| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Axelsson, I, et al.
(författare)
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[Recommendations for prevention of iron deficiency. Delay cow's milk intake as a beverage to infants until 10-12 months of age!]. : Rekommendationer för att förebygga järnbrist. Vänta med komjölk som dryck tills barnet är 10-12 månader!
- 1999
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 96:18, s. 2206-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast-feeding is to be encouraged during the first six months of life. Iron deficiency is extremely rare in exclusively breast-fed infants during this period. Any cow-milk based formula used should be iron-fortified. During the second half of infancy, the iron content of weaning foods is important in preventing iron deficiency. Indeed, owing to the low iron content of dairy products, it is hard to compose a weaning diet sufficiently rich in iron to meet the demands of rapidly growing infants, if it is to include substantial amounts of cow milk, sour milk or yoghurt. Accordingly, the Paediatric Committee on Nutrition and Health, of the Swedish Paediatric Association and the National Food Administration, recommend delaying the introduction of cow's milk and cow-milk products until the infant is 10-12 months of age. Until then, breast-feeding, and the use of iron-fortified formula or gruel with modified protein and sodium content are encouraged; iron-fortified porridges of softer consistency can be prepared to circumvent the need of extra fluids, or porridge can be served with breast milk or iron-fortified formula; small amounts of milk may be used for cooking purposes.
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| 4. |
- Axelsson, I, et al.
(författare)
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[The AD-drops can be replaced by D-drops]. : AD-dropparna kan ersättas med D-droppar
- 1999
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 96:18, s. 2200-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 1932, when vitamin A and D supplementation, in the form of cod liver oil, was introduced in Sweden, rickets has been a rare diagnosis among Swedish infants. In 1978, the National Board of Health and Welfare issued recommendations of daily supplementation with 300 micrograms (1000 IU) of vitamin A and 10 micrograms (400 IU) of vitamin D. This has recently been under review by the Paediatric Committee on Nutrition and Health, of the Swedish Paediatric Association and the National Food Administration, who concluded that there is no reason to retain vitamin A supplementation, but that vitamin D supplementation should continue to be recommended at the same daily dose (400 IU).
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| 5. |
- Becker, Wulf, et al.
(författare)
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Hög proteinhalt i svensk mat : en hälsorik?
- 1996
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 93:1-2, s. 37-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Proteininnehållet i svenskkost är relativt högt i förhållande till internationella rekommendationer. Höga proteinintaghos barn har satts i samband med ökad risk för övervikt. Hos vuxna har ett högt proteinintag,och därmed förhöjda homocysteinnivåer i serum, samtidigt med ett lågt intag av folacin förts fram som riskfaktorer förhjärt–kärlsjukdom. Det finns inga fördelar – men eventuellt nackdelar – med ett proteinintag över 15 energiprocent, eller1,5 g/kg kroppsvikt.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Brattby, LE, et al.
(författare)
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Validering av ungdomars kostintag
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition/Næringsforskning. - 1102-6480 .- 1651-2359. ; 42:1, s. 29-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Bratteby, L E, et al.
(författare)
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A 7-day activity diary for assessment of daily energy expenditure validated by the doubly labelled water method in adolescents.
- 1997
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 51:9, s. 585-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To validate the use of an activity diary and predicted BMR for assessment of daily total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL = TEE/BMR) in adolescents.DESIGN: TEE and PAL estimated from activity diary records kept for seven days and BMR predicted from age, gender and body weight were compared with the results of doubly labelled water (DLW) measurements and indirect calorimetry performed during the same time period.SETTING: The Unit of paediatric Physiology of the Department of Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.SUBJECTS: Fifty randomly selected 15 y old adolescents (25 boys and 25 girls).RESULTS: The mean difference between TEE estimated in all adolescents by the activity diary and by DLW methods was 1.2%. The limits of agreement (mean difference 2 s.d.) were -3.47 and 3.77 MD/d, equivalent to a coefficient of variation of 15%. The mean difference between PAL assessed by activity diary records and by DLW measurements was 0.001, and the limits of agreement between the two methods were 0.54.CONCLUSIONS: The results imply that the activity diary method provides a close estimate of TEE and PAL in population groups.
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| 9. |
- Bratteby, L E, et al.
(författare)
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Daily energy expenditure and physical activity assessed by an activity diary in 374 randomly selected 15-year-old adolescents.
- 1997
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 51:9, s. 592-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To assess the average daily levels of physical activity, energy expenditure and the time and energy spent a different activities in two cohorts of Swedish adolescents.DESIGN: Total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL = TEE/basal metabolic rate (BMR)) were estimated in 374 randomly selected healthy adolescents living with two different regions of Sweden on the basis of a seven-day activity diary (AD) and predicted BMR. A validation of the estimates from the AD with the doubly labelled water (DLW) method in a randomly selected subsample of 50 of these subjects is presented elsewhere.SETTING: The Unit of Paediatric of the Department of Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Uppsala and the Department of Paediatrics, Northern Alvsborg Hospital, Trollhättan, Sweden.RESULTS: No significant differences in TEE and PAL were found between the adolescents of the two regions. High levels of TEE (14.2 and 10.9 MJ/d in boys and girls, respectively) and PAL (1.95 and 1.80) were observed. There was a close association between the PAL and the adolescents and their reported time spent sitting. Those with the lowest PAL values spent 3-6 h longer each day sitting compared to those with the highest PAL values. The results also indicate that everyday activities such as walking and bicycling have a crucial impact on the PAL values.CONCLUSIONS: In the 15 y old adolescents of the two studied regions of Sweden, high and concordant levels of energy expenditure and physical activity were found.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bratteby, L E, et al.
(författare)
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Total energy expenditure and physical activity as assessed by the doubly labeled water method in Swedish adolescents in whom energy intake was underestimated by 7-d diet records.
- 1998
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 67:5, s. 905-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish children and adolescents may be adopting a sedentary lifestyle with low energy expenditures and intakes, but no quantitative data are available. The purpose of the present study in 50 adolescents aged 15 y was to investigate whether assessment of total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL) by the doubly labeled water method and indirect calorimetry and estimation of energy intake by a 7-d diet record would indicate physical inactivity. The boys' (n = 25) mean weight was 112% and the girls' (n = 25) was 109% of Swedish reference values from 1976; the mean height of both boys and girls was 102% of those reference values. Mean TEE in the boys and girls, 13.82 +/- 1.90 and 10.70 +/- 1.59 MJ/d, and mean PAL (TEE/basal metabolic rate), 1.89 +/- 0.16 and 1.79 +/- 0.22, respectively, were nonsignificantly higher than corresponding figures from other published studies. Mean energy intake as a percentage of TEE was 81.9 +/- 17.9% in the boys and 78.3 +/- 16.4% in the girls. Significant negative correlations were found both between energy intake as a percentage of TEE and percentage body fat and between energy intake as a percentage of TEE and body mass index. These results add to the evidence that 7-d diet records underestimate energy intake in adolescents, particularly those with a tendency for overweight and increased body fat. The results support indications of a trend of increasing body weight and height in Swedish adolescents, but conflict with the presumptions of low physical activity, low energy expenditure, and low energy intake. These results support the view that current recommendations for energy intake during adolescence are too low.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Hedgran, M, et al.
(författare)
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Barnundersökningen 1980-81
- 1991
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Ingår i: Vår föda. - 0042-2657. ; 43:1, s. 6-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Höglund, D, et al.
(författare)
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Food habits in Swedish adolescents in relation to socioeconomic conditions.
- 1998
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 52:11, s. 784-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe the food habits of Swedish adolescents 14-15 y of age. To analyse the connection between food habits and socioeconomic circumstances and background factors.DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey using a Food Frequency Questionnaire including questions on meal patterns.SETTING: The city of Göteborg and the County of Alvsborg, Sweden 1996.SUBJECTS: Pupils in the 8th grade in all schools in the city of Göteborg and the County of Alvsborg were in February 1996 invited to participate. The study comprised 7605 pupils. The drop-out rate was 14.4% (n = 1280).RESULTS: The adolescents had an infrequent consumption of vegetables and fruits and they had a daily consumption of sweets. Cereals, dairy products and snacks: buns, wafers, soft drinks, ice cream and potato crisps were consumed more than once a day. Thirty percent of the girls and 20% of the boys did not eat breakfast every day. The free school lunch was eaten daily by 50% of the boys and 30% of the girls, the remainder ate some type of snack. A negative correlation was found between smoking and the frequency of vegetable consumption. Pupils from areas with high socioeconomic status more often ate breakfast and lunch and the boys more often ate dinner compared to adolescents from areas with low socioeconomic status.CONCLUSIONS: An irregular meal pattern as well as snack consumption and smoking were common, especially among girls in areas with low socioeconomic status.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Lantz, H, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in whole body measurements by DXA-scanning using two Lunar DPX-L machines
- 1999
-
Ingår i: International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565. ; 23:7, s. 764-70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare bone mineral and body composition results of two dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) instruments from the same manufacturer.SETTINGS: The Medical departments of Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.DESIGN: Unique aluminium spine phantoms (Phant A and B) delivered with each DXA machine (DXA-A and DXA-B) were cross-checked on the other machine by using the 'AP spine mode'. Eight adolescents were examined on both instruments within 5 h to ascertain total body variables by using standard, as well as extended, modes of analysis. All these double-examinations were undertaken on two occasions, before and after exchange of a detector on the DXA-B.SUBJECTS: Four males and four females aged 15.4-19.2 y with normal body weights, were examined on both occasions. On each occasion, the first examination was performed in Göteborg on four individuals and in Uppsala on four individuals.RESULTS: On the first occasion the phantom measurements resulted in much lower bone mineral density (BMD) values on the DXA-B than on the DXA-A. Later it was detected that a so-called R-value and the corresponding '%-fat' value were out of range on the DXA-B. After exchange of detector, the difference in phantom BMD-values between the two machines had diminished. On the first occasion in vivo BMD values were lowest on the DXA-B (P < 0.01), while on the second occasion they were significantly lower on the DXA-A (P < 0.05). Soft tissue differences were greater after detector exchange and as compared to DXA-A, DXA-B underestimated body fat by 3.5 kg (13.2 vs 9.7 kg, P < 0.001) and overestimated lean tissue mass by 3.8 kg (47.1 vs 50.9 kg, P < 0.001) on the second occasion.CONCLUSIONS: The differences in results between two apparently identical Lunar DPX-L machines were not acceptable. In multicenter studies, it may be necessary to standardise results of participating machines into results of one machine by means of regression equations obtained by examining subsamples of individuals on one master machine and other participating instruments.
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| 24. |
- Lötborn, M, et al.
(författare)
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Whole-body bone mineral measurements in 15-year-old Swedish adolescents.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 9:2, s. 106-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone mineral area (BA), total bone mineral content (TBMC) and total bone mineral density (TBMD) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 396 randomly selected, healthy 15-year-old Swedish boys and girls. The influence of body size, pubertal development, physical activity level (PAL), total energy expenditure (TEE), dietary intake of energy, calcium and vitamin D, and alcohol and smoking habits on TBMC and TBMD were examined in bi- and multivariate analyses. In bivariate analyses BA, TBMC and TBMD showed strong correlations with weight, height and TEE in both sexes. In boys but not in girls these bone variables were significantly correlated with dietary intakes of energy, calcium and vitamin D. No significant correlations were found between PAL and the three bone variables. In multivariate analyses with TBMC as dependent variable BA, height, weight and Tanner stages explained 88% and 87% of the variance in boys and girls respectively. In similar analyses with TBMD as dependent variable the corresponding figures were 50% and 54%. The major part of the variance in all these models was explained by BA, and only a few percent by all the other independent variables. No significant reduction was found when TEE or daily intakes of calcium or vitamin D were introduced into the models. These results illustrate the importance of including BA, weight and height as independent variables in regression models of TBMC to avoid spurious associations with other variables in the analyses. The results may also indicate that in normal Swedish adolescents environmental factors such as dietary intake of nutrients play a minor role as determinants of bone mineralization. High levels of physical activity and bone mineral measures possibly explain the lack of significant correlations between these variables and do not imply a lack of association.
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| 25. |
- Michaelsen, K F, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal study of iron status in healthy Danish infants : effects of early iron status, growth velocity and dietary factors.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 84:9, s. 1035-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a cohort of term infants (n=91), followed from birth to 12 months, iron intake was examined by 24-h food records, and iron status by blood samples (haemoglobin (Hb)), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum values for iron, ferritin and transferrin, and erythrocyte protoporphyrin) at 2, 6 and 9 months. At 9 months of age, 5% had anaemia (Hb<105 g/l), but none had developed iron deficiency according to strict definitions used in this study (serum ferritin < 13 micrograms/l and transferrin saturation < 10%). Infants with high serum ferritin, serum transferrin and erythrocyte protoporphyrin values at one blood sampling also had high values at the following sample (tracking, r=0.45-0.80), suggesting that iron stores at delivery are an important determinant of iron stores during late infancy. Factors related to changes in serum ferritin were investigated by multiple linear regression. From 2 to 6 months, serum ferritin was negatively associated with knee-heel growth velocity (p=0.006) and positively with intake of infant formula (p=0.04). From 6 to 9 months it was negatively associated with intake of bread (p=0.001), and there was a trend for a positive association with intake of meat (p=0.07) and fish (p=0.08) and for a negative association with intake of cow's milk (p=0.07). In conclusion, those with a high growth velocity and a dietary pattern with a high intake of bread and a low intake of meat and fish had lower ferritin values and thereby an increased risk of depleting their iron stores later during infancy.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Michaelsen, K F, et al.
(författare)
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Serum bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein in a longitudinal study of infants : lower values in formula-fed infants.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 31:4 Pt 1, s. 401-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein [BGP (osteocalcin)] is a protein synthesized by osteoblasts and incorporated in the bone matrix. Serum BGP is a sensitive marker of bone formation, and it parallels the growth velocity curve during childhood and adolescence. Serum BGP was measured at the age of 2, 6, and 9 mo in a cohort study of nutrition and growth in 91 healthy infants. At 2 mo, the mean BGP value (+/- SD) was 275 +/- 87 ng/mL in infants exclusively breast-fed, and 80 +/- 44 ng/mL in formula-fed infants. At 6 mo, the values were 142 +/- 58 ng/mL and 55 +/- 30 ng/mL, and at 9 mo 75 +/- 39 ng/mL and 45 +/- 19 ng/mL in partially breast-fed and formula-fed infants, respectively. The differences were significant (p less than 0.001) at all three ages. At 2 and 9 mo, breast-milk intake was measured by test-weighing. Serum BGP was positively correlated to breast milk intake (mL/kg body wt) at 2 mo (r = 0.59, p less than 0.001) and 9 mo (r = 0.41, p = 0.06). When breast-feeding was stopped, the high BGP concentrations were not sustained. There were no significant differences in linear growth velocity between breast-fed and formula-fed infants and no correlation between BGP values and linear growth velocity. We speculate that either a factor in human milk or the level of minerals in human milk causes the high BGP values. Moreover, if the higher values are associated with increased osteoblast activity, then the remodeling or the mineralization of bone might be different in infants not being breast-fed.
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| 28. |
- Michaelsen, K F, et al.
(författare)
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Serum bone Gla Protein (BGP, Osteocalcin) in Infants : Values Positively Correlated with Human Milk Intake.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Mechanisms Regulating Lactation and Infant Nutrient Utilization. - : Wiley-Liss. - 0471561347 ; , s. 419-423
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein [BGP (osteocalcin)] is a protein synthesized by osteoblasts and incorporated in the bone matrix. Serum BGP is a sensitive marker of bone formation, and it parallels the growth velocity curve during childhood and adolescence. Serum BGP was measured at the age of 2, 6, and 9 mo in a cohort study of nutrition and growth in 91 healthy infants. At 2 mo, the mean BGP value (+/- SD) was 275 +/- 87 ng/mL in infants exclusively breast-fed, and 80 +/- 44 ng/mL in formula-fed infants. At 6 mo, the values were 142 +/- 58 ng/mL and 55 +/- 30 ng/mL, and at 9 mo 75 +/- 39 ng/mL and 45 +/- 19 ng/mL in partially breast-fed and formula-fed infants, respectively. The differences were significant (p less than 0.001) at all three ages. At 2 and 9 mo, breast-milk intake was measured by test-weighing. Serum BGP was positively correlated to breast milk intake (mL/kg body wt) at 2 mo (r = 0.59, p less than 0.001) and 9 mo (r = 0.41, p = 0.06). When breast-feeding was stopped, the high BGP concentrations were not sustained. There were no significant differences in linear growth velocity between breast-fed and formula-fed infants and no correlation between BGP values and linear growth velocity. We speculate that either a factor in human milk or the level of minerals in human milk causes the high BGP values. Moreover, if the higher values are associated with increased osteoblast activity, then the remodeling or the mineralization of bone might be different in infants not being breast-fed.
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| 29. |
- Michaelsen, K F, et al.
(författare)
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The Copenhagen cohort study on infant nutrition and growth : duration of breast feeding and influencing factors.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 83:6, s. 565-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Duration of breast feeding was studied in 249 randomly chosen, healthy, term infants of Danish origin of which 80.7% participated. Breast feeding was initiated by 99.5% of the mothers. At 3, 6 and 9 months, 71%, 52% and 33%, respectively, were still breast feeding. Only 1 infant (0.5%) was exclusively breast fed beyond 7 months of age. In a Cox multiple regression analysis of factors influencing duration of breast feeding, we found a positive association with maternal education (p < 0.001) and age (p = 0.02) and a negative association with the amount of formula given at the maternity ward (p < 0.001). Six months after delivery, 79% of the mothers with higher school education (> or = 12 years) were still breast feeding, compared to 29% with a low school education (< or = 9 years). There is still a need for an increased effort to support mothers in breast feeding, focusing particularly on younger mothers with short school education. Formula supplements during the first days of life, given to 73% of the infants, were associated with a shorter duration of breast feeding and should be discouraged.
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| 30. |
- Michaelsen, K F, et al.
(författare)
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The Copenhagen Cohort Study on Infant Nutrition and Growth : breast-milk intake, human milk macronutrient content, and influencing factors.
- 1994
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 59:3, s. 600-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 91 healthy term infants breast-milk intake was measured at 2, 4, and 9 mo by test weighing and human milk macronutrient content by infrared analysis every 2-4 wk. In infants exclusively breast-fed, mean milk intake was 781 and 855 mL/24 h at 2 and 4 mo, respectively, and correlated positively with the current weight of the infant and negatively with the amount of formula supplement given at the maternity ward. Median daily energy intake was considerably below current recommendations (423 and 381 kJ/kg body wt at 2 and 4 mo, respectively). Protein concentration in the milk was approximately 8% higher in primipara. Median daily protein intake was 1.3 and 1.0 g/kg body wt at 2 and 4 mo, respectively. Median fat concentration was 39.2 g/L and was positively associated with pregnancy weight gain. This supports the hypothesis that maternal fat stores laid down during pregnancy are easier to mobilize during lactation than are other fat stores and, if low, may limit milk fat when exhausted.
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| 31. |
- Michaelsen, K F, et al.
(författare)
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Zinc intake, zinc status and growth in a longitudinal study of healthy Danish infants.
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 83:11, s. 1115-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mild, growth-limiting zinc deficiency might be prevalent in otherwise healthy infants according to recent studies. We examined zinc intake and status in 91 healthy term infants from birth to 12 months, as part of the Copenhagen Cohort Study on Infant Nutrition and Growth. Zinc intake was recorded monthly and the amount of zinc absorbed was estimated. These estimates were below recently published FAO/WHO/IAEA values for basal requirements in 68%, 62% and 14% of the infants at 2, 4 and 9 months of age, respectively. Serum zinc decreased significantly (p < 0.01) from 10.6 mumol/l at 6 months to 8.4 mumol/l at 9 months of age (normal range 10-18 mumol/l). Erythrocyte metallothionein values, a tentative indicator of long-term zinc status, decreased significantly from 2 to 6 months (p < 0.001) and from 6 to 9 months (p < 0.01). Serum zinc at 9 months was positively associated with growth velocity during the period from 6 to 9 months (weight: p = 0.05; knee-heel length: p = 0.002). The results provide descriptive data on zinc intake and zinc status in healthy Danish infants. Although some of our data suggest suboptimal zinc status during late infancy, evidence for this can only be obtained through a randomized intervention study.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Samuelson, Gösta, 1930-
(författare)
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Barnets mat : den vuxnes hälsa
- 1991
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Ingår i: Vår näring. - 0042-2681. ; :1, s. 8-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 34. |
- Samuelson, Gösta, 1930-, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary iron intake and iron status in adolescents
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 85:9, s. 1033-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary iron intake of 15-year-old adolescents from two different regions of Sweden, in relation to their iron status. The study comprised 185 boys and 209 girls, randomly selected from the official population register. The iron intake was calculated from a 7-day record, and varied between 7 and 35 and 6 and 27 mg per day for boys and girls, respectively. The daily median intakes in boys and girls were 18.7 and 14.2 mg, respectively. S-ferritin, s-iron, and s-transferrin saturation, measured in all the subjects, did not differ significantly between the two regions. However, the mean serum ferritin concentration was significantly higher in the boys (36.4 micrograms l-1) than in the girls (29.4 micrograms l-1) (p < 0.001). Low s-ferritin levels, defined as s-ferritin < 12 micrograms l-1 were found in seven boys (3.7%) and in 29 girls (13.9%). None of the adolescents had iron deficiency anaemia, defined as Hb < 110 gl-1 in combination with s-ferritin < 12 micrograms l-1. Regression and correlation analyses did not show any significant correlation between dietary iron intake and s-ferritin, or between s-ferritin and haemoglobin (Hb), MCH and MCHC. A significant correlation was found, however, between s-ferritin and transferrin saturation (p < 0.005) in both sexes. When the adolescents who still had s-ferritin < 12 micrograms l-1 at a second blood examination were given a 6 weeks trial with oral iron therapy, all of them showed an increase both in s-ferritin and in blood Hb. The 95% confidence intervals of s-ferritin for 15-year-old Swedish boys and girls were defined as 11-90 and 7-85 micrograms l-1, respectively.
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| 35. |
- Samuelson, Gösta, 1930-, et al.
(författare)
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Food habits and energy and nutrient intake in Swedish adolescents approaching the year 2000.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. Supplement. - 0803-5326. ; :415, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1993-94 a nutritional survey of 15-year-old adolescents was carried out in Uppsala, a university city in eastern Sweden, and in Trollhättan, an industrial town in the western part of the country. The study was the beginning of a longitudinal nutritional survey of 193 boys and 218 girls randomly selected from the official population register. The dietary methods used were a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a combined estimated and weighed 7-day dietary record. According to the FFQ both boys and girls consumed cereals, butter or margarine and something from the group meat/fish/eggs every day. Milk, milk products, sweets and snacks were consumed more than once per day. Vegetables and fruit/roots were consumed less often. There was relatively good correlation between the FFQ and the 7-day record results. The mean daily energy intakes of the 15-year-old boys and girls were 10.2 and 8.3 MJ, respectively, in Uppsala, and 9.8 and 7.4 MJ in Trollhättan. The mean daily intakes of sucrose were 74 and 58 g in boys and 64 and 52 g in girls. The average daily dietary fibre intake was 1.8 g/MJ. The daily intake of energy obtained from breakfast was 18% on weekdays and 22% on weekends; 18 and 11% from prepared lunch; 24 and 30% from dinner, 21 and 14% from light meals; and 16 and 28% from snacks, in Uppsala and Trollhättan respectively. The lowest energy intake from a prepared lunch meal was noted during weekends. On both weekdays and weekends, considerable energy was obtained from light meals and snacks. However, nearly 40% of the girls and 28% of the boys had an energy intake from fat of < 30 energy%. The mean intakes of vitamin D and selenium and, in the case of girls, iron and zinc, were below the official Swedish Nutrition Recommendations. The daily median intake of iron was 18.7 mg in boys and 14.1 mg in girls. The iron intakes varied between 6 and 35 mg per day. Low serum ferritin concentrations, defined as s-ferritin < 12 micrograms/L, were found in 7 boys (3.7% and in 29 girls (13.9%). Significant negative correlations were found between smoking and frequency of consumption of vegetables, roots, fruits and meat. A negative correlation was also found between smoking and the intake of energy and a number of nutrients. Socioeconomic factors seem to be less important for the food habits of teenagers than for those noted during childhood. Only frequent consumption of vegetables was positively correlated to the mothers' educational level.
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- Samuelson, Gösta, 1930-
(författare)
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Nutritional science in the next millennium
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition/Næringsforskning. - 1102-6480 .- 1651-2359. ; 43:3, s. 97-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Samuelson, Gösta, 1930-
(författare)
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Skolbarnen och maten
- 1995
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Ingår i: Skolhälsovård. - 1102-3112. ; :3, s. 1-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 43. |
- Samuelson, Gösta, 1930-
(författare)
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Tidig programmering för sjukdomar
- 1994
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition/Næringsforskning. - 1102-6480 .- 1651-2359. ; :1, s. 45-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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