| 1. |
- Aldaeus, Fredrik
(författare)
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The Bioeconomy Research Programme 2018-2020
- 2018
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Ingår i: The 8th Nordic Wood Biorefinery Conference: NWBC 2018. - Espoo : VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. - 9789513886721 ; , s. 83-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bäckström, Daniel, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement and Modeling of Particle Radiation in Coal Flames
- 2014
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Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5029 .- 0887-0624. ; 28:3, s. 2199-2210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work aims at developing a methodology that can provide information of in-flame particle radiation in industrial-scale flames. The method is based on a combination of experimental and modeling work. The experiments have been performed in the high-temperature zone of a 77 kWth swirling lignite flame. Spectral radiation, total radiative intensity, gas temperature, and gas composition were measured, and the radiative intensity in the furnace was modeled with an axisymmetric cylindrical radiation model using Mie theory for the particle properties and a statistical narrow-band model for the gas properties. The in-flame particle radiation was measured with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer connected to a water-cooled probe via fiber optics. In the cross-section of the flame investigated, the particles were found to be the dominating source of radiation. Apart from giving information about particle radiation and temperature, the methodology can also provide estimates of the amount of soot radiation and the maximum contribution from soot radiation compared to the total particle radiation. In the center position in the flame, the maximum contribution from soot radiation was estimated to be less than 40% of the particle radiation. As a validation of the methodology, the modeled total radiative intensity was compared to the total intensity measured with a narrow angle radiometer and the agreement in the results was good, supporting the validity of the used approach.
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| 4. |
- Charron, Nicholas, et al.
(författare)
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No Law without a State
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0147-5967. ; 40:2, s. 176-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What explains cross-country differences in the quality of institutions, such as judicial independence and government regulations of economic life, and in desirable social and economic outcomes, such as a low degree of corruption and high degree of rule of law? In some of the most widely cited publications in the field of economics and political science, scholars have claimed that such cross-country variation is explained by a country’s legal origin (common law or civil law tradition). It is claimed that because of stronger legal protection for outside investors and less state intervention, common law countries have achieved higher levels of economy prosperity and social life than civil law countries. To a large extent, this hypothesis has been corroborated by much empirical evidence. This paper proposes an alternative interpretation of the cross-country differences observed. Building on scholarly studies of state formation developments, the basic proposition of this paper is that the state formation process affects the character of the state infrastructure to be either patrimonial or bureaucratic, which in turn affects institutions and social outcomes. We argue that this fundamental distinction of state formation precedes the legal origins of a country and thus offers superior explanatory power. This argument is tested empirically on a set of 31 OECD countries. It is shown that the state infrastructure is indeed more influential than the legal traditions on a set of institutional variables (formalism, judicial independence, regulation of entry and case law) as well as on a set of social outcomes (corruption, rule of law, and property rights).
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Eklund, Daniel
(författare)
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Penetrablity for cementitious injection groups
- 2003
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Grouting as a method of strengthening and sealing rock, soiland concrete is widely spread. The possibilities of sealingstructures are of great importance in both economical andenvironmental point of view. The costs of grouting have incertain projects been as high as the cost for the blasting andexcavation of the tunnel. To improve the technique of groutingwith cement based material, it is necessary to focus on theproperties of the used grout mixture.The ability of a grout to penetrate cavities, channels andporous material, the penetrability, depends on two things, therheology and the filtration stability. Extensive laboratorytests on stable, low w/c-ratio, injection grouts show that themost significant limitation to their penetrability is thetendency of cement grains to agglomerate into an impermeablefilter cake. The ability of a grout to pass constrictions ofthe flow path without clogging can be designated filtrationstability. An inert material is used for the investigations inthis work.The inert material, which is crushed dolomite stone,does not react with the added water in the suspension.Performed tests show that the grain size distribution is ofgreat importance for the filtration phenomenon. According toperformed experiments with inert material, it seems to beadvantageous for the penetrability to have a grain sizedistribution not containing too much fine grains and not toomuch coarser grains. It reasonable to believe that the grainsize distribution should be relatively steep (narrow grain sizerange) between minimum and maximum grain size.Correlations between different parameters have been studiedin order to identify possible connections. No clear correlationbetween the filtration stability (FS) and measured values asfor example grain size distribution or volumetric concentrationof grains has so far been identified. The best correlation forfiltration stability is found between the grain sizedistribution parameter d´ and filtration stability (FS).d´ [µm]is a grain size which corresponds to a amountof grains, normally about 50- 60 % of the total grain sizecontent for grouting cements. d´ is an output parameterfrom the Rosin Rammler Sperling Bennet (RRSB) distribution.Plotting the RRSB grain distribution is a way of describing thedistribution of different grain sizes in a mixture.
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| 7. |
- Gast, Veronica, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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A Hypersensitive Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Indicator (roGFP2-Prx1) Enables Continuous Measurement of Intracellular H 2 O 2 during Cell Micro-cultivation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bio-protocol. - 2331-8325. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a toxic oxidant produced as a byproduct of several biological processes. At too high levels of hydrogen peroxide cells will experience oxidative stress, leading to a cellular response to decrease its levels and to protect the cells. Previously, methods used to study and quantify intracellular H2O2 have been limited by both sensitivity and specificity. However, an increasing number of genetically encoded fluorescent indicators (GEFIs) are becoming available, which can specifically detect low levels of intracellular hydrogen peroxide. In this study, we use such a biosensor designed to monitor cytosolic H2O2 levels in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae during continuous cultivation and in the absence of a fluorescence microscope. The fluorescent biosensor contains a peroxiredoxin protein fused to an engineered GFP molecule expressed from a commonly used yeast plasmid (pRS416-TEF1). The peroxiredoxin-based fluorescent indicator reduces H2O2, ultimately resulting in a GFP signal being emitted by the sensor. Here, we apply this biosensor to study cytosolic H2O2 levels in S. cerevisiae strains with and without recombinant protein production.
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| 8. |
- Gast, Volker, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of persistence and diffusibility in the European lexicon
- 2022
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Ingår i: Linguistic typology. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1430-0532 .- 1613-415X. ; 26:2, s. 403-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates to what extent the semantics and the phonological forms of lexical items are genealogically inherited or acquired through language contact. We focus on patterns of colexification (the encoding of two concepts with the same word) as an aspect of lexical-semantic organization. We test two pairs of hypotheses. The first pair concerns the genealogical stability (persistence) and susceptibility to contact-induced change (diffusibility) of colexification patterns and phonological matter in the 40 most genealogically stable elements of the 100-items Swadesh list, which we call “nuclear vocabulary”. We hypothesize that colexification patterns are (a) less persistent, and (b) more diffusible, than the phonological form of nuclear vocabulary. The second pair of hypotheses concerns degrees of diffusibility in two different sections of the lexicon – “core vocabulary” (all 100 elements of the Swadesh list) and its complement (“non-core/peripheral vocabulary”). We hypothesize that the colexification patterns associated with core vocabulary are (a) more persistent, and (b) less diffusible, than colexification patterns associated with peripheral vocabulary. The four hypotheses are tested using the lexical-semantic data from the CLICS database and independently determined phonological dissimilarity measures. The hypothesis that colexification patterns are less persistent than the phonological matter of nuclear vocabulary receives clear support. The hypothesis that colexification patterns are more diffusible than phonological matter receives some support, but a significant difference can only be observed for unrelated languages. The hypothesis that colexification patterns involving core vocabulary are more genealogically stable than colexification patterns at the periphery of the lexicon cannot be confirmed, but the data seem to indicate a higher degree of diffusibility for colexification patterns at the periphery of the lexicon. While we regard the results of our study as valid, we emphasize the tentativeness of our conclusions and point out some limitations as well as desiderata for future research to enable a better understanding of the genealogical versus areal distribution of linguistic features.
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| 9. |
- Hartlaub, J, et al.
(författare)
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Sheep and Cattle Are Not Susceptible to Experimental Inoculation with Hazara Orthonairovirus, a Tick-Borne Arbovirus Closely Related to CCHFV
- 2020
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Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2607. ; 8:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hazara orthonairovirus (HAZV) is a tick-borne arbovirus closely related to Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV). Whereas CCHFV is a biosafety level (BSL) 4 agent, HAZV is classified as BSL 2, as it is not known to cause any disease in humans. Belonging to the same serogroup as CCHFV, HAZV might act as a model which can provide a better understanding of this important zoonosis. Furthermore, the serological relatedness may cause diagnostic problems if antibodies against HAZV interfere with current CCHFV serological assays. Therefore, sheep and cattle—important natural hosts for CCHFV—were experimentally infected with HAZV to prove their susceptibility and evaluate potential antibody cross-reactivities. According to this study, neither sheep nor cattle are susceptible to experimental HAZV infections. Consequently, the HAZV infection in ruminants is clearly distinct from CCHFV infections. Sera of immunized animals weakly cross-reacted between HAZV and CCHFV in immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays, but not in commercial CCHFV ELISAs commonly used for field studies.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Kristiansson, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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Hematological Toxicity in Mice after High Activity Injections of 177Lu-PSMA-617
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pharmaceutics. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4923. ; 14:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignancies affecting men, with poor prognosis after progression to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Radioligand therapy (RLT) targeting the overexpressed PSMA on PC cells, with, e.g., 177Lu-PSMA-617, has been effective in reducing tumor burden and prolonging survival in mCRPC. However, it is not a curative method with kidney and bone marrow toxicity limiting the activity given to patients. Previous preclinical models have reported transient hematotoxicity for up to 120 MBq. This activity may still be too low to investigate the effect on renal function since it corresponds to an absorbed dose below 10 Gy, whereas the kidneys in a clinical setting usually receive an absorbed dose more than double. Here we investigated the hematotoxicity and recovery after administered activities of 120, 160, and 200 MBq in a 177Lu-PSMA-617 BALB/cAnNRj mouse model. The animals had an initial drop in white blood cells (WBC) starting 4 days post injection, which recovered after 21 days. The effect on red blood cells (RBC) and platelets was detected later; 17 days post-injection levels decreased compared to the control group. The reduction was restored again 32 days post injection. No correlation between injected activity and hematotoxicity was found. Our results suggest that activities up to 200 MBq of 177Lu-PSMA-617 give transient hematotoxicity from which animals recover within a month and no radiation-related deaths. Injecting these high activities could allow animal studies with increased clinical relevance when studying renal toxicity in animal models.
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| 12. |
- Kristiansson, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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Human radical scavenger α1-microglobulin protects against hemolysis in vitro and α1-microglobulin knockout mice exhibit a macrocytic anemia phenotype
- 2021
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Ingår i: Free Radical Biology & Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-5849. ; 162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During red blood cell (RBC) lysis hemoglobin and heme leak out of the cells and cause damage to the endothelium and nearby tissue. Protective mechanisms exist; however, these systems are not sufficient in diseases with increased extravascular hemolysis e.g. hemolytic anemia. α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a ubiquitous reductase and radical- and heme-binding protein with antioxidation properties. Although present in the circulation in micromolar concentrations, its function in blood is unclear. Here, we show that A1M provides RBC stability. A1M-/- mice display abnormal RBC morphology, reminiscent of macrocytic anemia conditions, i.e. fewer, larger and more heterogeneous cells. Recombinant human A1M (rA1M) reduced in vitro hemolysis of murine RBC against spontaneous, osmotic and heme-induced stress. Moreover, A1M is taken up by human RBCs both in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, rA1M also protected human RBCs against in vitro spontaneous, osmotic, heme- and radical-induced hemolysis as shown by significantly reduced leakage of hemoglobin and LDH. Addition of rA1M resulted in decreased hemolysis compared to addition of the heme-binding protein hemopexin and the radical-scavenging and reducing agents ascorbic acid and Trolox (vitamin E). Furthermore, rA1M significantly reduced spontaneous and heme-induced fetal RBC cell death. Addition of A1M to human whole blood resulted in a significant reduction of hemolysis, whereas removal of A1M from whole blood resulted in increased hemolysis. We conclude that A1M has a protective function in reducing hemolysis which is neither specific to the origin of hemolytic insult, nor species specific.
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| 13. |
- Löfgren, Orvar, et al.
(författare)
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Changing perspectives on the management of overflow
- 2014
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Ingår i: Czarniawska, B. & Löfgren, O. (red.) Coping with excess: How organizations, communities and individuals manage overflows.. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar. - 9781782548577 ; , s. 1-10
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ouyang, Pengying, et al.
(författare)
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Safety effects of road pavement resurfacing: A case study of city-wide scale projects in China
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Transportation Safety and Security. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1943-9962 .- 1943-9970. ; In Press, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the influence of resurfacing projects on traffic safety. A case study of city-wide road resurfacing projects conducted from July 2014 to February 2015 in China was adopted to carry out the analysis. The crash data of two years before and after the treatment were collected. Firstly, the safety performance function, generalized linear regression, and Gaussian Process centered on Poisson regression were applied to predict the expected number of crashes in the after period if the resurfacing was not applied. Then, the observational before-after study was applied to compare the safety performance of the before and after period of resurfacing projects. Finally, crash modification factors for various target accidents in different time durations were calculated to evaluate the influence of the resurfacing projects on traffic safety. The results show that the resurfacing projects along with some minor changes, such as widen shoulders and optimized lane markings have remarkably good effects on reducing both the crashes counts and the level of severity. The degree of good effects of the resurfacing projects on different types of crashes is ranked as follows: road crashes with slight consequences > total crashes > road crashes with severe consequences > intersection crashes.
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| 16. |
- Razaz, Ghadir, et al.
(författare)
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On the dissolution Process of Manganese and Iron in Molten Aluminum
- 2019
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Ingår i: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A. - : Springer. - 1073-5623 .- 1543-1940. ; 50:4, s. 1873-1887
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dissolution of Mn and Fe in liquid Al presents a challenge due to their high melting points and low diffusivity. A literature review reveals that the existing knowledge of the processes involved in the dissolution of both Fe and Mn in liquid Al is rather ambiguous. Thus, this work aimed to obtain more detailed insights into the dissolution behavior of Mn and Fe in various Al melts. The results of the Mn dissolution tests showed that three intermediate phases were involved in the dissolution process, all of which exhibited a smooth interface between Mn and the liquid. These three phases were identified as the γ2, Al11Mn4, and µ phases which grow slowly, penetrating the Mn particles. The results of the Fe dissolution tests showed that in pure Al, the Al5Fe2 phase dominates the dissolution process and penetrates the Fe particles. The addition of Ti into the molten Al alters the intermetallic compound formation by replacing Al5Fe2 by Al2Fe. The addition of Si significantly inhibited the Fe dissolution kinetics. A theoretical approach based on Ficks’ law was used to explain the experimentally obtained Mn and Fe dissolution rates. It showed that the surface area and shape of the additives significantly affected the dissolution processes.
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| 17. |
- Rosell, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy on cardiac disease: results from a randomized trial with long-term follow-up
- 2013
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - New York : SPRINGER, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 138:2, s. 467-473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tamoxifen is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, there are few reports on long-term effects. Using data from a large Swedish randomized trial of 5 and 2 years of adjuvant tamoxifen in women with early breast cancer, we here present results on morbidity and mortality from cardiac diseases during treatment and long-term after treatment. A total of 4,150 patients were breast cancer recurrence-free after 2 years. Data from the Swedish National Hospital Discharge Registry combined with information from the Swedish Cause of Death Registry were used to define events of disease. Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox regression. Patients assigned to 5 years in comparison with 2 years of postoperative tamoxifen experienced a reduced incidence of CHD [hazard ratio (HR), 0.83; 95 % CI 0.70-1.00], especially apparent during the active treatment period (HR 0.65; 95 % CI 0.43-1.00). The mortality from CHD was significantly reduced (HR 0.72; 95 % CI 0.53-0.97). During the active treatment, the morbidity of other heart diseases was also significantly reduced (HR 0.40; 95 % CI 0.25-0.64) but not after treatment stopped (HR 1.06; 95 % CI 0.87-1.30). Similar results were seen for both heart failure and atrial fibrillation/flutter. As compared to 2 years of therapy, 5 years of postoperative tamoxifen therapy prevents CHD as well as other heart diseases. The risk reduction is most apparent during the active treatment period, and later tends to diminish.
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| 18. |
- Röding, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies of the single- and double-bonded two-dimensional polymers NanLi4-nC60.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids vol. 65, issues 2-3. - : Elsevier B.V.. ; , s. 355-357
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have examined intercalated compounds of C60 containing four light alkali metal atoms per molecule. The single-metal compounds Na4C60 and Li4C60 form two-dimensional polymers with intermolecular links consisting of one and two C–C bonds, respectively. We have here studied the compounds NanLi(4-n)C60, with n between 0 and 4, to find out what parameters define the polymeric structure, in particular the type of intermolecular bonding. The materials have been studied by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Although the results are compatible with a charge transfer model with different charge transfers for Na and Li ions, other models cannot be ruled out because disorder and mixed phases complicate the analysis.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Schmidt, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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The Complexity of Abduction for Equality Constraint Languages
- 2013
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Ingår i: Computer Science Logic 2013. - 9783939897606 ; , s. 615-633
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abduction is a form of nonmonotonic reasoning that looks for an explanation for an observed manifestation according to some knowledge base. One form of the abduction problem studied in the literature is the propositional abduction problem parameterized by a structure \Gamma over the two-element domain. In that case, the knowledge base is a set of constraints over \Gamma, the manifestation and explanation are propositional formulas. In this paper, we follow a similar route. Yet, we consider abduction over infinite domain. We study the equality abduction problem parameterized by a relational first-order structure \Gamma over the natural numbers such that every relation in \Gamma is definable by a Boolean combination of equalities, a manifestation is a literal of the form (x = y) or (x != y), and an explanation is a set of such literals. Our main contribution is a complete complexity characterization of the equality abduction problem. We prove that depending on \Gamma, it is \Sigma^P_2-complete, or NP-complete, or in P.
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| 21. |
- Schmidt, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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The IPG6-B as a research facility to support future development of electric propulsion
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Astronautica. - : Elsevier. - 0094-5765 .- 1879-2030. ; 196, s. 432-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inductively-heated plasma generator IPG6-B at Baylor University has been established and characterized in previous years for use as a flexible experimental research facility across multiple applications. The system uses a similar plasma generator design to its twin-facilities at the University of Stuttgart (IPG6-S) and the University of Kentucky (IPG6-UKY). The similarity between these three devices offers the advantage to reproduce results and provides comparability to achieve cross-referencing and verification. Sub- and supersonic flow conditions for Mach numbers between Ma = 0.3 — 1.4 have been characterized for air, argon, helium and nitrogen using a pitot probe. Overall power coupling efficiency as well as specific bulk enthalpy of the flow have been determined by calorimeter measurements to be between η = 0.05 — 0.45 and hs = 5 — 35 MJ kg-1 respectively depending on gas type and pressure. Electron temperatures of Te = 1 — 2 eV and densities ne = 1018 — 1020 m-3 have been measured using an electrostatic probe system. At Baylor University, laboratory experiments in the areas of astrophysics, geophysics as well as fundamental research on complex (dusty) plasmas are planned. The study of fundamental processes in low-temperature plasmas connects directly to electric propulsion systems. Most recent experiments include the study of dusty plasmas and astrophysical phenomena and the interaction of charged dust with electric and magnetic fields. In this case, dust can be used as a diagnostic for such fields and can reveal essential information of the magneto-hydrodynamics in low-temperature plasmas. Although some of these goals require further advancement of the facility, it is proposed that several phenomena relevant to electric propulsion as well as to other fields of plasma physics can be studied using the existing facility.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Thomas, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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A Permanent Magnet Generator for Energy Conversion from Marine Currents : No Load and Load Experiments
- 2012
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Ingår i: ISNR Renewable Energy. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-7451 .- 2090-746X. ; 2012, s. 489379-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents experiments and measurements on a low speed permanent magnet cable wound generator for marine currentenergy conversion.Measurements were made for no load and nominal load (4.44Ω/phase) conditions at nominal speed (10 rpm).For either load condition, the magnetic fields in the air gap were also measured. The measurements on the generator werecompared with the corresponding finite element method simulations used to design the machine. It is shown in the paper thatmeasurements and corresponding case simulations show good agreement. At nominal speed, the measured and simulated loadvoltages (nominal load) differ less than 1% for the rms values and less than 5% for peak values. At no load, measured and simulatedvoltages had larger differences, that is, <9% for rms values and <5% for peak values. Harmonic analyses of measured and simulatedphase voltages and currents show only the presence of third harmonics. The percentage of harmonics in the measured data wascomparable with the corresponding predictions of the simulations. The discussions and results presented in the paper could bebeneficial for future design of efficient and reliable marine current energy converter systems.
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| 24. |
- Alehagen, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Association Between Use of Statins and Outcomes in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Prospective Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study of 21 864 Patients in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry
- 2015
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Ingår i: Circulation Heart Failure. - : American Heart Association. - 1941-3289 .- 1941-3297. ; 8:2, s. 252-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background-In heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction, randomized trials of statins did not demonstrate improved outcomes. However, randomized trials may not always be generalizable. The aim was to determine whether statins are associated with improved outcomes in an unselected nationwide population of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction overall and in relation to ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods and Results-In the Swedish Heart Failure Registry, 21 864 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (age +/- SD, 72+/-12 years; 29% women), of whom 10 345 (47%) were treated with statins, were studied. Propensity scores for statin use were derived from 42 baseline variables. The associations between statin use and outcomes were assessed with Cox regressions in a population matched 1: 1 based on propensity score and age and in the overall population with adjustment for propensity score and age. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality; secondary outcomes were cardiovascular mortality; HF hospitalization; and combined all-cause mortality or cardiovascular hospitalization. Survival at 1 year in the matched population was 83% for statin-treated versus 79% for untreated patients (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.76-0.86; Pless than0.001). In the unmatched population, 1-year survival was 85% for statin-treated versus 79% for untreated patients, hazard ratio after adjustment for propensity score and age was 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.89; Pless than0.001). No examined baseline variables interacted with statin use except for IHD (P=0.001), with a hazard ratio of 0.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.82, Pless than0.001) with IHD and 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.85-1.07; P=0.430 without IHD. Statin use was also associated with reduced risk for all 3 secondary outcomes. Conclusions-In an unselected nationwide population of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, statins were associated with improved outcomes, specifically in the presence of IHD. This contrasts with previous randomized controlled trials. Additional randomized controlled trials with more generalized inclusion or focused on IHD may be warranted.
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| 25. |
- Alehagen, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic Assessment of Elderly Patients with Symptoms of Heart Failure by Combining High-Sensitivity Troponin T and N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Measurements
- 2010
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Ingår i: CLINICAL CHEMISTRY. - : American Association for Clinical Chemistry; 1999. - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 56:11, s. 1718-1724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a useful biomarker in heart failure assessment, whereas measurement of cardiac troponin is central in the diagnosis of patients with acute coronary syndromes. This report examined the prognostic use of combining high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and NT-proBNP measurements in elderly patients presenting to a primary care center with symptoms associated with heart failure. METHODS: A total of 470 elderly patients (age range 65-86 years) presenting with symptoms of heart failure were recruited from primary healthcare. In addition to clinical examination and echocardiography, hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP plasma concentrations were measured. All patients were followed for 10 years, and cardiovascular mortality was registered. RESULTS: By use of the hs-cTnT assay, 80.4% of the population had plasma concentrations above the lower detection limit of the assay. Of those displaying a plasma concentration of hs-cTnT andgt;99th percentile of a healthy population, 43% also had an NT-proBNP concentration in the fourth quartile (andgt;507 ng/L). In the multivariate analysis, we observed a 2.5-fold increased risk for cardiovascular mortality in individuals with a plasma NT-proBNP concentration andgt;507 ng/L (P andlt; 0.0001). Conversely, patients with hs-cTnT andgt;99th percentile displayed an approximately 2-fold increased risk for cardiovascular mortality (P = 0.0002). Combining the 2 biomarkers, NT-proBNP concentrations andgt;507 ng/L with hs-cTnT andgt;99th percentile increased the risk 3-fold, even after adjustment for clinical variables such as age, sex, impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate, and anemia (P andlt; 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP measurements combined provide better prognostic information than using either biomarker separately in elderly patients with symptoms associated with heart failure.
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| 26. |
- Alerstam, Erik
(författare)
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Optical spectroscopy of turbid media: time-domain measurements and accelerated Monte Carlo modelling
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Optical spectroscopy is a versatile and powerful tool to probe translucent materials. In this work, the focus is on characterization of strongly scattering (turbid) materials by means of time-of-flight spectroscopy (TOFS). Instrumentation and modelling aspects of TOFS were investigated and improved, enabling significantly more accurate spectroscopic measurements. It was shown that the commonly used diffusion theory fails to accurately describe time-domain light propagation in e.g. tissue. A fully scalable Monte Carlo (MC) scheme (WMC) was developed, enabling MC to replace diffusion models in TOFS data evaluation. Consequently, the accuracy and capabilities of TOFS were significantly improved. Graphics processing units (GPUs) were introduced for acceleration of MC simulations in general, resulting in three orders of magnitude speedup. It was shown that proper utilization of the capabilities of modern GPUs allow similar performance, even for more complex problems. TOFS in combination with WMC was used in in vivo interstitial spectroscopy of the human prostate, demonstrating the need for better modelling in many clinical applications. To aid future interstitial in vivo measurements, a single-fibre TOFS system was developed and demonstrated in phantom experiments. Turning to investigations of pharmaceutical samples, a time-of-flight spectrometer, covering the 650-1400 nm spectral range, was developed, enabling TOFS for vibrational spectroscopy of solids. In spatially resolved TOFS measurements, compaction induced anisotropic light diffusion was observed. This is of great importance for the application of model-based optical spectroscopic tech- niques and may, in addition, provide important information about the sample microstructure. Furthermore, TOFS was used together with laser-based gas sensing to probe porous solids. Although a need for better models was revealed, excellent correlation between optical and actual porosity was demonstrated.
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| 27. |
- Alerstam, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Single-fiber diffuse optical time-of-flight spectroscopy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Optics Letters. - 0146-9592. ; 37:14, s. 2877-2879
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate interstitial diffuse optical time-of-fight spectroscopy based on a single fiber for both light delivery and detection. Detector saturation due to the massive short-time reflection is avoided by ultrafast gating of a single photon avalanche diode. We show that the effects of scattering and absorption are separable and that absorption can be assessed independently of scattering. Measurements on calibrated liquid phantoms and subsequent Monte Carlo-based evaluation illustrate that absorption coefficients can be accurately assessed over a wide range of medically relevant optical properties. Our findings pave the way to simplified and less invasive interstitial in vivo spectroscopy. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
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| 28. |
- Alerstam, Thomas
(författare)
-
Detours in bird migration
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of Theoretical Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8541 .- 0022-5193. ; 209:3, s. 319-331
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bird migration routes often follow detours where passages across ecological barriers are reduced in extent. This occurs in spite of the fact that long barrier crossings are within the birds' potential flight range capacity. Long-distance flights are associated with extra energy costs for transport of the heavy fuel loads required. This paper explores how important the fuel transport costs, estimated on the basis of flight mechanics, map be to explain detours for birds migrating by flapping flight, Maximum detours in relation to expanse of the barrier are predicted for cases where birds travel along the detour by numerous short flights and small fuel reserves, divide the detour into a limited number of flight steps, and where a reduced barrier passage is included in the detour. The principles for determining the optimum route, often involving a shortcut across part of the barrier, are derived. Furthermore, the effects of differences in fuel deposition rates and in transport costs for the profitability of detours are briefly considered. An evaluation of a number of observed and potential detours in relation to the general predictions of maximum detours, indicates that reduction of fuel transport costs may well be a factor of widespread importance for the evolution of detours in bird migration at wide ecological barriers. (C) 2001 Academic Press.
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| 29. |
- Alerstam, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Ecology of animal migration
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822. ; 28:17, s. 968-972
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Billions of animals are adapted to a travelling life, making regular return migrations between more or less distant living stations on Earth by swimming, flying, running or walking (Figure 1). Extremely long migrations are completed annually by whales between calving areas in warmer waters and feeding areas at higher latitudes in either hemisphere. The longest oceanic migrations among sea turtles and fish are often undertaken by younger immature individuals during a period of several years before they start their more regular return visits to breeding and spawning sites. Among adult leatherback turtles, intervals of several years between successive breeding events leave enough time for extremely long journeys. Famous among bird migrants are arctic terns, showing the longest known annual migration circuit of about 50,000 km. Bar-tailed godwits breed in Alaska and winter in New Zealand and make the longest known non-stop flapping flights, lasting more than two hundred hours and covering up to 12,000 km across the Pacific Ocean. Their total annual migration circuit extends over 30,000 km covered in three main flights (Figure 1). Although diapause with hibernation as egg, pupae, larvae or adult is an important strategy among insects, there are also examples of impressive migrations. Monarch butterflies complete an annual circuit up to 9,000 km in North America in four generations (for more detail, see the review by Steven Reppert in this issue), and the globe skimmer (a dragonfly) presumably exploits the monsoon rains in India and rainy seasons in southern and equatorial Africa in a 15,000 km circuit in four generations (Figure 1). In comparison with swimmers and flyers, animals that migrate by running or walking cover shorter distances. Caribous migrate between boreal forest and tundra over a total distance of not much more than 1000—2000 km per year. Zebras make the longest migrations in Africa, covering at least 500 km, which is just a little bit longer than the well-known wildebeest migration circuit in Serengeti. Alerstam and Bäckman introduce the ecological factors influencing the way animals migrate and how this branch of ecology has developed and grown.
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| 30. |
- Altafini, Claudio
(författare)
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Redundant robotic chains on Riemannian submersions
- 2004
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on robotics and automation. - 1042-296X. ; 20:2, s. 335-340
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main scope of this paper is to introduce the notion of Riemannian submersion for the modeling and control of certain types of redundant robotic chains. in the robotics literature, the redundant case is normally treated only in numerical terms, as the need to resort to pseudoinversion techniques is usually considered a barrier to the use of analytic or geometric methods. Using Riemannian submersions, however, we can single out a particular type of inverse, the horizontal lift, with distinguished properties with respect to the infinitely many possible others. Quite remarkably, for a wide class of robotic chains, characterized by the vanishing of the curvature tensor, such horizontal lift coincides with the curve obtained from the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse of the Jacobian.
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| 31. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
-
Effekter av samhällets säkerhetsåtgärder (ESS) : en kartering av arbetet idag med fokus på översvämningar, ras och skred
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport redovisas det arbete som pågått inom ESS-programmets första fas inom temaområde naturolyckor. Detta temaområde innefattar skred, ras, erosion och översvämningar. Målet med det arbete som presenteras i denna rapport har varit att skapa en överblick över hurman idag arbetar med dessa frågor i Sverige med fokus på kommunal nivå. Arbetet utgörs aven sammanställning av tidigare studier, beskrivning av metoder samt intervjuer med svenska och norska kommuner och myndigheter. I de svenska kommunerna har politiker och tjänstemän intervjuats.Förebyggande åtgärder för att minska sannolikheten för, eller konsekvensen av, olyckor vidtas ofta. Åtgärderna är baserade på en analys eller akut reaktion på en specifik händelse. Vissa åtgärder är platsspecifika och kan vara både fysiska och icke fysiska. Andra åtgärder är mer generella såsom lagstiftning och utbildningsinsatser, regional, nationell och internationell policy, direktiv och ramverk.
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| 32. |
- Azarov, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
-
Extended defects in ZnO : Efficient sinks for point defects
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 110:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dopant-defect reactions dominate the defect formation in mono-crystalline ZnO samples implanted with Ag and B ions. This is in contrast to most other ion species studied and results in an enhanced concentration of extended defects, such as stacking faults and defect clusters. Using a combination of B and Ag implants and diffusion of residual Li atoms as a tracer, we demonstrate that extended defects in ZnO act as efficient traps for highly mobile Zn interstitials. The results imply that dynamic annealing involving interaction of point defects with extended ones can play a key role in the disorder saturation observed for ZnO and other radiation-hard semiconductors implanted with high doses.
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| 33. |
- Beglarzadeh, B., et al.
(författare)
-
Modelling and indirect measurement of machine tool equivalent joint compliances
- 2021
-
Ingår i: CIRP - Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1755-5817 .- 1878-0016. ; 35, s. 882-895
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Machine tools require high geometric accuracy and stiffness. Both of these characteristics affect the radius of a radially loaded circular test. By using various loads, the machine's volumetric compliance can be studied as a function of position, orientation, and load. Further processing of the data using a kinematic and compliance model of the machine allows the equivalent joint compliances to be estimated. This model also allows to produce the characteristic patterns of loaded telescopic double ball bar readings associated with each compliance term. The compliance model contains numerous superfluous and confounded terms that are pruned from the model. The analytical model is then used to produce a numerical identification Jacobian that is further applied to estimate the compliances from test data gathered at various force levels. By using all force data at once global compliance values are estimated whereas using only adjacent force level data allows observing the change in compliance with force. The new nomenclature is introduced where each compliance term has three subscripts. The first subscript is the direction of the displacement, the second subscript is the applied force direction, and the third subscript is the relevant joint or axis. The dominant compliances are the X-axis on-axis compliance CXXX (confounded with the lateral compliance of the Y-axis CXXY) and CYYY (confounded with CYYX). It is observed that as the load increases from 76 to 706 N (by increments of 126 N), the dominant compliances increase by around 5%. Type A uncertainties of the calculated compliances are estimated from repeated measurements and are found to be relatively small. Some non-dominant compliances, such as the torsional compliance of the Y-axis CCCY account for deflection of less than 0.5% of that for the main compliances and has a negative value which is mechanically unexpected. It is explained in detail in the results and discussion section.
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| 34. |
- Benson, Mikael, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Cytokines in nasal fluids from school children with seasonal allergic rhinitis.
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 8:3, s. 143-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allergic rhinitis is a particularly good model for studies of cytokine production in vivo. In this study the occurrence of the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IFN-gamma as well as the soluble receptor for IL-4 in nasal lavage fluids were assayed in 38 school children, with seasonal allergic rhinitis, and 19 healthy age-matched, non-atopic controls, using highly sensitive enzyme immunoassays. IL-4 levels in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were markedly increased in comparison with those in non-atopic controls or in atopic patients before the start of the pollen season. In controls, but not in the atopic patients, levels of IFN-gamma and IL-5 were significantly higher in specimens obtained during the pollen season than in those obtained outside the season. The IL-4/IFN-gamma ratios were significantly higher in atopic than in non-atopic subjects and further increased in atopic patients during the season. In addition to IL-4, elevated levels of IL-10 were observed in association with seasonal rhinitis. Following treatment with a topical steroid (budesonide) there was a statistically significant increase of the levels of soluble IL-4 receptor. These findings indicate that nonatopic and atopic individuals react to pollen exposure with distinct cytokine patterns in agreement with the Th1/Th2 concept. Topical steroids may possibly decrease inflammation by increasing the formation of soluble IL-4 receptor.
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| 35. |
- Evans, James, et al.
(författare)
-
'Give Me a Laboratory and I Will Lower Your Carbon Footprint!' : Urban Laboratories and the Governance of Low-Carbon Futures
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0309-1317 .- 1468-2427. ; 38:2, s. 413-430
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing threat of climate change has created a pressing need for cities to lower their carbon footprints. Urban laboratories are emerging in numerous cities around the world as a strategy for local governments to partner with public and private property owners to reduce carbon emissions, while simultaneously stimulating economic growth. In this article, we use insights from laboratory studies to analyse the notion of urban laboratories as they relate to experimental governance, the carbonization agenda and the transition to low-carbon economies. We present a case study of the Oxford Road corridor in Manchester in the UK that is emerging as a low-carbon urban laboratory, with important policy implications for the city's future. The corridor is a bounded space where a public-private partnership comprised of the City Council, two universities and other large property owners is redeveloping the physical infrastructure and installing monitoring equipment to create a recursive feedback loop intended to facilitate adaptive learning. This low-carbon urban laboratory represents a classic sustainable development formula for coupling environmental protection with economic growth, using innovation and partnership as principal drivers. However, it also has significant implications in reworking the interplay of knowledge production and local governance, while reinforcing spatial differentiation and uneven participation in urban development.
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| 36. |
- Gennebäck, Nina, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Transcriptional regulation of cardiac genes balance pro and anti hypertrophic mechanisms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Cardiogenetics. - : MDPI AG. - 2035-8148. ; 2:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterised by unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy. HCM is often hereditary, but the knowledge about the mechanisms leading from mutation to phenotype is incomplete. The transcriptional expression patterns in the myocardium of HCM patients may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms that drive and stabilize the hypertrophy.Design and Methods: Cardiac myectomies/biopsies from 8 patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and 5 controls were studied with whole genome Illumina microarray gene expression (detecting 18 189 mRNA).Results: When comparing HOCM myocardium to controls, there was significant transcriptional down-regulation of the MYH6, EGR1, APOB and FOS genes, and significant transcriptional up-regulation of the ACE2, JAK2, NPPA (ANP), APOA1 and HDAC5genes. Conclusion: The transcriptional regulation revealed both pro and anti hypertrophic mechanisms. The pro hypertrophic response was explained by the transcriptional down-regulation of MYH6, indicating that the switch to the fetal gene program is maintained, and the transcriptional up-regulation of JAK2 in JAK-STAT pathway. The anti hypertrophic response was seen as a transcriptional down-regulation of the immediate early genes (IEGs), FOS and EGR1, and a transcriptional up-regulation of ACE2 and HDAC5. This can be interpreted as a transcriptional endogenous protection system in the heart of the HOCM patients, neither growing nor suppressing the already hypertrophic myocardium.
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| 37. |
- Gocht, Stephan, et al.
(författare)
-
Certifying Solvers for Clique and Maximum Common (Connected) Subgraph Problems
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming - 26th International Conference, CP 2020, Proceedings. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783030584740 ; 12333, s. 338-357
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An algorithm is said to be certifying if it outputs, together with a solution to the problem it solves, a proof that this solution is correct. We explain how state of the art maximum clique, maximum weighted clique, maximal clique enumeration and maximum common (connected) induced subgraph algorithms can be turned into certifying solvers by using pseudo-Boolean models and cutting planes proofs, and demonstrate that this approach can also handle reductions between problems. The generality of our results suggests that this method is ready for widespread adoption in solvers for combinatorial graph problems.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Hamard, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Contribution of microbial photosynthesis to peatland carbon uptake along a latitudinal gradient
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - : British Ecological Society. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 109:9, s. 3424-3441
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phototrophic microbes, also known as micro-algae, display a high abundance in many terrestrial surface soils. They contribute to atmospheric carbon dioxide fluxes through their photosynthesis, and thus regulate climate similar to plants. However, microbial photosynthesis remains overlooked in most terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we hypothesise that phototrophic microbes significantly contribute to peatland C uptake, unless environmental conditions limit their development and their photosynthetic activity. To test our hypothesis, we studied phototrophic microbial communities in five peatlands distributed along a latitudinal gradient in Europe. By means of metabarcoding, microscopy and cytometry analyses, as well as measures of photosynthesis, we investigated the diversity, absolute abundance and photosynthetic rates of the phototrophic microbial communities. We identified 351 photosynthetic prokaryotic and eukaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across the five peatlands. We found that water availability and plant composition were important determinants of the composition and the structure of phototrophic microbial communities. Despite environmental shifts in community structure and composition, we showed that microbial C fixation rates remained similar along the latitudinal gradient. Our results further revealed that phototrophic microbes accounted for approximately 10% of peatland C uptake. Synthesis. Our findings show that phototrophic microbes are extremely diverse and abundant in peatlands. While species turnover with environmental conditions, microbial photosynthesis similarly contributed to peatland C uptake at all latitudes. We estimate that phototrophic microbes take up around 75 MT CO2 per year in northern peatlands. This amount roughly equals the magnitude of projected peatland C loss due to climate warming and highlights the importance of phototrophic microbes for the peatland C cycle.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Hedenstierna, Louise
(författare)
-
Impact of psychosocial factors on rheumatoid arthritis
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the field of rheumatology, the research has been successful in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the underlying pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As a result of this, targeted treatments have been developed, resulting in a dramatic improvement of disease outcome. Today, there is an ongoing work aiming for treating the disease in very early stage or even preventing the disease. However, the exact etiology for RA is not fully known and previous epidemiological research has indicted that contextual factors contributes to both the risk for disease and the development of structural joint damage. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of how external factors, in particular socioeconomic characteristics, associate to the risk for developing, the onset of and the severity of rheumatoid arthritis. In study I, a case-control study within the Swedish Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA), we investigated if low social support and low decision latitude at work, respectively, were associated with risk for RA. Further we investigated whether those two exposures were associated with other previously identified risk factors for disease. We retrieved information on social support from the EIRA I+II study (3724 cases and 5935 controls) and information on decision latitude at work from the EIRA I study (1998 cases and 2252 controls). We did not observe any association between low social support and risk for RA (OR 1.00 (95% CI 0.91– 1.11) in the multivariable model) as compared to not low social support. Nor did we observe any statistically significant association between low decision latitude at work and RA (OR 1.28 (95% CI 0.96–1.71) in the multivariable model) as compared to high decision latitude. Both investigated exposures were associated with smoking and low educational level but neither of them were associated with disease specific characteristics such as ACPA- or RF-status. In study II we analyzed the association between alcohol habits and the risk for development of RA and furthermore if there was an interaction with smoking. We retrieved information on alcohol- and smoking habits from the Swedish National March Cohort (n=41 068). Information on the outcome, i.e. incident RA, was obtained from the national patient register. During the follow-up time 577 individuals developed RA. We observed that overall, alcohol consumption was associated with a 30% reduced risk of RA (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.55-0.86). The negative association between alcohol consumption and RA risk was more pronounced among smokers. We observed a statistically significant interaction between smoking and alcohol habits with an attributable proportion of 0.4. In study III we investigated whether low social support and low decision latitude at work, respectively, were associated to RA disease remission. Information on exposures was retrieved from the EIRA study and information on outcome, that is disease activity at 3, 12 and 60 months follow up, was captured from the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register (SRQ). There were 2820 individuals with information from both EIRA and SRQ. In this study low social support was not associated with remission rate at any of the investigated time-points, as compared to not low social support. Low decision latitude at work was not associated to remission at any of the investigated time-points, compared to not low decision latitude at work. Our studies have contributed to the understanding of the impact of external factors on both disease risk and disease course in RA.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Hedenstierna, Nils, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
The Use of Inverse Layout Trees for Hierarchical Design Rule Checking
- 1988
-
Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided Design ICCAD. - New York, New York, USA : ACM Press. - 0738-100X. - 0897913108 ; 1988, s. 534-537
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inverse layout tree concept is used to perform fully hierarchical DRC without any constraints on the use of overlapping or incomplete cells that are completed at higher levels of hierarchy. Hierarchy is preserved and design rule violations are displayed in the cell where they should be corrected. The DRC is corner-based and processes 200-800 corners/second on a VAX 11/750.
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| 44. |
- Hedenstierna, Nils, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
The Use of Inverse Layout Trees for Hierarchical Design Rule Checking
- 1989
-
Ingår i: 26th Conference on Design Automation. - 0738-100X. - 0897913108 ; 1989:25-29 June 1989, s. 508-512
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inverse layout tree concept is used to perform fully hierarchical DRC without any constraints on the use of overlapping or incomplete cells that are completed at higher levels of hierarchy. Hierarchy is preserved and design rule violations are displayed in the cell where they should be corrected. The DRC is corner-based and processes 200-800 corners/second on a VAX 11/750.
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| 45. |
- Hedenstierna, Sofia, 1976-
(författare)
-
3D Finite Element Modeling of Cervical Musculature and its Effect on Neck Injury Prevention
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Injuries to the head and neck are potentially the most severe injuries in humans, since they may damage the nervous system. In accidents, the cervical musculature stabilizes the neck in order to prevent injury to the spinal column and is also a potential site for acute muscle strain, resulting in neck pain. The musculature is consequently an important factor in the understanding of neck injuries. There is however a lack of data on muscle response and little is known about the dynamics of the individual muscles. In this thesis the numerical method of Finite Elements (FE) is used to examine the importance of musculature in accidental injuries. In order to study the influence of a continuum musculature, a 3D solid element muscle model with continuum mechanical material properties was developed. It was hypothesized that a 3D musculature model would improve the biofidelity of a numerical neck model by accounting for the passive compressive stiffness, mass inertia, and contact interfaces between muscles. A solid element representation would also enable the study of muscle tissue strain injuries. A solid element muscle model representing a 50th percentile male was created, based on the geometry from MRI, and incorporated into an existing FE model of the spine. The passive material response was modeled with nonlinear-elastic and viscoelastic properties derived from experimental tensile tests. The active forces were modeled with discrete Hill elements. In the first version of the model the passive solid element muscles were used together with separate active spring elements. In the second version the active elements were integrated in the solid mesh with coincident nodes. This combined element, called the Super-positioned Muscle Finite Element (SMFE), was evaluated for a single muscle model before it was incorporated in the more complex neck muscle model. The main limitation of the SMFE was that the serial connected Hill-type elements are unstable due to their individual force-length relationship. The instabilities in the SMFE were minimized by the addition of passive compressive stiffness from the solid element and by the decreased gradient of the force-length relation curve. The solid element musculature stabilized the vertebral column and reduced the predicted ligament strains during simulated impacts. The solid element compressive stiffness added to the passive stiffness of the cervical model. This decreased the need for additional active forces to reproduce the kinematic response of volunteers during impact. The active response of the SMFE improved model biofidelity and reduced buckling of muscles in compression. The solid element model predicted forces, strains, and energies for individual muscles and showed that the muscle response is dependent on impact direction and severity. For each impact direction, the model identified a few muscles as main load carriers that corresponded to muscles generating high EMG signals in volunteers. The single largest contributing factor to neck injury prediction was the muscle active forces. Muscle activation reduced the risk of injury in ligaments in high-energy impacts. The most urgent improvements of the solid element muscle model concerns: the stability of the SMFE; the boundary conditions from surrounding tissues; and more detailed representations of the myotendinous junctions. The model should also be more extensively validated for the kinematical response and for the muscle load predictions. It was concluded that a solid muscle model with continuum mechanical material properties improves the kinematical response and injury prediction of a FE neck model compared to a spring muscle model. The solid muscle model can predict muscle loads and provide insight to how muscle dynamics affect spinal stability as well as muscle acute strain injuries.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Hellman, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Positron emission tomography with 11C-methionine in hyperparathyroidism
- 1994
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Ingår i: Surgery. - 0039-6060 .- 1532-7361. ; 116:6, s. 974-981
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Positron emission tomography (PET) has not been evaluated for preoperative localization and functional characterization of the parathyroid tissue in hyperparathyroidism. METHODS: Images of the neck and upper mediastinum of 23 patients with hyperparathyroidism were obtained by PET after intravenous administration of 400 to 800 MBq L-[methyl-11C]-methionine. The investigation was repeated in six patients after Na2-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid infusion, whereby stable 65% to 157% rise in intact serum parathyroid hormone values was attained. RESULTS: Parathyroid surgical procedure revealed single (21 patients) or two enlarged parathyroid glands (two patients) that were characterized as chief cell adenoma (n = 13), hyperplasia (n = 10), or carcinoma (n = 2) and weighed 80 to 6000 mg. Twenty (80%) of these glands were localized by PET. The remaining examinations (20%) were false negative and mainly encompassed small parathyroids in juxtathyroid position. Among 15 patients undergoing parathyroid reoperation true-positive localizations were obtained for 87% of the glands. The images displayed lower tracer uptake in residual thyroid lobes (n = 40), esophagus, and cervical vertebrae. Na2-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid infusion failed to enhance parathyroid uptake values. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, technetium-thallium scintigraphy, and venous sampling revealed 25% to 53% of the pathologic parathyroid tissues of the patients undergoing reoperation and was largely complementary to PET. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that PET may provide novel possibilities for the imaging of pathologic parathyroid glands in hyperparathyroidism.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Johansson, Marianne, 1951
(författare)
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Life after terminated IVF – experience and quality of life among men and women
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to study experiences of infertility and quality of life as subjectively experienced health and psychological well-being as well as demographic, socio-economic and health issues in men and women terminating IVF unsuccessfully, i.e. without subsequent childbirth. The informants in the qualitative studies, in which a descriptive, phenomenological method was used, were eight women (Paper I) and eight men with severe male-factor infertility (Paper II). The informants had, two years earlier, terminated assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment unsuccessfully. All informants had had fertilized oocytes after in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI) and embryo transfer (ET) had also been performed. Papers III and IV are parts of a large collaborative project in the Västra Götaland region including different perspectives on quality of life 4-5.5 years after terminated IVF treatment provided by the public health system. The informants in Paper III were couples who had undergone unsuccessful IVF treatment. The study in Paper IV was performed on men and women who had successfully or unsuccessfully undergone IVF. Comparisons were made with a control group with spontaneously conceived children. Data were collected with the “Psychological General Well- Being” (PGWB) and “Sense of Coherence “(SOC) instruments, and with two questionnaires focusing on experiences of infertility and socio-economic, demographic and health data. This thesis shows that the essence of the women’s experience of involuntary infertility was life-grief, including grief at being childless, unable to reproduce and unable to continue the family, as well as a feeling of being unable to confirm the relationship through parenthood. The essence of the men’s experiences was described with a metaphor: climbing a mountain step by step with the aim of reaching the top, i.e. having a child and thus a family with a child. Quality of life among couples who had terminated IVF unsuccessfully did not differ considerably from that in a control group with children. However, 23% of this unsuccessful IVF group were living without children and 77% were living with children. The 23 % living without children had a lower quality of life than the 77% living with children and the control group. Infertility remained a central issue for those living without children. Quality of life among men in the unsuccessful IVF group living without children was lower than among men in the successful IVF group and men in the control group. Women in the unsuccessful IVF group living without children reported a lower quality of life than women in the successful IVF group and they scored two of the assessed quality of life variables lower than women in the control group. Men in the successful IVF group scored three assessed quality of life variables higher, compared to the women in that group. Men and women in the unsuccessful IVF group living without children did not differ in quality of life. Keywords: infertility, IVF, ICSI, childlessness, phenomenology, lifeworld, grief, male-factor infertility, obstructive azoospermia, experience, psychology, quality of life, follow-up, gender ISBN 978-91-628-8074-3
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