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- Berman, Anne H., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) in criminal justice and detoxification settings and in a Swedish population sample
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 11:1, s. 22-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychometric properties of the 11-item self-report Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) were evaluated in a sample of heavy drug users from prison, probation, and inpatient detoxification settings, and in a general Swedish population sample. In the drug user sample, the DUDIT predicted drug dependence with a sensitivity of 90% for both DSM-4 and ICD-10 and a respective specificity of 78 and 88%. Reliability according to Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.80. In the population sample, 3.1% scored positive on the DUDIT; T-score values are suggested. The DUDIT screens effectively for drug-related problems in clinically selected groups and may prove useful in the context of public health surveys.
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- Håkansson, Anders C, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of primary amphetamine users in Sweden: a criminal justice population examined with the Addiction Severity Index.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9891 .- 1022-6877. ; 15:1, s. 10-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/AIMS: Characteristics of primary amphetamine, heroin and cocaine users were compared in a criminal justice population. METHODS: 7,085 clients with suspected or reported substance use were studied using the Addiction Severity Index. Variables separating amphetamine, heroin and cocaine users were analyzed in stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS: There were considerably more primary amphetamine users (n = 1,396) than heroin (n = 392) and cocaine (n = 119) users. Amphetamine users were older, a more rural population, and less likely to be non-Nordic immigrants. Compared with heroin, amphetamine use was associated with older age, Nordic origin, nonurban residence, memory/concentration problems, parental alcohol problems, and less history of other opioid use, overdose and detoxification. Compared with cocaine, amphetamine use was associated with older age, Nordic origin, nonurban residence, injecting, tobacco and institution treatment. Overlap of drug use between groups was relatively uncommon. CONCLUSION: This pattern of amphetamine use, common among Swedish criminals, has relatively distinct boundaries from heroin and cocaine use, commonly involves injecting, and differs from other countries. Psychiatric problems and alcohol heredity were common, and evidence-based treatment for amphetamine users is needed. The connection between amphetamine use and criminal behavior is insufficiently understood and should be further addressed.
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- Håkansson, Anders C, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with history of non-fatal overdose among opioid users in the Swedish criminal justice system.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0046 .- 0376-8716. ; 94:1-3, s. 48-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Overdose (OD) is a common cause of death in opioid users. Also, many current opioid users report a history of non-fatal OD. The present study aimed to identify factors associated with a history of non-fatal OD. METHODS: A sample of 7085 Swedish criminal justice clients with alcohol or drug misuse was assessed, using the Addiction Severity Index. Subjects reporting use of opioids during the 30 days prior to incarceration were included (n=1113). Relevant variables of misuse pattern, heredity, psychiatric symptoms and previous criminal charges were analysed in a logistic regression model. RESULTS: A history of non-fatal OD was reported by 55% (n=604). The estimated contribution to the variance in OD history was 25% for variables describing misuse pattern, compared to 10% for psychiatric symptoms, 8% for heredity, and 8% for previous criminal charges. The final model included the following variables: history of injection drug use (OR 3.28), history of heroin use (OR 2.87), history of suicide attempt (OR 1.92), history of tranquilliser use (OR 1.91), being born in Sweden or other Nordic countries (OR 1.74), difficulty in controlling violent behaviour (OR 1.68), and paternal alcohol problems (OR 1.57). CONCLUSIONS: Suicide attempts and difficulty in controlling violent behaviour were associated with history of non-fatal OD, independent of variables of misuse pattern. This may indicate a possible association with impulse control disturbances, and may have clinical applications. Country of birth and heredity of alcohol problems also had some influence. As expected, severity of misuse most strongly contributed to history of non-fatal OD.
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- Månsson, P. E., et al.
(författare)
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Nonanoic acid, other alkanoic acids and related compounds as antifeedants in Hylobius abietis pine weevils
- 2006
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 0013-8703 .- 1570-7458. ; 121:3, s. 191-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A medium-length, straight-chain alkanoic acid, nonanoic acid, is known from laboratory microassays to be an antifeedant in adults of the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Our hypothesis was that we could find new, less volatile alkanoic acids or related compounds suitable for field application and with improved long-term duration. Alkanoic acids of varying chain lengths (C6-C13) were tested for antifeedant activity in H. abietis adults. Microassay choice tests showed that straight-chain (C6-C11) alkanoic acids were active. However, high activities were restricted to the (C6-C10) acids, with the C9 (nonanoic acid) at 4 μmol cm-2 being the most active one. In a no-choice test on pine twigs, the antifeedant effect of C10 acid was lower than that of the C8 and C9 acids. In microassays, less volatile methyl-branched alkanoic acids exhibited lower antifeedant activities than did the corresponding straight-chain ones. However, the most active of the methyl-branched acids, 2-methyldecanoic acid, had an activity similar to that of nonanoic acid. Compounds related to nonanoic acid were either active (1-nonanol), weakly active (nonanoic anhydride), or inactive (nonanal, sodium nonanoate). The anhydride was highly active in the microassay, but less active on twigs. The antifeedant effects of the straight chain (C8-C10) alkanoic acids against pine weevil feeding were tested in the field. In contrast to the results from the twig tests, the less volatile C10 acid was more active in the field for the protection of transplants on fresh clear cuts over a 3-month period than both the C8 and C9 acids. Phytotoxic effects of the alkanoic acids were observed both in the field and in laboratory studies. If a protective layer of paraffin was applied to the stem prior to application of the alkanoic acids, these undesired side effects were reduced.
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