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| 5. |
- Jonsdottir, Berglind, et al.
(författare)
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Thyroid autoimmunity in relation to islet autoantibodies and HLA-DQ genotype in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents
- 2013
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 56:8, s. 1735-1742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this work was to investigate, in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: (1) the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TGAb); and (2) the association between TPOAb, TGAb or both, with either islet autoantibodies or HLA-DQ genes. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanBlood samples from 2,433 children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were analysed for TPOAb and TGAb in addition to autoantibodies against arginine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8RA), tryptophan zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8WA), glutamine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8QA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulin (IAA), insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA-2A), HLA-DQA-B1 genotypes, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanAt type 1 diabetes diagnosis, 12% of the children had thyroid autoantibodies (60% were girls; p andlt; 0.0001). GADA was positively associated with TPOAb (p andlt; 0.001) and with TGAb (p andlt; 0.001). In addition, ZnT8A was associated with both TPOAb (p = 0.039) and TGAb (p = 0.015). DQB1*05:01 in any genotype was negatively associated with TPOAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37, 0.83, p value corrected for multiple comparisons (p (c)) = 0.012) and possibly with TGAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35, 0.87, p (c) = 0.07). Thyroid autoimmunity in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes was rarely (0.45%) associated with onset of clinical thyroid disease based on TSH and free T4. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanGADA and ZnT8A increased the risk for thyroid autoimmunity at the time of clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, while HLA-DQB1*05:01 reduced the risk. However, the associations between thyroid autoimmunity and HLA-DQ genotype were weak and did not fully explain the co-occurrence of islet and thyroid autoimmunity.
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| 6. |
- Scheutz, C., et al.
(författare)
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Mitigation of methane emission from an old unlined landfill in Klintholm, Denmark using a passive biocover system
- 2014
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 34:7, s. 1179-1190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methane generated at landfills contributes to global warming and can be mitigated by biocover systems relying on microbial methane oxidation. As part of a closure plan for an old unlined landfill without any gas management measures, an innovative biocover system was established. The system was designed based on a conceptual model of the gas emission patterns established through an initial baseline study. The study included construction of gas collection trenches along the slopes of the landfill where the majority of the methane emissions occurred. Local compost materials were tested as to their usefulness as bioactive methane oxidizing material and a suitable compost mixture was selected. Whole site methane emission quantifications based on combined tracer release and downwind measurements in combination with several local experimental activities (gas composition within biocover layers, flux chamber based emission measurements and logging of compost temperatures) proved that the biocover system had an average mitigation efficiency of approximately 80%. The study showed that the system also had a high efficiency during winter periods with temperatures below freezing. An economic analysis indicated that the mitigation costs of the biocover system were competitive to other existing greenhouse gas mitigation options. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Simmen, K. A., et al.
(författare)
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Macrocylic inhibitors of hepatitis C virus
- 2012
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Inhibitors of HCV replication of formula (I)and the N-oxides, salts, and stereoisomers, whereineach dashed line represents an optional double bond;X is N, CH and where X bears a double bond it is C;R1 is —OR7, —NH—SO2R8;R2 is hydrogen, and where X is C or CH, R2 may also be C1-6alkyl;R3 is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxyC1-6alkyl, C3-7cycloalkyl;R4 is aryl or Het; n is 3, 4, 5, or 6;R5 is halo, C1-6alkyl, hydroxy, C1-6alkoxy, phenyl, or Het;R6 is C1-6alkoxy, or dimethylamino;R7 is hydrogen; aryl; Het; C3-7cycloalkyl optionally substituted with C1-6alkyl; or C1-6alkyl optionally substituted with C3-7cycloalkyl, aryl or with Het;R8 is aryl; Het; C3-7cycloalkyl optionally substituted with C1-6alkyl; or C1-6alkyl optionally substituted with C3-7cycloalkyl, aryl or with Het;aryl is phenyl optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents;Het is a 5 or 6 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and being optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents;pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds (I) and processes for preparing compounds (I). Bioavailable combinations of the inhibitors of HCV of formula (I) with ritonavir are also provided.
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| 8. |
- van Eck, C. F., et al.
(författare)
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"Anatomic" anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review of surgical techniques and reporting of surgical data
- 2010
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Ingår i: Arthroscopy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1526-3231. ; 26:9 Suppl
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate studies published on anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. METHODS: A systematic electronic search was performed by use of the Medline and Embase databases. Studies that were published from January 1995 to April 2009 were included. The selection criteria were studies that reported on a surgical technique for "anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction" on skeletally mature living human subjects and were written in English. Data collected and analyzed included a variety of surgical data. Tables were created to provide an overview of surgical techniques for anatomic ACL reconstruction. RESULTS: Seventy-four studies were included in this review. Some surgical factors were adequately reported in the majority of the articles: visualizing the native ACL insertion sites, placing the tunnels in the footprint, graft type, and fixation method. However; ACL insertion site measurement, femoral intercondylar notch measurement, individualization of surgery, and intraoperative/postoperative imaging were poorly reported. The most variety was seen in knee flexion angle during femoral tunnel drilling and tensioning pattern of the grafts. CONCLUSIONS: For most surgical data, there was a gross under-reporting of specific operative technique data. We believe that the details of an "anatomic" operative technique are crucial for the valid interpretations of the outcomes. Thus we encourage authors to report their surgical technique in a specific and standardized fashion.
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| 9. |
- Ahldén, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Rotatory knee laxity.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinics in sports medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1556-228X .- 0278-5919. ; 32:1, s. 37-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evaluation of injured-knee laxity is essential for treatment selection, clinical follow-up, and research. Interest in rotatory knee laxity increased with implementation of anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The pivot shift test represents a link between static testing with 1° of freedom and dynamic testing during functional activity. Difficulties lie in standardizing the performance of the pivot shift test and extracting measurable and relevant kinematic data. Noninvasive methodologies based on electromagnetic or acceleration sensors can evaluate the pivot shift in a quantitative and reliable manner. Further validation and reliability testing of devices for examination of rotatory laxity is warranted.
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| 10. |
- Andersen, J. K., et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Windrow Composting of Garden Waste
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Quality. - : Wiley. - 0047-2425. ; 39:2, s. 713-724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbial degradation of organic wastes entails the production of various gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon monoxide (CO). Some of these gases are classified as greenhouse gases (GHGs), thus contributing to climate change. A study was performed to evaluate three methods for quantifying GHG emissions from central composting of garden waste. Two small-scale methods were used at a windrow composting facility: a static flux chamber method and a funnel method. Mass balance calculations based on measurements of the C content in the in- and out-going material showed that 91 to 94% of the C could not be accounted for using the small-scale methods, thereby indicating that these methods significantly underestimate GHG emissions. A dynamic plume method (total emission method) employing Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy was found to give a more accurate estimate of the GHG emissions, with CO2 emissions measured to be 127 +/- 15% of the degraded C. Additionally, with this method, 2.7 +/- 0.6% and 0.34 +/- 0.16% of the degraded C was determined to be emitted as CH4 and CO. In this study, the dynamic plume method was a more effective tool for accounting for C losses and, therefore, we believe that the method is Suitable for measuring GHG emissions from composting facilities. The total emissions were found to be 2.4 +/- 0.5 kg CH4-C Mg-1 wet waste (ww) and 0.06 +/- 0.03 kg N2O-N Mg-1 ww from a facility treating 15,540 Mg of garden waste yr(-1), or 111 +/- 30 kg CO2-equivalents Mg-1 ww.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, C, et al.
(författare)
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Triple specificity of ZnT8 autoantibodies in relation to HLA and other islet autoantibodies in childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 14:2, s. 97-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Andersson C, Vaziri-Sani F, Delli AJ, Lindblad B, Carlsson A, Forsander G, Ludvigsson J, Marcus C, Samuelsson U, Ivarsson SA, Lernmark A, Elding Larsson H, the BDD Study group. Triple specificity of ZnT8 autoantibodies in relation to HLA and other islet autoantibodies in childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes 2013: 14: 97-105. Objective To establish the diagnostic sensitivity of and the relationships between autoantibodies to all three Zinc transporter 8 (Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody to either one, two, or all three amino acid variants at position 325, ZnT8A) variants to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ and to autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2A), and insulin (IAA). Methods We analyzed 3165 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the Better Diabetes Diagnosis study for HLA-DQ genotypes and all six autoantibodies (ZnT8RA, arginine 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody; ZnT8WA, tryptophan 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody; ZnT8QA, glutamine 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody; GADA, IA-2A, and IAA). Results ZnT8A was found in 65% of the patients and as many as 108 of 3165 (3.4%) had 13 ZnT8A alone. None had ZnT8QA alone. Together with GADA (56%), IA-2A (73%), and IAA (33%), 93% of the T1D patients were autoantibody positive. All three ZnT8A were less frequent in children below 2 yr of age (pandlt;0.0001). All three ZnT8A were associated with DQA1-B1*X-0604 (DQ6.4) and DQA1-B1*03-0302 (DQ8). ZnT8WA and ZnT8QA were negatively associated with DQA1-B1*05-02 (DQ2). Conclusions Analysis of ZnT8A increased the diagnostic sensitivity of islet autoantibodies for T1D as only 7% remained islet autoantibody negative. The association between DQ6.4 and all three ZnT8A may be related to ZnT8 antigen presentation by the DQ6.4 heterodimer.
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| 12. |
- Bateman, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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RNAcentral: A vision for an international database of RNA sequences.
- 2011
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Ingår i: RNA (New York, N.Y.). - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1469-9001 .- 1355-8382. ; 17:11, s. 1941-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decade there has been a great increase in the number of noncoding RNA genes identified, including new classes such as microRNAs and piRNAs. There is also a large growth in the amount of experimental characterization of these RNA components. Despite this growth in information, it is still difficult for researchers to access RNA data, because key data resources for noncoding RNAs have not yet been created. The most pressing omission is the lack of a comprehensive RNA sequence database, much like UniProt, which provides a comprehensive set of protein knowledge. In this article we propose the creation of a new open public resource that we term RNAcentral, which will contain a comprehensive collection of RNA sequences and fill an important gap in the provision of biomedical databases. We envision RNA researchers from all over the world joining a federated RNAcentral network, contributing specialized knowledge and databases. RNAcentral would centralize key data that are currently held across a variety of databases, allowing researchers instant access to a single, unified resource. This resource would facilitate the next generation of RNA research and help drive further discoveries, including those that improve food production and human and animal health. We encourage additional RNA database resources and research groups to join this effort. We aim to obtain international network funding to further this endeavor.
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| 13. |
- Cornelissen, Gerard, et al.
(författare)
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Remediation of Contaminated Marine Sediment Using Thin-Layer Capping with Activated Carbon-A Field Experiment in Trondheim Harbor, Norway
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 45:14, s. 6110-6116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In situ amendment of contaminated sediments using activated carbon (AC) is a recent remediation technique, where the strong sorption of contaminants to added AC reduces their release from sediments and uptake into organisms. The current study describes a marine underwater field pilot study in Trondheim harbor, Norway, in which powdered AC alone or in combination with sand or clay was tested as a thin-layer capping material for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated sediment. Several novel elements were included, such as measuring PAH fluxes, no active mixing of AC into the sediment, and the testing of new manners of placing a thin AC cap on sediment, such as AC+clay and AC+sand combinations. Innovative chemical and biological monitoring methods were deployed to test capping effectiveness. In situ sediment-to-water PAH fluxes were measured using recently developed benthic flux chambers. Compared to the reference field, AC capping reduced fluxes by a factor of 2-10. Pore water PAH concentration profiles were measured in situ using anew passive sampler technique, and yielded a reduction factor of 2-3 compared to the reference field. The benthic macrofauna composition and biodiversity were affected by the AC amendments, AC + clay having a lower impact on the benthic taxa than AC-only or AC + sand. In addition, AC + clay gave the highest AC recoveries (60% vs 30% for AC-only and AC + sand) and strongest reductions in sediment-to-water PAH fluxes and porewater concentrations. Thus, application of an AC-clay mixture is recommended as the optimal choice of the currently tested thin-layer capping methods for PAHs, and more research on optimizing its implementation is needed.
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| 15. |
- Desai, Neel, et al.
(författare)
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Anatomic single- versus double-bundle ACL reconstruction: a meta-analysis.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-7347. ; 22:5, s. 1009-1023
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine whether anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction compared to anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction more effectively restored antero-posterior (A-P) laxity, rotatory laxity and reduced frequency of graft rupture. Our hypothesis was that anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction results in superior rotational knee laxity and fewer graft ruptures due to its double-bundle tension pattern, compared with anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction.
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| 17. |
- Dupont, Chris L., et al.
(författare)
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Functional Tradeoffs Underpin Salinity-Driven Divergence in Microbial Community Composition
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:2, s. e89549-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterial community composition and functional potential change subtly across gradients in the surface ocean. In contrast, while there are significant phylogenetic divergences between communities from freshwater and marine habitats, the underlying mechanisms to this phylogenetic structuring yet remain unknown. We hypothesized that the functional potential of natural bacterial communities is linked to this striking divide between microbiomes. To test this hypothesis, metagenomic sequencing of microbial communities along a 1,800 km transect in the Baltic Sea area, encompassing a continuous natural salinity gradient from limnic to fully marine conditions, was explored. Multivariate statistical analyses showed that salinity is the main determinant of dramatic changes in microbial community composition, but also of large scale changes in core metabolic functions of bacteria. Strikingly, genetically and metabolically different pathways for key metabolic processes, such as respiration, biosynthesis of quinones and isoprenoids, glycolysis and osmolyte transport, were differentially abundant at high and low salinities. These shifts in functional capacities were observed at multiple taxonomic levels and within dominant bacterial phyla, while bacteria, such as SAR11, were able to adapt to the entire salinity gradient. We propose that the large differences in central metabolism required at high and low salinities dictate the striking divide between freshwater and marine microbiomes, and that the ability to inhabit different salinity regimes evolved early during bacterial phylogenetic differentiation. These findings significantly advance our understanding of microbial distributions and stress the need to incorporate salinity in future climate change models that predict increased levels of precipitation and a reduction in salinity.
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| 20. |
- Ericsson, J., et al.
(författare)
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The lamprey provides a vertebrate blueprint of the mammalian basal ganglia
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei that play a prominent role in motor function in mammals as well as in lamprey. The aim of the present study was to characterize the different components of the lamprey basal ganglia, and determine to what extent they correspond to those found in the mammalian basal ganglia. Anatomical tract tracing, immunohistochemistry and acute brain slice patch clamp recordings were employed to address this question.Two pallidal regions were identified in the lamprey; one region, considered homologous to the mammalian globus pallidus, was located ventral to the ementia thalami on the telencephalic/diencephalic border. It receives striatal input from inwardly rectifying neurons (IRNs) and contains GABAergic projection neurons, of which those projecting to the tectum were shown to be tonically active. It also contains neurons immunoreactive for parvalbumin. Separate subpopulations of pallidal neurons project to the optic tectum, the diencephalic and mesencephalic locomotor regions (MLR).Another region, in the midbrain, considered homologous to the substantia nigra pars reticulata receives input from a different subset of IRNs and sends GABAergic projections to the tectum and the diencephalic locomotor region. This midbrain region also contains parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons. The main population of striatal neurons, IRNs, displays the anatomical and electrophysiological hallmarks of mammalian medium spiny neurons, including inward rectification and ramping responses to first spike. It also contains neurons with properties similar to fast-spiking neurons. The striatum receives pallial and thalamic input as well as ascending dopaminergic, serotonergic and histaminergic inputs, similar to that in mammals.Our results suggest that the basic features of the basal ganglia with regard to both structure and function are conserved throughout the vertebrate phylogeny, including striatal/pallidal subdivisions.
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| 25. |
- Heijtza, RD, et al.
(författare)
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Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 108:7, s. 3047-3052
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbial colonization of mammals is an evolution-driven process that modulate host physiology, many of which are associated with immunity and nutrient intake. Here, we report that colonization by gut microbiota impacts mammalian brain development and subsequent adult behavior. Using measures of motor activity and anxiety-like behavior, we demonstrate that germ free (GF) mice display increased motor activity and reduced anxiety, compared with specific pathogen free (SPF) mice with a normal gut microbiota. This behavioral phenotype is associated with altered expression of genes known to be involved in second messenger pathways and synaptic long-term potentiation in brain regions implicated in motor control and anxiety-like behavior. GF mice exposed to gut microbiota early in life display similar characteristics as SPF mice, including reduced expression of PSD-95 and synaptophysin in the striatum. Hence, our results suggest that the microbial colonization process initiates signaling mechanisms that affect neuronal circuits involved in motor control and anxiety behavior.
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| 26. |
- Ho-Quang, Truong, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic classification of UML Class diagrams from images
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21st Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, APSEC 2014. - 1530-1362. - 9781479974252
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- - Graphical modelling of various aspects of software and systems is a common part of software development. UML is the de-facto standard for various types of software models. To be able to research UML, academia needs to have a corpus of UML models. For building such a database, an automated system that has the ability to classify UML class diagram images would be very beneficial, since a large portion of UML class diagrams (UML CDs) is available as images on the Internet. In this study, we propose 23 image-features and investigate the use of these features for the purpose of classifying UML CD images. We analyse the performance of the features and assess their contribution based on their Information Gain Attribute Evaluation scores. We study specificity and sensitivity scores of six classification algorithms on a set of 1300 images. We found that 19 out of 23 introduced features can be considered as influential predictors for classifying UML CD images. Through the six algorithms, the prediction rate achieves nearly 96% correctness for UML-CD and 91% of correctness for non-UML CD.
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| 27. |
- Hoshino, Yuichi, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative evaluation of the pivot shift by image analysis using the iPad.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-7347. ; 21:4, s. 975-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To enable comparison of test results, a widely available measurement system for the pivot shift test is needed. Simple image analysis of lateral knee joint translation is one such system that can be installed on a prevalent computer tablet (e.g. iPad). The purpose of this study was to test a novel iPad application to detect the pivot shift. It was hypothesized that the abnormal lateral translation in ACL deficient knees would be detected by the iPad application.
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| 28. |
- Karlsson, Jón, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Anatomic Single- and Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Part 2: Clinical Application of Surgical Technique.
- 2011
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Ingår i: The American journal of sports medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-3365 .- 0363-5465.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The anterior cruciate ligament has been and is of great interest to scientists and orthopaedic surgeons worldwide. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was initially performed using an open approach. When the approach changed from open to arthroscopic reconstruction, a 2- and, later, 1-incision technique was applied. With time, researchers found that traditional arthroscopic single-bundle reconstruction did not fully restore rotational stability of the knee joint and a more anatomic approach to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament has been proposed. Anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction intends to replicate normal anatomy, restore normal kinematics, and protect long-term knee health. Although double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has been shown to result in better rotational stability in both biomechanical and clinical studies, it is vital to differentiate between anatomic and double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The latter is merely a step closer to reproducing the native anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament; however, it can still be done nonanatomically. To evaluate the potential benefits of reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament in an anatomic fashion, accurate, precise, and reliable outcome measures are needed. These include, for example, T2 magnetic resonance imaging mapping of cartilage and quantification of graft healing on magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, there is a need for a consensus on which patient-reported outcome measures should be used to facilitate homogeneous reporting of outcomes.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Ludvigsson, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
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GAD65 antigen therapy in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus
- 2012
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 366:5, s. 433-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The 65-kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that alum-formulated GAD65 (GAD-alum) can preserve beta-cell function in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes.METHODS: We studied 334 patients, 10 to 20 years of age, with type 1 diabetes, fasting C-peptide levels of more than 0.3 ng per milliliter (0.1 nmol per liter), and detectable serum GAD65 autoantibodies. Within 3 months after diagnosis, patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three study treatments: four doses of GAD-alum, two doses of GAD-alum followed by two doses of placebo, or four doses of placebo. The primary outcome was the change in the stimulated serum C-peptide level (after a mixed-meal tolerance test) between the baseline visit and the 15-month visit. Secondary outcomes included the glycated hemoglobin level, mean daily insulin dose, rate of hypoglycemia, and fasting and maximum stimulated C-peptide levels.RESULTS: The stimulated C-peptide level declined to a similar degree in all study groups, and the primary outcome at 15 months did not differ significantly between the combined active-drug groups and the placebo group (P=0.10). The use of GAD-alum as compared with placebo did not affect the insulin dose, glycated hemoglobin level, or hypoglycemia rate. Adverse events were infrequent and mild in the three groups, with no significant differences.CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with GAD-alum did not significantly reduce the loss of stimulated C peptide or improve clinical outcomes over a 15-month period.
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| 31. |
- Mostaghel, Sina, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated recycling at Boliden's Rönnskär Smelter; formation of slag products
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Smelting Technology Symposium. - : Wiley-TMS. - 9781118291160 ; , s. 117-124
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rönnskär Smelter of Boliden Mineral AB, Sweden, is a large end-processor of secondary raw materials and waste, including electronic scrap. Electronic scrap may introduce various impurities to the smelter's flow-sheet, among which alumina is a common and significant one. This article summarizes the results of an ongoing research at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden, to study the influences of alumina on different properties of slag from the zinc filming process at Rönnskär smelter. A combination of different experimental techniques and thermodynamic calculations have been used to investigate properties such as density, surface tension, effective thermal diffusivity, viscosity, and melting/leaching behaviors. Results show that the addition of alumina to this slag increases the degree of polymerization of the melt, and physical properties vary correspondingly. Mineralogy of the semi-rapidly solidified samples is also changed due to alumina addition. A correlation between mineralogy and leaching behavior can be observed.
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| 32. |
- Nilsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Discovery of 4 '-azido-2 '-deoxy-2 '-C-methyl cytidine and prodrugs thereof : A potent inhibitor of Hepatitis C virus replication
- 2012
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Ingår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-894X .- 1464-3405. ; 22:9, s. 3265-3268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 4'-Azido-2'-deoxy-2'-methylcytidine (14) is a potent nucleoside inhibitor of the HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, displaying an EC50 value of 1.2 mu M and showing moderate in vivo bioavailability in rat (F = 14%). Here we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of 4'-azido-2'-deoxy-2'-methylcytidine and prodrug derivatives thereof. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 33. |
- Näslund, J., et al.
(författare)
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Ecosystem effects of materials proposed for thin-layer capping of contaminated sediments
- 2012
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Ingår i: Marine Ecology Progress Series. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 449, s. 27-U46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecotoxicological effects of 2 carbonaceous and 7 mineral capping materials suggested for in situ remediation of contaminated sediments in the Grenland fjords, Norway, were investigated in a mesocosm experiment. The primary objective was to compare the various materials with regard to potentially harmful effects on the benthic ecosystem. The materials assessed were activated carbon, Kraft-lignin, sand and clay materials, and 3 industrial by-products. Using sediment box-core samples with intact benthic communities, effects on structural (bacterial, macro-and meiofauna diversity) and functional (sediment-to-water nutrient fluxes, oxygen fluxes and bacterial production) endpoints were assessed. Significant deviations from the control (no capping) were detected for all of the tested materials for at least one endpoint. Generally, materials similar to the indigenous sediment (clay, sand) had relatively low deviations from the control, whereas industrial products (plaster, 2 types of crushed marble) resulted in deviations for most endpoints and large reductions in community richness and abundance. For example, at the end of the experimental period, the number of macrofauna taxa was <10 in these treatments, compared to >27 in uncapped mesocosm and field control sediments. The results from the study show that reducing harmful ecosystem effects from thin-layer capping by selecting capping materials based on robust, multi-endpoint mesocosm bench-tests is both possible and recommendable. Potential ecosystem impacts are particularly important to consider when large areas and areas with adequate ecological status are considered for thin-layer capping.
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| 34. |
- Pham, M. K., et al.
(författare)
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Certified Reference Material IAEA-446 for radionuclides in Baltic Sea seaweed
- 2014
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Ingår i: Applied Radiation and Isotopes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-8043 .- 1872-9800. ; 87, s. 468-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Certified Reference Material (CRM) for radionuclides in seaweed (Fucus vesiculosus) from the Baltic Sea (IAEA-446) is described and the results of the certification process are presented. The K-40, Cs-132, U-234 and Pu239+240 radionuclides were certified for this material, and information values for 12 other radionuclides (Sr-90, Tc-99, Pb-210 (Po-210), Ra-226, Ra-228, Th-228, Th-230, Th-232, U-235, U-238, Pu-239 and Pu-240) are presented. The CRM can be used for Quality Assurance/Quality Control of analysis of radionuclides in seaweed and other biota samples, as well as for development and validation of analytical methods, and for training purposes. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Samuelsson, Kristian, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Level of Evidence in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Research: A Systematic Review.
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Sports Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 41:4, s. 924-934
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:There have been numerous studies on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Considering the vast number of studies, a quick assessment reveals rather few with a high level of evidence. PURPOSE:The primary aim was to categorize the study type and level of evidence of studies on primary ACL reconstruction by applying the level of evidence rating system proposed by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. The secondary aims were to correlate the level of evidence with the impact factor of the journal, to evaluate the level of evidence over time, and to evaluate the geographic distribution of the included studies. STUDY DESIGN:Systematic review. METHODS:An electronic search was performed using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Studies published from January 1995 to August 2011 were included. Therapeutic studies written in English that report on isolated primary ACL reconstruction with clinical outcome measurements related to the reconstruction were included. Categorization and implementation of the level of evidence were performed. Correlation between the level of evidence and the impact factor of the journal was analyzed together with linear regression models to reveal any significant trends over time. RESULTS:A total of 7154 studies were analyzed, of which 1510 were included. Analysis of the study types revealed that case series (n = 494; 32.7%) was the most frequent study type. Randomized controlled trials represented 9.2% (n = 139) of the sample, whereas meta-analyses were rare. Single-bundle studies were the most common studies (n = 1333; 88.3%), followed by double-bundle (n = 98; 6.5%) and single- versus double-bundle (n = 79; 5.2%). The journals Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy (KSSTA), and American Journal of Sports Medicine (AJSM) represented 43.5% (n = 657) of the included studies. Arthroscopy had the highest number of publications in general and in level 4 and 5 studies, whereas AJSM had the lowest number of the 3. AJSM had the highest number of level 1 and 2 studies in general. The mean level of evidence calculated without level 5 studies was 3.15 for Arthroscopy, 3.20 for KSSTA, and 2.9 for AJSM. There was a significant correlation (P < .05) between the impact factor of the journal and mean level of evidence of the journal and the proportion high level of evidence studies (levels 1 and 2). There was a significant (P < .05) trend toward higher mean level of evidence over time. CONCLUSION:Most therapeutic studies on primary ACL reconstruction were of low level of evidence, and there was a positive correlation between the journal's impact factor and the mean level of evidence and the proportion of high level of evidence studies. There was significant trend toward higher mean level of evidence over time.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Uhler, Jay (Jennifer), et al.
(författare)
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The UbL protein UBTD1 stably interacts with the UBE2D family of E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 443:1, s. 7-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- UBTD1 is a previously uncharacterized ubiquitin-like (UbL) domain containing protein with high homology to the mitochondrial Dc-UbP/UBTD2 protein. Here we show that UBTD1 and UBTD2 belong to a family of proteins that is conserved through evolution and found in metazoa, funghi, and plants. To gain further insight into the function of UBTD1, we screened for interacting proteins. In a yeast-2-hybrid (Y2H) screen, we identified several proteins involved in the ubiquitylation pathway, including the UBE2D family of E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes. An affinity capture screen for UBTD1 interacting proteins in whole cell extracts also identified members of the UBE2D family. Biochemical characterization of recombinant UBTD1 and UBE2D demonstrated that the two proteins form a stable, stoichiometric complex that can be purified to near homogeneity. We discuss the implications of these findings in light of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 43. |
- van Eck, Carola F, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence to support the interpretation and use of the Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Checklist.
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume. - 1535-1386. ; 95:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Published papers on anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction often lack details in the description of the surgical procedure, and there are large variations in anatomic ACL reconstruction techniques. We aimed to develop a validated checklist to be used for anatomic ACL reconstruction. First, a list of all potential items that could be used in the checklist was generated. Thirty-four ACL experts were selected to participate in an anonymous online survey to rate the importance of these items on a scale of 1 to 4 (with a score of 4 having the most importance). The results were verified by surveying a large sample of 959 orthopaedic specialists who are peer reviewers for four major orthopaedic journals. Items were included in the final checklist if they received an importance score of 3 or 4 from at least 75% of the survey takers. The survey response rate was 79% (twenty-seven of thirty-four) of the ACL experts and 40% (379 of 959) of the peer reviewers. The final Anatomic ACL Reconstruction Checklist includes seventeen items with a maximum score of 19 points. The final checklist underwent preliminary testing for internal consistency, intertester reliability, and validity. Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency was 0.82, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for intertester reliability was 0.65. This large survey-based study on anatomic ACL reconstruction resulted in the development of the Anatomic ACL Reconstruction Checklist; preliminary evidence for interpretation of the scores is provided.
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| 44. |
- van Eck, Carola F, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic review on cadaveric studies of anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-7347.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: One of the templates in the development of "anatomic" anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been basic science studies focusing on comparing various aspects of ACL reconstruction in order to optimize surgical technique. However, often such papers lack necessary data in the methods section to ascertain the proposed surgical technique as anatomic. The goal of this systematic review was to evaluate basic science studies on anatomic ACL reconstruction. METHODS: A systematic electronic search was performed using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Studies that were published from January 1995 to April 2009 were included. Only basic science studies on human cadavers that reported "anatomic" ACL reconstruction and written in English were included. Variation in surgical technique and reporting of surgical description were assessed. RESULTS: Eighteen studies were included in this systematic review. Only the fixation method, graft type and tension pattern were reported in the majority studies. Notchplasty and radiographic documentation were grossly underreported. Other surgical data were reported at best in two-thirds of the studies. There was a large variation in the reported surgical techniques among the included studies. Due to the aforementioned, it was not deemed possible to pool data of the included studies. CONCLUSION: For most variables in the surgical technique description, there was sizeable underreporting resulting in an inability to pool the outcomes. To provide literature that holds up to the current high level of medical research, authors are encouraged to report their surgical technique in a thorough manner, similar to high-level clinical trials. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Systematic review, Level II.
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| 45. |
- Vanfretti, Luigi, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of Eastern Denmark’s electromechanical modes from ambient phasor measurement data
- 2010
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Ingår i: IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010. - : IEEE. - 9781424483570 ; , s. 1-8
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we report on the preliminary results of a collaborative investigation effort between researchers in North America and Europe aiming to baseline the electromechanical modes and mode shapes of the Nordic system from synchronized phasor measurement data. We provide an overview on the Danish power grid and its interconnections, and describe the features of an experimental phasor measurement unit designed by DTU which is used to provide the measurements used in this investigation. Parametric and non-parametric block processing techniques are applied to 48 hours of ambient data recorded at the Radsted and Hoveg #x00E5;rd substations in Eastern Denmark. The estimated modes are in agreement with those shown in eigenanalysis studies, and other measurement-based investigations. More importantly, the emergence of a new 0.8 Hz mode in Sj #x00E6;lland is reported.
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| 46. |
- Wanrooij, Sjoerd, et al.
(författare)
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In vivo mutagenesis reveals that OriL is essential for mitochondrial DNA replication.
- 2012
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Ingår i: EMBO reports. - : EMBO. - 1469-3178 .- 1469-221X. ; 13:12, s. 1130-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA replication have been hotly debated for a decade. The strand-displacement model states that lagging-strand DNA synthesis is initiated from the origin of light-strand DNA replication (OriL), whereas the strand-coupled model implies that OriL is dispensable. Mammalian mitochondria cannot be transfected and the requirements of OriL in vivo have therefore not been addressed. We here use in vivo saturation mutagenesis to demonstrate that OriL is essential for mtDNA maintenance in the mouse. Biochemical and bioinformatic analyses show that OriL is functionally conserved in vertebrates. Our findings strongly support the strand-displacement model for mtDNA replication.
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