| 1. |
- Wang, Li-San, et al.
(författare)
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Rarity of the Alzheimer Disease-Protective APP A673T Variant in the United States.
- 2015
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Ingår i: JAMA neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6157 .- 2168-6149. ; 72:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, a rare variant in the amyloid precursor protein gene (APP) was described in a population from Iceland. This variant, in which alanine is replaced by threonine at position 673 (A673T), appears to protect against late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD). We evaluated the frequency of this variant in AD cases and cognitively normal controls to determine whether this variant will significantly contribute to risk assessment in individuals in the United States.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Cloninger, Kevin M., et al.
(författare)
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A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study using Mind-Body Interventions among Refugees in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. - : University of Buckingham Press. - 2043-7730 .- 2043-7749. ; 9:3, s. 19-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Migration is one of the major challenges of the 21st century with many refugees being victims of torture and experiencing war and the collapse of their society. Sweden, for example, received about 169,520 refugees during 2015 and 20–30% of them were estimated to suffer from mental illness. Nevertheless, research shows that about 66.40% of refugees never reveal their traumatic experiences to a doctor and a majority refuse psychiatric help. Hence, we need innovative methods to promote the physical, mental, and social health of refugees. Objective: We examined the effects of Anthropedia’s Well-Being Coaching (i.e., a biopsychosocial approach to coaching) and Well-Being Spa (i.e., modern version of age-old Spa interventions) on the personality and health of a sample of refugees living in Sweden. Methodology: Participants were recruited as part of a health and employment project in Blekinge, Sweden. A total of 70 Syrian refugees were randomly assigned to a six-month intervention comprising either Well-Being Coaching, or Well-Being Spa, or both (i.e., Mind–Body). The participants reported personality (temperament and character), well-being (positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, and harmony in life), and ill-being (defeat and entrapment, and anxiety and depression) at the beginning and at the end of the six-month intervention period. Results: Participants assigned to the Well-Being Coaching intervention showed increases in self-directedness (Cohen’s d = 0.84), cooperativeness (Cohen’s d = 0.36), positive affect (Cohen’s d = 0.43), and life satisfaction (Cohen’s d = 0.56), and decreases in both negative affect (Cohen’s d = 0.38) and defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.89). Participants assigned to the Well-Being Spa intervention showed decreases in harm avoidance (Cohen’s d = 0.55), reward dependence (Cohen’s d = 0.69), negative affect (Cohen’s d = 0.82), anxiety (Cohen’s d = 0.53), defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.34), and external entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.42). Participants assigned to the Mind–Body intervention showed significant decreases in harm avoidance (Cohen’s d = 0.47), anxiety (Cohen’s d = 0.61), depression (Cohen’s d = 0.34), defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.56), external entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.44), and internal entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.79) and increases in persistence (Cohen’s d = 0.27), self-directedness (Cohen’s d = 0.28), cooperativeness (Cohen’s d = 0.43), self-transcendence (Cohen’s d = 0.51), positive affect (Cohen’s d = 0.42), and harmony in life (Cohen’s d = 0.36). Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that Well-Being Coaching strengthens refugees’ character, while the Well-Being Spa treatments reduced participants’ tendency to worry and anxiety. Finally, the combination of these two interventions seems to promote the development of health-related traits, reduce ill-health, and stress, and increase well-being in a wider biopsychosocial perspective.
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| 4. |
- Cloninger, Kevin M., et al.
(författare)
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The Health Effects of Anthropedia’s Well-Being Coaching: A 6-Month Pilot Study Among Long-Term Unemployment Swedish Young Adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science, Paris, France.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years Sweden had an increased number of asylum seekers entering the country. Asylum seeking can affect the physical and mental health of individuals due to prolonged application processes and waiting times which can lead to inactivity. Physical inactivity is one of the leading risk factors leading to noncommunicable diseases and overall mortality. The Public Health Report Blekinge 2014 states that groups with low socioeconomic status are less likely to be physically active in comparison with groups with a high socioeconomic status. Physical activity contributes to physical and mental well-being, and increases the possibilities for creating social networks as well as being part of the society. The project “Health for Everybody” (Hälsa för Alla) offers physical and cultural activities to approximately 300 refugees who have been granted asylum in the Blekinge region. The activities are conducted with the help of physical trainers, testing staff and community workers. In its current format each group of 20 to 30 refugees is offered training once a week for a 10-week period. The participants’ physical and psychological health and lifestyle habits are measured before and after the program through bioimpedance, physical conditioning tests and self-reports of psychological aspects related to health and lifestyle. We examined the health effects of cultural activities and Well-Being Coaching among long-term unemployed Swedish young adults. While individuals receiving cultural activities only showed a slight decrease in anxiety, those receiving Well-Being Coaching showed significant increases in subjective well-being and decreases in depression, anxiety, and sense of defeat and entrapment.
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| 5. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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A Pilot Study on Newly Graduated Nurses' Personal Vulnerability for Burnout
- 2019
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Ingår i: 31st Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Washington, D.C., USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nurses’ work is characterized by overload and hard decisions. Despite 80% of new ly graduated nurses being socially warm and dedicated, 72.97% lacked purpose and meaning and felt ineffective and disconnected from the rest of the world. Moreover, 51.70% had a personality profile with high risk for burnout and ill-being.
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| 6. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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A Pilot Study on Resilience (Harm Avoidance, Persistence, and Self-directedness) among Swedish Newly Graduated Nurses
- 2019
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Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science, Paris, France.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A Resilient profile is low in Harm Avoidance (i.e., relaxed, confident, and optimistic) and high in Persistence (i.e., industrious, perseverant, and hard-working) and Self-Directedness (i.e., responsible, reliable, self-acceptant, goal-oriented, and resourceful). We found that, compared to the general population, only 6.90% of Swedish newly graduated nurses had a resilient profile.
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| 7. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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A Pilot Study on Temperament (Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, and Reward Dependence) among Swedish Newly Graduated Nurses
- 2019
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Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science, Paris, France.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One factor for burnout vulnerability among nurses is their temperament profile. Compared to the general population, about 80% of Swedish newly graduated nurses were sentimental, warm, dedicated, attached, and dependent (i.e., high Reward Dependence) and 50% were worrying, pessimistic, doubtful, shy and low in energy (i.e., high Harm Avoidance).
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| 8. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Agentic, communal, and spiritual traits are related to the semantic representation of written narratives of positive and negative life events
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychology of Well-Being. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2211-1522. ; 5:8, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We used a computational method to quantitatively investigate the relationship between personality and written narratives of life events. Agentic (i.e., self- directedness), communal (i.e., cooperativeness), and spiritual (self-transcendence) traits were of special interest because they represent individual differences in intentional val- ues and goals, in contrast to temperament traits, which describe individual differences in automatic responses to emotional stimuli. We also investigated which pronouns were most common in relation to personality constructs that were significantly related to the narratives. Methods: Personality was assessed among 79 adolescents at one point in time using the NEO Personality Inventory—Revised (NEO-PI-R) and the temperament and char- acter inventory (TCI). Six months later, adolescents were asked to write down the most positive or the most negative event that had happened to them in the last 3 months. Adolescents were explicitly instructed to answer the following questions within their narratives: What happened? Who were involved? Why do you think it happened? How did you feel when it happened? How do you think the involved persons felt? The descriptions were quantified using a computational method in which the latent semantic analysis algorithm generates a semantic representation of the narratives. Results: Only self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence were related to the semantic representation of the narratives. Moreover, cooperativeness and self- transcendence were associated with less frequent usage of singular pronouns (e.g., me respectively mine). Conclusions: Agentic, communal, and spiritual traits are involved when adolescents describe positive and negative life experiences. Moreover, high levels of communal and spiritual traits are related to less self-focused narratives.
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| 9. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Self-transcendence
- 2017
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Ingår i: V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319280998
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Self-transcendence (concept of our participation in the world as a whole) is one of the three aspects of human character in Cloninger’s biopsychosociospiritual model of personality (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993). This character trait is a measure of how well people identify themselves as an integral part of the universe as a whole and their experience of something elevated that goes beyond ourselves, that is, self-forgetfulness, transpersonal identification, spiritual acceptance, contemplation, idealism (Cloninger, 2004).
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| 10. |
- Heatherington, Laurie, et al.
(författare)
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Sustaining outcomes research in residential treatment : a 15-year study of the Gould Farm program
- 2019
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Ingår i: Psychological services. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1541-1559 .- 1939-148X. ; 6:4, s. 675-686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present findings from a study of outcomes of residential treatment for people who have mental illness, primarily schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar disorders. The study assesses a range of individual variables before and after participation in the program, to examine clinical and personal recovery and facilitate program improvement. To our knowledge, it is the longest ongoing outcomes study (15+ years) of its kind. The program, Gould Farm, provides recovery-focused, milieu treatment on a 700-acre working farm. It integrates counseling and medication with a work program that provides opportunities for the development of daily living, social, and work skills as well as mental and physical health. Clients were interviewed in person at intake and at discharge. Also, since study year 10 when the follow-up arm began, former clients were interviewed at 6, 18, and 36 months postdischarge via phone. Interview protocols included standard measures of psychiatric symptoms and functioning, substance use, quality of life, and treatment satisfaction. Follow-up interview protocols also assessed individuals’ living, working, family, and social situations as well as their satisfaction in these areas of recovery. Statistically significant improvements on all measures were found at discharge, and were not moderated by key demographic or clinical factors. Preliminary follow-up data showed maintenance of treatment gains, and high treatment satisfaction. We discuss clinical implications of the findings as well as limitations, directions for future research, and recommendations for sustaining outcomes research in organized care settings.
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| 11. |
- Hultin Rosenberg, Jonas, 1983-
(författare)
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The All-Affected Principle and its Critics : A Study on Democratic Inclusion
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The problem of democratic inclusion, which concerns inclusion in and exclusion from the demos, has attracted significant scholarly attention in the last decade. The all-affected principle seeks to resolve this problem by maintaining that all those and only those who are affected should be included in the demos. But although this principle has often been regarded as a prima facie attractive solution, the literature also claims that it has been “proven” to be unreasonable. The present discussion examines this claim by undertaking a critical evaluation of the arguments upon which it is based – that the all-affected principle is incoherent, that it provides no solution because it presupposes that the problem has already been solved, that it is incompatible with political equality, that it renders a functioning democracy impossible because it either frequently changes the composition of the demos, or generates an overly inclusive demos, and that it challenges established practices of incompetence-based exclusion. Adherents of the all-affected principle must take these arguments seriously since they criticize the principle on its own terms. But insofar as the present study demonstrates that such arguments fail to reveal any generic flaw in the principle, they do not challenge the principle as such, but only certain versions of it. These include the most common version, which requires the inclusion of all those and only those who are both competent and better or worse off as an actual consequence of actual decisions taken by the democratic state. Also affected is the main alternative version, which requires the inclusion of all those and only those who are better or worse off as a possible consequence of a possible decision taken by the democratic state. In response, this thesis proposes a third version of the principle that requires the inclusion of all those and only those who are able to participate, and also better or worse off as a foreseeable consequence of a decision or non-decision that the democratic state has capacity and ability to take. This version avoids the arguments that have been brought against the all-affected principle without compromising that which makes it initially attractive.
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| 12. |
- Lorentsson, Robert, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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A 4-afc study comparing ultrasound machines using a greyscale phantom
- 2015
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Ingår i: IFMBE Proceedings. 16th Nordic-Baltic Conference on Biomedical Engineering. October 14-16, 2014, Gothenburg, Sweden. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1680-0737. ; 48, s. 82-85
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015. Two ultrasound machines, one high-end and one ordinary, were compared in terms of their ability to reproduce low-contrast objects using the same probe. Images containing 4 mm objects of four different contrasts were collected from a greyscale phantom at 35-42 mm depth. Six observers participated in a 4-alternative forced choice study based on 120 images. At this certain depth and object size the proportion of correct responses was higher (statistically significant) for the high-end machine at three of four contrast levels, indicating the possibility to discriminate between ultrasound machines using a limited number of images of a greyscale phantom. However, the number of images and number of observers needed are larger than usually used for constancy control.
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| 13. |
- Lorentsson, Robert, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the low-contrast detectability of two ultrasound systems using a grayscale phantom
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics. - : Wiley. - 1526-9914. ; 17:6, s. 366-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to use a commercially available grayscale phantom to compare two ultrasound systems regarding their ability to reproduce clinically relevant low-contrast objects at different sizes and depths, taking into account human observer variability and other methodological issues related to observer performance studies. One high-end and one general ultrasound scanner from the same manufacturer using the same probe were included. The study was intended to simulate the clinical situation where small low-contrast objects are embedded in relatively homogeneous organs. Images containing 4 and 6.4 mm objects of four different contrasts were acquired from the grayscale phantom at different depths. Six observers participated in a 4-alternative forced-choice study based on 960 images. Case sample and human observer variabilities were taken into account using bootstrapping. At four of sixteen depth/size/contrast combinations, the visual performance of the high-end scanner was significantly higher. Thus, it was possible to use a grayscale phantom to discriminate between the two evaluated ultrasound systems in terms of their ability to reproduce clinically relevant low-contrast objects. However, the number of images and number of observers were larger than those usually used for constancy control.
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| 14. |
- Lorentsson, Robert, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Method for automatic detection of defective ultrasound linear array transducers based on uniformity assessment of clinical images - A case study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics. - : Wiley. - 1526-9914. ; 19:2, s. 265-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to test an idea of and describe a concept of a novel method of detecting defects related to horizontal nonuniformities in ultrasound equipment. The method is based on the analysis of ultrasound images collected directly from the clinical workflow. In total over 31000 images from three ultrasound scanners from two vendors were collected retrospectively from a database. An algorithm was developed and applied to the images, 150 at a time, for detection of systematic dark regions in the superficial part of the images. The result was compared with electrical measurements (FirstCall) of the transducers, performed at times when the transducers were known to be defective. The algorithm made similar detection of horizontal nonuniformities for images acquired at different time points over long periods of time. The results showed good subjective visual agreement with the available electrical measurements of the defective transducers, indicating a potential use of clinical images for early and automatic detection of defective transducers, as a complement to quality control.
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| 15. |
- Rapp-Ricciardi, Max, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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A Pilot Study on Character (Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence) among Swedish Newly Graduated Nurses
- 2019
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Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science, Paris, France.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Character or an individual’s relation to the self (Self-Directedness) and others (Cooperativeness) and her participation in the world as a whole (Self-Transcendence) are important ingredients for well-being. Here we found that, compared to the general population, about 73% of Swedish newly graduated nurses were low in both Self-Directedness and Self-Transcendence.
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| 16. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2019
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