| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Svanborg, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
-
Adhesion, signal transduction and mucosal inflammation
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Bacterial Adhesion to Host Tissues. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9780521801072 - 0521801079 ; , s. 223-246
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Bergsten, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
PapG-dependent adherence breaks mucosal inertia and triggers the innate host response
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6613 .- 0022-1899. ; 189:9, s. 1734-1742
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mucosal pathogens differ from normal flora constituents in that they provoke a host response that upsets mucosal integrity. We investigated whether the elaboration of discrete adherence factors is sufficient to break the inertia of the mucosal barrier. PapG-mediated adherence was selected as an example, because P fimbrial expression characterizes uropathogenic Escherichia coli and because adherence starts the attack on the mucosal barrier. Patients were inoculated intravesically with transformed nonvirulent E. coli strains expressing functional P fimbriae (E. coli pap(+)) or mutant fimbriae lacking the adhesin (E. coli DeltapapG). E. coli pap(+) was shown to activate the innate host response, and adherent gfp(+) bacteria were observed on excreted uroepithelial cells. E. coli DeltapapG failed to trigger a response and was nonadhesive. We conclude that PapG-mediated adherence breaks mucosal inertia in the human urinary tract by triggering innate immunity and propose that this activation step differentiates asymptomatic carriage from infection.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Hansson, Karl-Martin, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Formation of HNCO, HCN, and NH3 from the pyrolysis of bark and nitrogen-containing model compounds
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Combustion and Flame. - 1556-2921 .- 0010-2180. ; 137, s. 265-277
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bark pellets have been pyrolyzed in a fluidized bed reactor at temperatures between 700 and 1000C. Identifiednitrogen-containing species were hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia (NH3), and isocyanic acid (HNCO). Quantification of HCN and to some extent of NH3 was unreliable at 700 and 800C due to low concentrations. HNCO could not be quantified with any accuracy at any temperature for bark, due to the low concentrations found. Since most of the nitrogen in biomass is bound in proteins, various protein-rich model compounds were pyrolyzed with the aim of finding features that are protein-specific, making conclusions regarding the model compounds applica-ble for biomass fuels in general. The model compounds used were a whey protein isolate, soya beans, yellow peas,and shea nut meal. The split between HCN and NH3 depends on the compound and temperature. It was found that the HCN/NH3 ratio is very sensitive to temperature and increases with increasing temperature for all compounds, including bark. Comparing the ratio for the different compounds at a fixed temperature, the ratio was found to decrease with decreasing release of volatile nitrogen. The temperature dependence implies that heating rate andthereby particle size affect the split between HCN and NH3. For whey, soya beans, and yellow peas, HNCO was also quantified. It is suggested that most HCN and HNCO are produced from cracking of cyclic amides formed as primary pyrolysis products. The dependence of the HNCO/HCN ratio on the compound is fairly small, but the temperature dependence of the ratio is substantial, decreasing with increasing temperature. The release of nitrogen-containing species does not seem to be greatly affected by the other constituents of the fuel, and proteins appear to be suitable model compounds for the nitrogen in biomass.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Hansson, Karl-Martin, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
The temperature’s influence on the selectivity between HNCO and HCN from pyrolysis of 2,5-diketopiperazine and 2-pyridone
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Fuel. - 0016-2361. ; 82, s. 2163-2172
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two cyclic amides, 2-pyridone and 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP), were pyrolysed at temperatures ranging from 700 to 1100C. Pyridone is the only one of the four main nitrogen functionalities found in coal that is likely to form HNCO under pyrolysis. DKP is a primary pyrolysis product from proteins, which are the main nitrogen source in biomass. The formation of HNCO from biomass has been suggested to originate from DKP and other cyclic amides. The aromatic 2-pyridone was thermally more stable than the non-aromatic DKP. Both amides formed HCN, HNCO and NH3. The NH3 yields, about 3–4% for 2-pyridone and 10% for DKP, were almost independent of temperature. The HCN yield on the other hand showed strong temperature dependence and increased with temperature for both of the cyclic amides. The HNCO yield decreased with increasing temperature for DKP over the whole temperature interval. For 2-pyridone, the pyrolysis was incomplete at the lowest temperature in the investigation. Between 900 and 1100C, the pyrolysis of 2-pyridone was complete and the HNCO yield decreased with increasing temperature. The HNCO/HCN ratio for both of the cyclic amides decreased with increasing temperature over the whole investigated temperature range. The finding in literature that the HNCO formation from cracking of coal tars produced a maximum HNCO yield at an intermediate temperature, is explained by the thermal stability of pyridone at low temperatures and the selectivity towards HCN at high temperatures.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Sjöblom, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Management and prognostic features of intracerebral hemorrhage during anticoagulant therapy - A Swedisih multicenter study
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1524-4628 .- 0039-2499. ; 32:11, s. 2567-2574
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose-Patients treated with oral anticoagulants (ACs) have an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which is more often fatal than spontaneous ICH. Options to reverse the AC effect include intravenous administration of vitamin K, plasma, and coagulation factor concentrate. However, the optimal management of AC-related ICH has not been determined in any randomized trial. In this study, the present management of AC-related ICH was surveyed, and determinants of survival were assessed. Methods-We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all AC-related ICHs at 10 Swedish hospitals during a 4-year period, 1993 to 1996. Survival status after the ICH was determined from the Swedish National population register. Results-We identified 151 patients with AC-related ICH. Death rates were 53.6% at 30 days, 63.6% at 6 months, and 77.5% at follow-up (mean 3.5 years). The case fatality ratio at 30 days was 96% among patients unconscious on admission (n=27), 80% among patients who became unconscious before active treatment was started (n=15), 55% among patients in whom no special action was taken except withdrawal of AC treatment (n=42), and 28% among patients given active anti-coumarin treatment while they were still conscious (n=64). The case fatality, ratio at 30 days was 11% in the group treated with plasma (n = 18), 30% in the group treated with vitamin K (n = 23), and 39% in the group treated with coagulation factor concentrate (n=23). Within the first 24 to 48 hours after admission, 47% of the patients deteriorated. Choice of therapy to reverse the AC effect differed substantially between the hospitals (P <0.0001), as did the time interval from symptom onset to start of treatment. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed only 2 factors (intraventricular extension of bleeding and ICH volume) that were independently related to case fatality at both 30 days and 6 months. The results were similar when the analysis was restricted to patients who were conscious on admission. Conclusions-In AC-related ICH, a progressive, neurological deterioration during the first 24 to 48 hours after admission is frequent, and the mortality is high. Choice of therapy to reverse the AC effect differed considerably between the hospitals. There was no evidence that any treatment strategy was superior to the others. A randomized controlled trial is needed to determine the best choice of treatment.
|
|
| 12. |
- Wullt, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Der Einfluss von P-Fimbrien auf eine Leukozyturie und den Schwellenwert einer persistierenden Bakteriurie [Effect of P fimbriae on pyuria and bacterial colonization of the human urinary tract]
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Der Urologe. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-2592. ; 42:2, s. 233-237
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the role of P fimbriae in colonization of Escherichia coli, host response, and bacterial persistence in humans. Human volunteers were inoculated intravesically with the nonadherent ABU isolate E. coli 83972 and with P fimbriated transformants of the same strain. During the following 24 h all urine samples, and thereafter daily samples, were collected for urine culture, analysis of neutrophil numbers, and cytokine concentrations (IL-6 and IL-8). The P fimbriated transformants showed enhanced bacterial colonization in comparison to E. coli 83972 and lowered the bacterial numbers needed for persistent bacteriuria. The P fimbriated transformants also lowered the bacterial numbers needed for a significant neutrophil and cytokine host response. We conclude that P fimbriae enhance bacterial colonization and trigger the host response in the human urinary tract.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
