| 1. |
- Anderson, E F, et al.
(författare)
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Preserving and presenting cultural heritage using off-the-shelf software
- 2020
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Ingår i: Springer Series on Cultural Computing. - The National Centre for Computer Animation, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom : Springer. ; , s. 423-444
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The preservation and presentation of cultural heritage (CH) encompasses many domains and disciplines and ranges from tangible CH, traditionally taking the form of museum exhibits and historical sites that are open to the public to intangible CH, focussing on human and societal aspects of CH, as opposed to physical artefacts. The use of computer graphics (CG) and related techniques such as interactive virtual environments since the 1990s has had a profound impact on the presentation of and public engagement with CH, allowing virtual reconstruction of archaeological/historical sites as well as the virtual (re-)construction of culturally and historically relevant artefacts. These are frequently implemented using bespoke or proprietary systems, often explicitly created with a CH application in mind, which may require specialist expertise or significant investment. There exist, however, alternative approaches that can simplify and improve the uptake of CG for CH. In this chapter we discuss how off-the-shelf CG systems such as developer and artists’ tools for the entertainment industries, which are comparatively inexpensive, usually provide open developer licenses, and sometimes are even available free of charge, or affordable consumer-level hardware, can be used for the preservation and presentation of tangible and intangible CH, the application of which we illustrate with a set of case studies.
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| 2. |
- Biørn-Hansen, Aksel, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Problem Space of CO2 Emission Reductions from Academic Flying
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 13:21, s. 12206-12206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CO2 emissions from aviation have been predicted to increase over the coming decades. Within the academic world, flying is often perceived to be a necessary prerequisite to being a successful researcher. Many Swedish universities have ambitious climate goals, but are simultaneously among the top emitters in the public sector. Reaching stated climate goals could feasibly be met through a combination of measures, including decreased flying. One way to address the challenge is to support behavioural interventions with the help of interactive visualizations of CO2 emissions from flying. Those few examples that exist in the research literature are generally directed towards management and are less applicable to universities, given the large autonomy researchers enjoy and their discretionary control of research project funds. This paper uses a design-oriented research approach to present an analysis of the problem space at the intersection of interactive visualizations using air travel data to reduce CO2 emissions from business air travel at our own university, KTH Royal Institute of Technology. Through a number of design experiments, evaluations and investigations, we have unearthed needs, challenges and opportunities for the creation of visualization tools to support more sustainable travel practices at universities and in other knowledge-intensive organisations.
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| 3. |
- Buvari, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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A student-centered learning analytics dashboard towards course goal achievement in STEM education
- 2023
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Ingår i: Responsive and Sustainable Educational Futures. - : Springer Nature. ; , s. 698-704
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Online learning has become an everyday form of learning for many students across different disciplines, including STEM subjects in the setting of higher education. Studying in these settings requires students to self-regulate their learning to a higher degree as compared to campus-based education. A vital aspect of self-regulated learning is the application of goal-setting strategies. Universities act to support students’ goal-setting through the achievement of course learning outcomes, which work both as a promise and metric of academic achievement. However, a lack of clear integration between course activities and course learning outcomes leaves a dissonance between students’ study efforts and the course progress. This demo study presents a student-centered learning analytics dashboard aimed at assisting students in their achievement of course learning goals in the setting of STEM higher education. The dashboard was designed using a design science methodological approach. Thirty-seven students have contributed to its development and evaluation during different stages of the design process, including the conceptual iterative design and prototyping. The preliminary results show that students found the tool to be easy to use and useful for the achievement of the course goals.
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| 4. |
- Buwaider, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Extended reality in cranial and spinal neurosurgery – a bibliometric analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Neurochirurgica. - : Springer Nature. - 0001-6268 .- 0942-0940. ; 166:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This bibliometric analysis of the top 100 cited articles on extended reality (XR) in neurosurgery aimed to reveal trends in this research field. Gender differences in authorship and global distribution of the most-cited articles were also addressed. Methods: A Web of Science electronic database search was conducted. The top 100 most-cited articles related to the scope of this review were retrieved and analyzed for trends in publications, journal characteristics, authorship, global distribution, study design, and focus areas. After a brief description of the top 100 publications, a comparative analysis between spinal and cranial publications was performed. Results: From 2005, there was a significant increase in spinal neurosurgery publications with a focus on pedicle screw placement. Most articles were original research studies, with an emphasis on augmented reality (AR). In cranial neurosurgery, there was no notable increase in publications. There was an increase in studies assessing both AR and virtual reality (VR) research, with a notable emphasis on VR compared to AR. Education, surgical skills assessment, and surgical planning were more common themes in cranial studies compared to spinal studies. Female authorship was notably low in both groups, with no significant increase over time. The USA and Canada contributed most of the publications in the research field. Conclusions: Research regarding the use of XR in neurosurgery increased significantly from 2005. Cranial research focused on VR and resident education while spinal research focused on AR and neuronavigation. Female authorship was underrepresented. North America provides most of the high-impact research in this area.
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| 5. |
- Conde, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Applying digital twins for the management of information in turnaround event operations in commercial airports
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Engineering Informatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1474-0346 .- 1873-5320. ; 54, s. 101723-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aerospace sector is one of the many sectors in which large amounts of data are generated. Thanks to the evolution of technology, these data can be exploited in several ways to improve the operation and management of industrial processes. However, to achieve this goal, it is necessary to define architectures and data models that allow to manage and homogenise the heterogeneous data collected. In this paper, we present an Airport Digital Twin Reference Conceptualisation's and data model based on FIWARE Generic Enablers and the Next Generation Service Interfaces-Linked Data standard. Concretely, we particularise the Airport Digital Twin to improve the efficiency of flight turnaround events. The architecture proposed is validated in the Aberdeen International Airport with the aim of reducing delays in commercial flights. The implementation includes an application that shows the real state of the airport, combining two-dimensional and three-dimensional virtual reality representations of the stands, and a mobile application that helps ground operators to schedule departure and arrival flights.
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| 6. |
- de Giorgio, Andrea, Dr Eng., et al.
(författare)
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Adopting extended reality? : A systematic review of manufacturing training and teaching applications
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of manufacturing systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6125 .- 1878-6642. ; 71, s. 645-663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The training of future experts and operators in manufacturing engineering relies on understanding procedural processes that require applied practice. Yet, current manufacturing education and training overwhelmingly continues to depend on traditional pedagogical methods that segregate theoretical studies and practical training. While educational institutes have generally improved theoretical studies, they often lack facilities and labs to properly reproduce the working environments necessary for practice. Even in industrial settings, it is difficult, if not impossible, to halt the actual production lines to train new operators. Recently, applications with extended reality (XR) technologies, such as virtual, augmented, or mixed reality, reached a mature technology readiness level. With this technological advancement, we can envision a transition to a new teaching paradigm that exploits simulated learning environments. Thus, it becomes possible to bridge the gap between theory and practice for both students and industrial trainees. This article presents a systematic literature review of the main applications of XR technologies in manufacturing education, their goals and technology readiness levels, and a comprehensive overview of the development tools and experimental strategies deployed. This review contributes: (1) a state-of-the-art description of current research in XR education for manufacturing systems, and (2) a comprehensive analysis of the technological platforms, the experimental procedures and the analytical methodologies deployed in the body of literature examined. It serves as a guide for setting up and executing experimental designs for evaluating interventions of XR in manufacturing education and training.
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| 7. |
- Hedenqvist, Clarissa, et al.
(författare)
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Improving the Learning of Mechanics Through Augmented Reality
- 2021
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Ingår i: Technology, Knowledge and Learning. - : Springer Nature. - 2211-1662 .- 2211-1670.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates to which extent students’ understanding of the physical phenomenon of torque can be improved through the use of visualization technology, in particular of augmented reality (AR). The students in the first-year course Mechanics I at KTH participated in the study by taking two tests on torque. In between those tests, a subgroup of students participated in a user study where they used an AR application to solve problems regarding torque. The results of the pre-test and the post-test indicate that the subgroup who used the app improved their understanding of torque to a greater extent than the ones who did not use the app. However, a larger sample space would be required to obtain a complete statistical characterization of the reported (qualitative and quantitative) improvement.
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| 8. |
- Iop, Alessandro, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Influence of Object Shapes and Colors on Depth Perception in Virtual Reality for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgical Training
- 2024
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Ingår i: CHI 2024 - Extended Abstracts of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Sytems. - : Association for Computing Machinery.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Minimally invasive neurosurgery (MIS) involves inserting a medical instrument, e.g., a catheter, through a small incision to target an area inside the patient's body. Training surgeons to perform MIS is challenging since the surgical site is not directly visible from their perspective. In this paper, we conducted two pilot studies focused on object shapes and colors to collect preliminary results on their influence on depth perception for MIS in Virtual Reality. In the first study (N = 8), participants inserted a virtual catheter into objects of different shapes. In the second study (N = 5), they observed the insertion of a virtual catheter into objects of different colors and backgrounds under different lighting conditions. We found that participants' precision decreased with distance and was lower with the skull shape than with a cube. Moreover, depth perception was higher with blue backgrounds under better lighting conditions.
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| 9. |
- Iop, Alessandro, et al.
(författare)
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Extended Reality in Neurosurgical Education : A Systematic Review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI. - 1424-8220. ; 22:16
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical simulation practices have witnessed a rapid expansion as an invaluable approach to resident training in recent years. One emerging way of implementing simulation is the adoption of extended reality (XR) technologies, which enable trainees to hone their skills by allowing interaction with virtual 3D objects placed in either real-world imagery or virtual environments. The goal of the present systematic review is to survey and broach the topic of XR in neurosurgery, with a focus on education. Five databases were investigated, leading to the inclusion of 31 studies after a thorough reviewing process. Focusing on user performance (UP) and user experience (UX), the body of evidence provided by these 31 studies showed that this technology has, in fact, the potential of enhancing neurosurgical education through the use of a wide array of both objective and subjective metrics. Recent research on the topic has so far produced solid results, particularly showing improvements in young residents, compared to other groups and over time. In conclusion, this review not only aids to a better understanding of the use of XR in neurosurgical education, but also highlights the areas where further research is entailed while also providing valuable insight into future applications.
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| 10. |
- Iop, Alessandro, et al.
(författare)
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On Extended Reality Objective Performance Metrics for Neurosurgical Training
- 2023
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Ingår i: Responsive and Sustainable Educational Futures. - : Springer Nature. ; , s. 573-579
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adoption of Extended Reality (XR) technologies for supporting learning processes is an increasingly popular research topic for a wide variety of domains, including medical education. Currently, within this community, the metrics applied to quantify the potential impact these technologies have on procedural knowledge acquisition are inconsistent. This paper proposes a practical definition of standard metrics for the learning goals in the application of XR to surgical training. Their value in the context of previous research in neurosurgical training is also discussed. Objective metrics of performance include: spatial accuracy and precision, time-to-task completion, number of attempts. The objective definition of what the learner’s aims are enables the creation of comparable XR systems that track progress during training. The first impact is to provide a community-wide metric of progress that allows for consistent measurements. Furthermore, a measurable target opens the possibility for automated performance assessments with constructive feedback.
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| 11. |
- Monetti, Fabio Marco, MSc, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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An experimental study of the impact of virtual reality training on manufacturing operators on industrial robotic tasks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 33-38
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the recent increase in Virtual Reality (VR) technologies employed for training manufacturing operators on industrial robotic tasks, the impact of VR methods compared to traditional ones is still unclear. This paper presents an experimental comparison of the two training approaches, with novice operators performing the same manufacturing tasks with a VR robot and with a real robot. The hardware selected is an ABB IRB 120 industrial robot, a HTC Vive head mounted display to operate it, besides a corresponding VR model developed in Unity. Twenty-four students performed two actions — drawing and “pick and place” -– in tasks with increasing difficulty, with both the VR model and the real robot. Completion time and task pass rate are adopted to estimate the learning efficiency, while a questionnaire evaluates the users’ satisfaction. The results show that students using VR overall need less elapsed time to complete all tasks, and they record a higher pass rate. The questionnaire answers show that 83% of participants find the VR model helpful in familiarizing with the real robot, and 75% are in favor of using the virtual tool for training novice operators. Users also report that moving the real robot is more complex than the virtual one; adjusting the speed is harder and the possibility of causing damage is worrisome, whereas the VR robot feels safer to operate and easier to drive. The majority of students are satisfied with the design of the tasks, and feel content with the experience. The main finding is that learning from a VR model allows to master driving a real robot quickly and easily. VR training is more useful than conventional methods because it reduces the learning time, allows for training without hindering production, lowers the risk perception, and improves safety for operators and industrial equipment.
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| 12. |
- Sadeghian, Parastoo, et al.
(författare)
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Visualizing bacteria-carrying particles in the operating room : exposing invisible risks
- 2021
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Ingår i: Healthy Buildings 2021 – Europe. - : SINTEF Academic Press.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical site infections occur due to contamination of the wound area by bacteria-carrying particles during the surgery. There are many surgery preparation conditions that might block the path of clean air in the operating room, consequently increasing the contamination level at the surgical zone. The main goal of the current study is to translate this knowledge into a perceivable tool for the medical staff by applying state-of-the-art simulation and visualization techniques. In this work, the results of numerical simulations are used to inform visualization. These results predict the airflow fields in the operating rooms equipped with mixing, laminar airflow and temperature-controlled airflow ventilation systems. In this regard, the visualization uses a virtual reality interface to translate the computational fluid dynamics simulations into usable animations. The results of this study help the surgical and technical staff to update their procedures by using the provided virtual tools.
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