| 37. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim
(författare)
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Virion Structure of Israeli Acute Bee Paralysis Virus
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 90, s. 8150 –8159-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pollination services provided by the western honeybee (Apis mellifera) are critical for agricultural production and the diversity of wild flowering plants. However, honeybees suffer from environmental pollution, habitat loss, and pathogens, including viruses that can cause fatal diseases. Israeli acute bee paralysis virus (IAPV), from the family Dicistroviridae, has been shown to cause colony collapse disorder in the United States. Here, we present the IAPV virion structure determined to a resolution of 4.0 angstrom and and the structure of a pentamer of capsid protein protomers at a resolution of 2.7 angstrom. IAPV has major capsid proteins VP1 and VP3 with noncanonical jellyroll beta-barrel folds composed of only seven instead of eight beta-strands, as is the rule for proteins of other viruses with the same fold. The maturation of dicistroviruses is connected to the cleavage of precursor capsid protein VP0 into subunits VP3 and VP4. We show that a putative catalytic site formed by the residues Asp-Asp-Phe of VP1 is optimally positioned to perform the cleavage. Furthermore, unlike many picornaviruses, IAPV does not contain a hydrophobic pocket in capsid protein VP1 that could be targeted by capsid-binding antiviral compounds.IMPORTANCEHoneybee pollination is required for agricultural production and to sustain the biodiversity of wild flora. However, honeybee populations in Europe and North America are under pressure from pathogens, including viruses that cause colony losses. Viruses from the family Dicistroviridae can cause honeybee infections that are lethal, not only to individual honeybees, but to whole colonies. Here, we present the virion structure of an Aparavirus, Israeli acute bee paralysis virus (IAPV), a member of a complex of closely related viruses that are distributed worldwide. IAPV exhibits unique structural features not observed in other picorna-like viruses. Capsid protein VP1 of IAPV does not contain a hydrophobic pocket, implying that capsid-binding antiviral compounds that can prevent the replication of vertebrate picornaviruses may be ineffective against honeybee virus infections.
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| 38. |
- Semberg, Emilia, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic protocols for the detection of Acheta domesticus densovirus (AdDV) in cricket frass
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Virological Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-0934 .- 1879-0984. ; 264, s. 61-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European house cricket (Acheta domesticus) is a species of interest for the emerging inseot-as-food industry. Acheta domesticus densovirus (AdDV) is a member of the Parvoviridae virus family which infects A. domesticus, causing widespread mortality and even extinction of local cricket populations. Despite the well-known detrimental effects of AdDV in commercial rearing of A. domesticus there are no optimized protocols to accurately and non-destructively detect and quantify the virus. This study establishes a new protocol for the detection of AdDV in faecal material from A.domesticus. The protocol includes methodological improvements, such as upgrading from conventional PCR to quantitative real-time PCR and is much more sensitive than previously published protocols. Moreover, this study shows that cricket faeces are a suitable, non-destructive sample substrate to infer reliably if a cricket population is infected with AdDV or not. Early detection of lethal or economic threats, such as disease-causing viruses, is an essential part of commercial cricket management as well as for monitoring the risk of spread to wild cricket populations or to (human) consumers.
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| 39. |
- Stephan, Jörg, et al.
(författare)
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Honeybee-specific lactic acid bacterial supplements have no effect on American foulbrood infected honeybee colonies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 85:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paenibacillus larvae, causative agent of American Foulbrood (AFB), is the primary bacterial pathogen affecting honeybees and beekeeping. The main methods for controlling AFB are incineration of diseased colonies or prophylactic antibiotic treatment (e.g. tylosin), neither of which is fully satisfactory. The search for superior means for controlling AFB has led to an increased interest in the natural relationships between the honeybee pathogenic and mutualistic microorganisms, and in particular the antagonistic effects of honeybee-specific Lactic Acid Bacteria (hbs-LAB) against P. larvae These effects have only been demonstrated on individual larvae in controlled laboratory bioassays. Here we investigated whether supplemental administration of hbs-LAB had a similar beneficial effect on P. larvae infection at colony level. We compared experimentally AFB-infected colonies treated with hbs-LAB supplements to untreated and tylosin-treated colonies, recorded AFB symptoms, bacterial spore levels and two measures of colony health. To account for the complexity of a bee colony we focused on (Bayesian) probabilities and magnitudes of effect sizes. Tylosin reduced AFB disease symptoms but also had a negative effect on colony strength. The tylosin treatment did not, however, affect P. larvae spore levels, and might therefore "mask" the potential for disease. Hbs-LAB tended to reduce brood size in the short-term, but was unlikely to affect AFB symptoms or spores. These results do not contradict demonstrated antagonistic effects of hbs-LAB against P. larvae at the individual bee level, but rather suggest that supplementary administration of hbs-LAB may not be the most effective way to harness these beneficial effects at colony level.ImportanceThe previously demonstrated antagonistic effects of honeybee-derived bacterial microbiota on the infectivity and pathogenicity of P. larvae in laboratory bioassays has identified a possible new approach to AFB control. However, honeybee colonies are complex super-organisms where social immune defenses play a major role in resistance against disease at the colony-level. Few studies have investigated the effect of beneficial microorganisms on bee diseases at the colony level. Effects observed at the individual bee level do not necessarily translate into similar effects at the colony level. This study partially fills this gap by showing that, unlike at individual level, hbs-LAB supplements did not affect AFB symptoms at colony level. The inference is that the mechanisms regulating the honeybee microbial dynamics within a colony are too strong to manipulate positively through supplemental feeding of live hbs-LAB, and that new potential remedies identified through laboratory research have to be tested thoroughly in situ, in colonies.
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| 40. |
- Thaduri, Srinivas, et al.
(författare)
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Disentangling host-parasite-pathogen interactions in a varroa-resistant honeybee population reveals virus tolerance as an independent, naturally adapted survival mechanism
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor, is unarguably the leading cause of honeybee (Apis mellifera) mortality worldwide through its role as a vector for lethal viruses, in particular, strains of the Deformed wing virus (DWV) and Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) complexes. This multi-level system of host-parasite-pathogen interactions makes it difficult to investigate effects of either the mite or the virus on natural host survival. The aim of this study was to remove confounding effects of varroa to examine the role of virus susceptibility in the enhanced survival of a naturally adapted Swedish mite-resistant (MR) honeybee population, relative to mite-susceptible (MS) honeybees. Caged adult bees and laboratory reared larvae, from varroa-free colonies, were inoculated with DWV and ABPV in a series of feeding infection experiments, while control groups received virus-free food. Virus infections were monitored using RT-qPCR assays in individuals sampled over a time course. In both adults and larvae the DWV and ABPV infection dynamics were nearly identical between MR and MS groups, but MS adults suffered significantly higher mortality than MR adults. Results suggest virus tolerance, rather than reduced susceptibility or virus resistance, is an important component of the natural survival of this honeybee population.
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| 41. |
- Thaduri, Srinivas, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal changes in the viromes of Swedish Varroa-resistant and Varroa-susceptible honeybee populations
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, in combination with the viruses it vectors, is the main cause for global colony losses of the European honeybee, Apis mellifera. However, an isolated honeybee population established in 1999 on the Island of Gotland, Sweden has naturally acquired resistance to the mite, and has survived without mite control treatment for more than 18 years. A recent study has shown that this mite resistant (MR) population also appears to be resistant to Black queen cell virus (BQCV) and Sacbrood virus (SBV) and tolerant to Deformed wing virus (DWV), relative to nearby mite susceptible (MS) honeybee populations. In this study, RNA sequencing was employed to corroborate these previous findings and identify other viral factors that may play a role in the enhanced survival of this mite resistant honeybee population. Two additional honeybee-infecting viruses, Apis rhabdovirus-1 (ARV-1) and Lake Sinai virus (LSV), were identified and near-complete genomes of these two viruses were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses of the assembled virus sequences revealed consistent separation between the MR and MS honeybee populations, although it is unclear whether this is due to pre-existing differences between the viruses in the two populations when they were established, and isolated, or due to virus genetic adaptation towards reduced virulence in the MR population, to promote colony survival. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) analyses show higher ARV and LSV titres in MS colonies compared to MR colonies, gradually increasing from summer to autumn 2009, and reaching maximum titres in the following spring 2010. While the DWV and BQCV titres in MR colonies increased between autumn 2009 and spring 2010, the SBV practically disappeared entirely by spring 2010. Possible explanations for the apparent virus tolerance or resistance in the Gotland mite-resistant honeybee population are discussed.
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| 42. |
- Wintermantel, Dimitry, et al.
(författare)
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Field-level clothianidin exposure affects bumblebees but generally not their pathogens
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neonicotinoids are implicated in bee declines and laboratory studies imply that they impair the bee immune system, thereby precipitating a rise in pathogen levels. To establish whether such synergisms reduce bee performance in real-world agricultural landscapes, we analysed the microbial composition of the bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) samples from our recent landscape study on the impacts of field-level clothianidin exposure. We related clothianidin exposure and microbial composition to both individual- and colony-level performance parameters, to better understand the direct and indirect mechanistic effects of neonicotinoid exposure on bumblebees. We show that exposure to clothianidin from seed-coated oilseed rape reduces bumblebee size and numbers, particularly of reproductives. However, exposure does not affect the levels of non-pathogenic bacteria or viruses, nor induce rises in the levels or virulence of intracellular parasites. We conclude that field exposure to the neonicotinoid clothianidin affects bumblebee performance but generally not their pathogenic or beneficial microbiota.
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| 43. |
- Yañez, Orlando, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution and variability of deformed wing virus of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) in the Middle East and North Africa
- 2017
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Ingår i: Insect Science. - : Wiley. - 1672-9609 .- 1744-7917. ; 24, s. 103-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three hundred and eleven honeybee samples from 12 countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) (Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Yemen, Palestine, and Sudan) were analyzed for the presence of deformed wing virus (DWV). The prevalence of DWV throughout the MENA region was pervasive, but variable. The highest prevalence was found in Lebanon and Syria, with prevalence dropping in Palestine, Jordan, and Egypt before increasing slightly moving westwards to Algeria and Morocco Phylogenetic analysis of a 194 nucleotide section of the DWV Lp gene did not identify any significant phylogenetic resolution among the samples, although the sequences did show consistent regional clustering, including an interesting geographic gradient from Morocco through North Africa to Jordan and Syria. The sequences revealed several clear variability hotspots in the deduced amino acid sequence, which furthermore showed some patterns of regional identity. Furthermore, the sequence variants from the Middle East and North Africa appear more numerous and diverse than those from Europe.
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