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- Rydén, Lisbeth, 1967-
(author)
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Diskursiv arbetsmiljö : Ett nytt perspektiv på organisatorisk arbetsmiljö
- 2020
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Studiens övergripande syfte är att bidra till kunskap om organisatorisk arbetsmiljö. Studiens specifika syfte är tudelat: dels att undersöka och utvärdera en diskursiv ansats för att bedöma och hantera organisatorisk arbetsmiljö, dels att undersöka och utveckla en modell för att bedöma och hantera organisatorisk arbetsmiljö med en diskursiv ansats. Den diskursiva ansatsen arbetades fram genom att fokusera på de grundläggande ontologiska och epistemologiska frågorna och utgår från en socialkonstruktivistisk syn på såväl organisationers som människors existens.Den diskursiva ansatsen uppmärksammar framförallt två övergripande faktorer i den organisatoriska arbetsmiljön. Den ena faktorn berör hur organiserandet påverkar såväl den individuella som den gemensamma förmågan att göra ett väl utfört arbete. Den andra faktorn berör de existentiella konsekvenserna som organiserandet, och det direkta tilltalet inom organisationen, kan medföra för de chefer och medarbetare som berörs.Modellen för att bedöma organisatorisk arbetsmiljö med en diskursiv ansats består av tio steg – från att generera ett relevant empiriskt material till att intervenera i den organisatoriska (diskursiva) arbetsmiljön. I arbetet med att utveckla modellen uppstod ett behov av ett begrepp för den ”form” de organiserande diskurserna skapar för chefer och medarbetare. Formen definierar hur organisationens medlemmar förväntas vara för att passa in i organiserandet. Den form som de organiserande diskurserna skapar benämns i avhandlingen organisatorisk idealkaraktär och är en viktig del av den analys som ingår i modellen för att bedöma organisatorisk arbetsmiljö med en diskursiv ansats.Modellen lyfter fram en problematisering, analys och bedömning baserad på de diskurser som styr organiserandet, det aktuella arbetets karaktär och den organisatoriska idealkaraktären. Är de tre aspekterna förenliga? Samverkar de så att de stärker förmågan att göra ett väl utfört arbete – på kort respektive lång sikt – eller försvagar de den?Diskursiv arbetsmiljö är ett samlingsbegrepp som betecknar den arbetsmiljö som skapas av de organiserande diskursernas samverkan och de risk- och friskfaktorer som kan uppmärksammas med en diskursiv ansats för att bedöma organisatorisk arbetsmiljö.
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| 2. |
- Forsblad-D’Elia, Helena, et al.
(author)
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Biomechanical properties of common carotid arteries assessed by circumferential 2D strain and β stiffness index in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
- 2021
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In: Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X. ; 48:3, s. 352-360
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related to atherosclerosis, preceded by arterial stiffness. We aimed to examine common carotid artery (CCA) biomechanical properties using ultrasound to calculate β stiffness index (indicating arterial stiffness) and, a more recently developed technique, 2-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking strain (indicating arterial motion and deformation, strain) to (1) compare with age- and sex-matched controls, and (2) analyze relationships between strain and stiffness with disease characteristics and traditional risk factors for CVD in patients with AS. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, a cohort of 149 patients with AS, mean age 55.3 ± 11.2 years, 102 (68.5%) men, and 146 (98%) HLA-B27–positive, were examined. Bilateral CCA were examined for circumferential 2D strain and β stiffness index. A subgroup of 46 patients was compared with 46 age- and sex-matched controls, both groups without hypertensive disease, diabetes, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Results. Mean bilateral circumferential 2D strain was lower in AS patients compared with controls (7.9 ± 2.6% vs 10.3 ± 1.9%, P < 0.001), whereas mean bilateral β stiffness index was higher (13.1 ± 1.7 mmHg/mm vs 12.3 ± 1.3 mmHg/mm, P = 0.02). In multivariable linear regression analyses, strain was associated with age, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, history of anterior uveitis, and treatment with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) and/or biological DMARD (R2 0.33), while stiffness was associated with age (R2 0.19). Conclusion. Both CCA circumferential 2D strain and β stiffness index differed between patients with AS and controls. Strain was associated with AS-related factors and age, whereas only age was associated with stiffness, suggesting that the obtained results reflect different pathogenic vascular processes.
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| 3. |
- Forsblad-d'Elia, Helena, et al.
(author)
-
Biomechanical properties of common carotid arteries assessed by circumferential two-dimensional strain and β stiffness index in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
- 2021
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In: Journal of Rheumatology. - : The Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 48:3, s. 352-360
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related to atherosclerosis, preceded by arterial stiffness. We aimed to examine common carotid artery (CCA) biomechanical properties using ultrasound to calculate β stiffness index (indicating arterial stiffness) and, a more recently developed technique, two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking strain (indicating arterial motion and deformation, strain) to 1) compare with age- and sex-matched controls and to 2) analyze relationships between strain and stiffness with disease characteristics and traditional risk factors for CVD in AS patients.METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a cohort of 149 patients with AS, mean age 55.3±11.2 years, 102(68.5%) men, 146 (98%) HLA-B27 positive, were examined. Bilateral CCAs were examined for circumferential 2D strain and β stiffness index. A subgroup of 46 patients were compared with 46 age- and sex-matched controls, both groups without hypertensive disease, diabetes, myocardial infarction or stroke.RESULTS: Mean bilateral circumferential 2D strain was lower in AS patients compared with controls, 7.9±2.6% vs 10.3±1.9%, p<0.001 whereas mean bilateral β stiffness index was higher, 13.1±1.6mmHg/mm vs 12.3±1.3mmHg/mm, p=0.018. In multivariable linear regression analyses strain was associated with age, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, history of anterior uveitis and treatment with csDMARD and/or bDMARD (R2 0.33), while stiffness was associated with age (R2 0.19).CONCLUSION: Both CCA circumferential 2D strain and β stiffness index differed between AS patients and controls. Strain was associated with AS-related factors and age while stiffness with age, suggesting that the obtained results reflect different pathogenic vascular processes.
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| 5. |
- Zhu, Hui, et al.
(author)
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Not transparent and incomprehensible : A qualitative user study of an AI-empowered financial advisory system
- 2023
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In: Data and Information Management. - : Elsevier. - 2543-9251.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AI-empowered and algorithm-driven automated financial advisory systems, also known as Robo-advisors, have been rapidly implemented by service providers and customers in financial service markets. Yet, few empirical studies investigate customers’ experience interacting with fully functional Robo-advisors in real-life scenarios. Also, it is still unknown how the design of the automated system can affect customers’ perception and adoption of this new technology. To mitigate these gaps, 24 participants with different levels of experience and understanding of financial investment were asked to use a Robo-advisor from a retail bank and perform the tasks. By conducting observations and retrospective post-test interviews, we find that participants do not fully perceive the social aspects supposed to be provided by Robo-advisors. The overarching problems are, among others, a lack of transparency and incomprehensible information. This results in distrust of the results generated by this system, which negatively affects customers’ adoption of the investment advice provided by the Robo-advisor. The potential of interactive data visualization is also detected. This work contributes to the understanding of customers regarding their perception and adoption based on their use of a functional Robo-advisor and proposes design takeaways for transparent and comprehensible automated advisory systems in financial service contexts.
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| 6. |
- Zhu, Hui
(author)
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Understanding Customers in AI-empowered Financial Advisory Systems and Services : An interdisciplinary study of Robo-advisors
- 2023
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- AI-empowered financial advisory services, also known as robo-advisors, present both innovations and challenges as they replace human financial advisors, reshape customer service, and attract customers with different characteristics than their predecessors. Therefore, it is more important than ever for financial service providers to understand customers’ perception and experience of using robo-advisors on the service front line. However, our systematic literature review indicates that research on robo-advisors is scattered across different disciplines with a narrow focus on sharing knowledge across fields. Moreover, empirical studies on robo-advisors have primarily focused on customer acceptance and intentional behaviors, often based on data collected through surveys. Also, these studies have paid less attention to the role of robo-advisor design and the context in which customers interact with fully functional robo-advisors in real-life situations. To address these gaps, this thesis aims to synthesize interdisciplinary knowledge and identify gaps in the research on robo-advisors. It also aims to explore customers’ experience of using and interacting with robo-advisors and how the experience affects their perception and adoption of the service. By conducting a systematic literature review and a qualitative user study, this thesis finds that customers’ perceptions of robo-advisors often do not meet their expectations. Nontransparency and incomprehensible information about the system’s decision-making are significant barriers to customers’ adoption of robo-advisors. This thesis contributes to a deeper understanding of customers in AI-empowered financial advisory services by using theories and approaches across different disciplines. It also provides practical implications for practitioners in the robo-advisory service industry.
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