| 1. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 2. |
- Adli, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Progress Of The Ess Proton Beam Imaging Systems
- 2022
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Ingår i: LINAC2022. - : ACoW Publishing. ; , s. 395-398
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ESS Target Proton Beam Imaging Systems has the objective to image the 5 MW ESS proton beam as it entersthe spallation target. The imaging systems has to operate in a harsh radiation environment, leading to a number of challenges : development of radiation hard photon sources, long and aperture-restricted optical paths and fast electronics required to provide rapid information in case of beam anomalies. This paper outlines how main challenges of the imaging systems have been addressed, and the status of deployment as ESS gets closer to beam.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Acute symptomatic seizures and epilepsy after mechanical thrombectomy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Epilepsy and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-5050 .- 1525-5069. ; 104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of acute symptomatic seizures and poststroke epilepsy (PSE) in a well-characterized cohort of patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy. In addition, we aimed to describe the dynamics of blood markers of brain injury in patients that developed PSE. Methods: Participants of the prospective AnStroke Trial of anesthesia method during mechanical thrombectomy were included and acute symptomatic seizures and PSE ascertained by medical records review. Blood markers neurofilament light (NFL), tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were assessed. Results: A total of 90 patients with acute anterior ischemic stroke were included. Median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission to hospital was 18 (IQR 15–22). Recanalization was achieved in 90%. No patients had epilepsy prior to the ischemic stroke. Four patients (4.4%) had acute symptomatic seizures and four patients (4.4%) developed PSE during the follow-up time (to death or last medical records review) of 0–4.5 years (median follow-up 1070 days IQR 777–1306), resulting in a two-year estimated PSE risk of 5.3% (95%CI: 0.2–10.4%). Blood markers of brain injury (NFL, tau, GFAP, S100B, and NSE) were generally above the cohort median in patients that developed PSE. Conclusions: The incidence of PSE after mechanical thrombectomy was low in our cohort. All blood biomarkers displayed interesting sensitivity and specificity. However, the number of PSE cases was small and more studies are needed on risk factors for PSE after mechanical thrombectomy. The potential of blood markers of brain injury markers to contribute to assessment of PSE risk should be explored further. This article is part of the Special Issue "Seizures & Stroke".
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