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1.
  • Bruhn, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • A New World of Work Challenging Swedish Unions
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Nordic Lights. Work, Management and Welfare in Scandinavia. - Stockholm : SNS förlag. - 9789186949372 ; , s. 126-186
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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3.
  • Alderborn, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Genetically modified plants for non-food or non-feed purposes : straightforward screening for their appearance in food and feed
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Food and Chemical Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6915 .- 1873-6351. ; 48:2, s. 453-464
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Genetically modified (GM) plants aimed at producing food/feed are part of regular agriculture in many areas of the World. Commodity plants have also found application as bioreactors, designated non-food/non-feed GM (NFGM) plants, thereby making raw material for further refinement to industrial, diagnostic or pharmaceutical preparations. Many among them may pose health challenge to consumers or livestock animals, if occurring in food/feed. NFGM plants are typically released into the environment, but are grown under special oversight and any among several containment practices, none of which provide full protection against accidental dispersal. Adventitious admixture with food or feed can occur either through distributional mismanagement or as a consequence of gene flow to plant relatives. To facilitate NFGM surveillance we propose a new mandatory tagging of essentially all such plants, prior to cultivation or marketing in the European Union. The suggested tag--Plant-Made Industrial or Pharmaceutical Products Tag (PMIP-T)--is envisaged to occur as a transgenic silent DNA identifier in host plants and designed to enable technically simple identification and characterisation of any NFGM. Implementation of PMIP-T would permit inexpensive, reliable and high-throughput screening for NFGM specifically. The paper outlines key NFGM prospects and challenges as well as the PMIP-T concept.
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4.
  • Baaz, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Appreciating Lessons Learned
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: IEEE Software. ; 27:4, s. 72-79
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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5.
  • Bayer, Christian, et al. (författare)
  • How accurate is molecular dynamics?
  • 2012
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Born-Oppenheimer dynamics is shown to provide an accurate approximation of time-independent Schrödinger observables for a molecular system with an electron spectral gap, in the limit of large ratio of nuclei and electron masses, without assuming that the nuclei are localized to vanishing domains. The derivation, based on a Hamiltonian system interpretation of the Schrödinger equation and stability of the corresponding hitting time Hamilton-Jacobi equation for non ergodic dynamics, bypasses the usual separation of nuclei and electron wave functions, includes caustic states and gives a different perspective on theBorn-Oppenheimer approximation, Schrödinger Hamiltonian systems and numerical simulation in molecular dynamics modeling at constant energy.
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6.
  • Bergenholtz, Gunnar, 1939, et al. (författare)
  • Treatment of pulps in teeth affected by deep caries - A systematic review of the literature.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Singapore dental journal. - : World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt. - 0377-5291. ; 34:1, s. 1-12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: This systematic review assesses the effect of methods commonly used to manage the pulp in cases of deep caries lesions, and the extent the pulp chamber remains uninfected and does not cause pulpal or periapical inflammatory lesions and associated tooth-ache over time.STUDY DESIGN: An electronic literature search included the databases PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Reviews from January 1950 to March 2013. In addition, hand searches were carried out. Two reviewers independently evaluated abstracts and full-text articles. An article was read in full if at least one of the two reviewers considered the abstract potentially relevant. Altogether, 161 articles were read in full text. Of these, 24 studies fulfilled established inclusion criteria. Based on studies of at least moderate quality, the quality of evidence of each procedure was rated in four levels according to GRADE.RESULTS: No study reached the high quality level. Twelve were of moderate quality. The overall evidence was insufficient to assess which of indirect pulp capping, stepwise excavation, direct excavation and pulp capping/partial pulpotomy, pulpotomy or pulpectomy is the most effective treatment approach for teeth with deep caries.CONCLUSIONS: Because of the lack of good studies it is not possible to determine whether an injured pulp by deep caries can be maintained or whether it should be removed and replaced with a root canal filling. Both randomized studies and prospective observational studies are needed to investigate whether a pulp exposed to deep caries is best treated by measures intended to preserve it or by pulpectomy and root filling.
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8.
  • Bildsten, Louise, et al. (författare)
  • Value-driven Purchasing of Kitchen Cabinets in Industrialized Housing
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1366-4387 .- 1363-2175. ; 16:1, s. 73-83
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose - This article hypothesises that value-driven purchasing of customized kitchen cabinets is more profitable than market-driven purchasing in industrialized housing construction. The hypothesis is examined through a case study of kitchen carpentry at one of Sweden’s largest producers of industrialized prefabricated multi-storey housing. By comparing characteristics of market-driven vs. value-driven purchasing, this article aims to further clarify the benefits and drawbacks of these two strategies. Design/methodology/approach - A theoretical framework is proposed by comparing characteristics of market-driven vs. value-driven purchasing that clarifies the benefits and drawbacks of these two strategies. An explorative case study of kitchen carpentry at a house manufacturer illustrates purchasing of kitchen cabinets in the industrialized housing industry in relation to the proposed framework. Findings – According to the case study, from a value perspective, a long-term relationship with a dedicated local, smaller supplier is a preferable choice over a short-term bulk supplier, even if the short-term supplier has (much) lower prices. Research limitations/implications – This is a single-case study that should be verified by further empirical work of a test-delivery from the local sub-system manufacturer. Such a study would provide more insights into this area of work and make it possible to thoroughly evaluate potential risks. The indicative results in this paper can be made conclusive through quantification of the proposed Lean purchasing characteristics. Originality/value – A comparison of value-driven and market-driven purchasing is carried out in theory and applied to a real case study that brings new perspectives to purchasing. In this way, the article proposes alternative purchasing strategies to the construction industry.
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9.
  • Bildsten, Louise, 1975-, et al. (författare)
  • Value-driven vs Market-driven Purchasing of Kitchen Cabinets
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Conference Proceeding 18th annual conference of the International Group for Lean Construction. - Haifa : Technion-Israel Institute of Technology. ; , s. 202-211
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In economic and management literature, the relationship between supplier and buyer can be more or less intimate. It can vary from market-driven with a constant change of suppliers to a value-driven relationship with one sole supplier. Purchasing strategies of construction companies have often been described as short-sighted, where price is the most considered aspect. Recent lean management literature promote value-driven purchasing, since it provides benefits such as just-in-time delivery, zero defects and customized products through close technical collaboration. This article hypothesises that value-driven purchasing of customized kitchen cabinets is more profitable than market-driven purchasing in industrialized housing construction. The hypothesis is examined through a case study of kitchen carpentry at one of Sweden’s largest producers of industrialized prefabricated multi-storey housing. By comparing characteristics of market-driven vs. value-driven purchasing, this article aims to further clarify the benefits and drawbacks of these two strategies. At the case company, kitchens are ordered cabinet-by-cabinet and then installed inside the factory. The company is considering the possibility of a long-term relationship with a smaller local supplier that can deliver a new kind of innovative kitchen cabinet solution that is prefabricated. If the local supplier can meet the expectations of just-in-time delivery, zero defects and a product “tailor-made” for the housing company, there is much to gain.
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10.
  • Boman, Mattias, et al. (författare)
  • Tätortsnära friluftsliv
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Friluftsliv i förändring. Resultat från ett forskningsprogram. Slutrapport.. - : Naturvårdsverket. - 9789162065478
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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11.
  • Boman, Mattias, et al. (författare)
  • Tätortsnära friluftsliv
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Friluftsliv i förändring. Studier från svenska upplevelselandskap. - Stockholm : Carlsson Bokförlag. - 9789173316323 ; , s. 137-151
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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12.
  • Chen, DeJiu, et al. (författare)
  • Integrated safety and architecture modeling for automotive embedded systems
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik. - : Springer. - 0932-383X .- 1613-7620. ; 128:6, s. 196-202
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • EAST-ADL is an architecture description language (ADL) for model-based development of automotive embedded systems.The formalization of domain-specific engineering information and methodology brings a potential for a wide range of benefitsfor information management, system design and integration, tool interaction, documentation and communication. This paper describesthe EAST-ADL language support for safety requirements, faults/failures, hazards and safety constraints in the context of ISO/DIS 26262reference safety lifecycle. Based on the language support, the safety related information can be derived and managed seamlessly alongwith its target nominal system architecture model with multiple abstraction levels and view extensions. Through model transformationand tool integration, automated safety analysis is allowed.
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13.
  • Cuenot, Philippe, et al. (författare)
  • The EAST-ADL Architecture Description Language for Automotive Embedded Software
  • 2010. - 1
  • Ingår i: Model-Based Engineering of Embedded Real-Time Systems. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642162770 ; , s. 297-207
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Current trends in automotive embedded systems focus on how to manage the increasing software content, with a strong emphasis on standardization of the embedded software structure. The management of engineering information remains a critical challenge in order to support development and other stages of the life-cycle. System modelling based on an Architecture Description Language (ADL) is a way to keep these assets within one information structure. This paper presents the EAST- ADL2 modelling language, developed in the ITEA EAST-EEA project and further enhanced in the ATESST project (www.atesst.org). EAST- ADL2 supports comprehensive model-based development of embedded systems and provides dedicated constructs to facilitate variability and product line management, requirements engineering, representation of functional as well as software/hardware solutions, and timing and safety analysis.
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14.
  • Dubnovitsky, Anatoly, et al. (författare)
  • Amyloid-beta Protofibrils: Size, Morphology and Synaptotoxicity of an Engineered Mimic
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Structural and biochemical studies of the aggregation of the amyloid-beta peptide (A beta) are important to understand the mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease, but research is complicated by aggregate inhomogeneity and instability. We previously engineered a hairpin form of A beta called A beta cc, which forms stable protofibrils that do not convert into amyloid fibrils. Here we provide a detailed characterization of A beta(42)cc protofibrils. Like wild type A beta they appear as smooth rod-like particles with a diameter of 3.1 (+/- 0.2) nm and typical lengths in the range 60 to 220 nm when observed by atomic force microscopy. Non-perturbing analytical ultracentrifugation and nanoparticle tracking analyses are consistent with such rod-like protofibrils. A beta(42)cc protofibrils bind the ANS dye indicating that they, like other toxic protein aggregates, expose hydrophobic surface. Assays with the OC/A11 pair of oligomer specific antibodies put A beta(42)cc protofibrils into the same class of species as fibrillar oligomers of wild type A beta. A beta(42)cc protofibrils may be used to extract binding proteins in biological fluids and apolipoprotein E is readily detected as a binder in human serum. Finally, A beta(42)cc protofibrils act to attenuate spontaneous synaptic activity in mouse hippocampal neurons. The experiments indicate considerable structural and chemical similarities between protofibrils formed by A beta(42)cc and aggregates of wild type A beta(42). We suggest that A beta(42)cc protofibrils may be used in research and applications that require stable preparations of protofibrillar A beta.
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15.
  • Ekström, Kenneth, 1956-, et al. (författare)
  • How to organise transitions between units in preschool : does it matter
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Transitions in Childhood. - Melbourne : The University of Melbourne, Australia. - 1833-2390. ; 4:1, s. 4-12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study is, to deepen our understanding of what transitions within a preschool institution mean from the perspective of those involved. The issue is important to focus on, since an overview of research shows, that there are hardly any studies made on transitions within preschools. In the study presented nine preschool teachers were interviewed, representing two preschools differing in approach regarding how the transitions between different units were organised. One of the preschools had “marked” transitions between four units for groups of children strictly based on age. The transitions were perceived as a matter of course, as something natural. The other preschool with only two groups,  one for younger children and one for older children, had “smoother” transitions based on individual considerations. Here, the maturity of the individual child was taken into account. In the interpretation of the results, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the meaning of the transitions for the people involved, using the concept of rites of passage, two approaches were revealed. The first regarded transitions to be a part of the pedagogy, supporting the natural development of the child, as a rite of passage, leaving one social stage in their life  and move over to another. The second saw transitions as necessary due to external factors, trying to attain a pedagogical environment, where transitions were as smooth as possible, with no marked rites of passage, not for the individual, not for the collective.
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17.
  • Engström, Annica, 1967- (författare)
  • Dimmornas bro : En berättelse om konstruktionen och iscensättandet av kliniska adjunkter
  • 2012
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This dissertation is a study of a relatively new teacher function in nurse education, a teacher function that can be called clinical teacher, link lecturer, link teacher or lecturer involved in practice. The study departs from a constructivist perspective and the aim is to study the introduction, performance and regulation of this teacher function. The material consists of internationally and nationally published research 1978-2009, reports from the authorities, job ads for clinical teachers, job descriptions and contracts, archive material, evaluation studies, professional journals, texts on the Internet and 15 interviews with clinical teachers in Sweden. Using discourse analysis this material is studied in terms of interpretive repertoires, subject positions and ideological dilemmas. The primary focus of this dissertation concerns what problems the new teacher function is supposed to solve, how the problem should be solved, the effects of the chosen solutions and what´s staged, challenged and reproduced. Secondly, this dissertation highlights what categories of teachers are required and in demand for the new teacher function, how the teachers themselves manage their function and how the teacher function is maintained and challenged. The analysis identifies and highlights current interpretive repertoire, teachers possible subject positions and ideological dilemmas and how they are governed and challenged in the teaching function.
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20.
  • Frisk, Fredrik, 1971, et al. (författare)
  • Pulp exposures in adults--choice of treatment among Swedish dentists.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Swedish dental journal. - : Sveriges tandläkarförbund. - 0347-9994. ; 37:3, s. 153-60
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study comprises a survey of Swedish dentists'treatment preferences in cases of carious exposure of the dental pulp in adults.The survey was conducted as part of a comprehensive report on methods of diagnosis and treatment in endodontics, published in 2010 by the Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment. A questionnaire was mailed to a random subsample of 2012 dental offices where one dentist at each office was requested to answer all questions. Each questionnaire contained one of three sets of questions about endodontic practice routines.Thus around one-third of the subsample received case-specific questions about treating carious exposure. Only general practitioners aged below 70 years were included.The final study sample comprised 412 participants.The dentists were presented with two case scenarios. In Case 1 a 22-year old patient had a deep carious lesion in tooth 36 and in Case 2 a 50-year old patient had a deep carious lesion in tooth 14.The participants were asked to nominate their treatment of choice: pulp capping, partial pulpotomy or pulpectomy. For Case 1, 17 per cent of the respondents selected pulpectomy; the corresponding rate for Case 2 was 47 per cent. Female gender and age group 25-49 years were predictive of selection of less invasive treatment options. However, according to recent guidelines (2011) from the National Board of Health and Wellfare, Swedish dentists are recommended to elect pulpectomy prior to pulp capping/partial pulpotomy when confronted with a tooth having a cariously exposed pulp in adults.
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23.
  • Hellblom-Thibblin, Tina, et al. (författare)
  • LÄSA - SKRIVA - RÄKNA : Varför når inte alla skolans mål trots de insatser som sätts in?
  • 2013
  • Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This qualitative in-depth study is a follow-up and evaluation of the “intervention guarantee” in the city of Västerås, Sweden. The work based upon that task is the starting point for this report. The aim of the study is to deepen the understanding of the problems linked to the question: Why do some children, despite interventions, not attain the goal – the ability to read, write, and do arithmetic by the end of the third grade? An interpretive approach was applied to fulfill the aim of the study. Empirical data were collected in two ways: qualitative interviews with teachers and special needs educators, and an ethnographic case study including participant observation, interviews with teachers, and collection of documents. Supported by the interviews with each teacher category – special needs educators and classroom teachers in grades 3 and 4 – and the results of the case study, a picture emerges of how the schools respond to children who do not attain learning objectives in the relevant areas of knowledge and what may facilitate or prevent their positive development. The study shows that concerted efforts are being made in the “reading, writing, arithmetic” area in the schools. Many of them have comprehensive educational programmes intended to ensure that children who face obstacles in the language, writing, reading and arithmetic process will attain learning objectives. Constructive cooperation between classroom teachers and special needs educators is usually found in the most successful schools. Another “picture” also emerges in the interviews about the schools’ capacity to meet all the needs of different children: respondents identified factors including lack of resources and inadequate teaching skills development as explanations for why various children do not achieve goals at school.   
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24.
  • Holmes, Emily A., et al. (författare)
  • Erasing trauma memories
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 197:5, s. 414-415
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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25.
  • Kadkhodaei, Banafsheh, et al. (författare)
  • Transcription factor Nurr1 maintains fiber integrity and nuclear-encoded mitochondrial gene expression in dopamine neurons
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 110:6, s. 2360-2365
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Developmental transcription factors important in early neuron specification and differentiation often remain expressed in the adult brain. However, how these transcription factors function to mantain appropriate neuronal identities in adult neurons and how transcription factor dysregulation may contribute to disease remain largely unknown. The transcription factor Nurr1 has been associated with Parkinson's disease and is essential for the development of ventral midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons. We used conditional Nurr1 gene-targeted mice in which Nurr1 is ablated selectively in mature DA neurons by treatment with tamoxifen. We show that Nurr1 ablation results in a progressive pathology associated with reduced striatal DA, impaired motor behaviors, and dystrophic axons and dendrites. We used laser-microdissected DA neurons for RNA extraction and next-generation mRNA sequencing to identify Nurr1-regulated genes. This analysis revealed that Nurr1 functions mainly in transcriptional activation to regulate a battery of genes expressed in DA neurons. Importantly, nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes were identified as the major functional category of Nurr1-regulated target genes. These studies indicate that Nurr1 has a key function in sustaining high respiratory function in these cells, and that Nurr1 ablation in mice recapitulates early features of Parkinson's disease.
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26.
  • Karlsson, Jesper, et al. (författare)
  • An a posteriori error estimate for symplectic Euler approximation of optimal control problems
  • 2014
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This work focuses on numerical solutions of optimal control problems. A time discretization error representation is derived for the approximation of the associated value function. It concerns Symplectic Euler solutions of the Hamiltonian system connected with the optimal control problem. The error representation has a leading order term consisting of an error density that is computable from Symplectic Euler solutions. Under an assumption of the pathwise convergence of the approximate dual function as the maximum time step goes to zero, we prove that the remainder is of higher order than the leading error density part in the error representation. With the error representation, it is possible to perform adaptive time stepping. We apply an adaptive algorithm originally developed for ordinary differential equations. The performance is illustrated by numerical tests.
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27.
  • Macsari, Istvan, et al. (författare)
  • 3-Oxoisoindoline-1-carboxamides : Potent, State-Dependent Blockers of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Na(V)1.7 with Efficacy in Rat Pain Models
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 55:15, s. 6866-6880
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The voltage-gated sodium channel Na(V)1.7 is believed to be a critical mediator of pain sensation based on clinical genetic studies and pharmacological results. Clinical utility of nonselective sodium channel blockers is limited due to serious adverse drug effects. Here, we present the optimization, structure activity relationships, and in vitro and in vivo characterization of a novel series of Na(V)1.7 inhibitors based on the oxoisoindoline core. Extensive studies with focus on optimization of Na(V)1.7 potency, selectivity over Na(V)1.5, and metabolic stability properties produced several interesting oxoisoindoline carboxamides (16A, 26B, 28, 51, 60, and 62) that were further characterized. The oxoisoindoline carboxamides interacted with the local anesthetics binding site. In spite of this, several compounds showed functional selectivity versus Na(V)1.5 of more than 100-fold. This appeared to be a combination of subtype and state-dependent selectivity. Compound 28 showed concentration-dependent inhibition of nerve injury-induced ectopic in an ex vivo DRG preparation from SNL rats. Compounds 16A and 26B demonstrated concentration-dependent efficacy in preclinical behavioral pain models. The oxoisoindoline carboxamides series described here may be valuable for further investigations for pain therapeutics.
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28.
  • Macsari, Istvan, et al. (författare)
  • Phenyl isoxazole voltage-gated sodium channel blockers : structure and activity relationship
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-894X .- 1464-3405. ; 21:13, s. 3871-3876
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Blocking of certain sodium channels is considered to be an attractive mechanism to treat chronic pain conditions. Phenyl isoxazole carbamate 1 was identified as a potent and selective Na(V)1.7 blocker. Structural analogues of 1, both carbamates, ureas and amides, were proven to be useful in establishing the structure-activity relationship and improving ADME related properties. Amide 24 showed a good overall in vitro profile, that translated well to rat in vivo PK.
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29.
  • Mellberg, Tomas, et al. (författare)
  • Rebound of residual plasma viremia after initial decrease following addition of intravenous immunoglobulin to effective antiretroviral treatment of HIV
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: AIDS Research and Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1742-6405. ; 8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract Background High dosage of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been observed as a possible activator of HIV gene expression in latently infected resting CD4+ T-cells, leading to a substantial decrease in both the reservoir and the residual plasma viremia when added to effective ART. IVIG treatment has also been reported to expand T regulatory cells (Tregs). The aim of this study was to evaluate possible long-term effect of IVIG treatment on residual viremia and T-lymphocyte activation. Methods Nine HIV-infected subjects on effective ART included in a previously reported study on IVIG treatment were evaluated 48-104 weeks after therapy. In addition, 14 HIV-infected controls on suppressive ART were included. HIV-1 RNA was analyzed in cell-free plasma by using an ultrasensitive PCR-method with a detection limit of 2 copies/mL. T-lymphocyte activation markers and serum interleukins were measured. Results Plasma residual viremia rebounded to pre-treatment levels, 48-104 weeks after the initial decrease that was observed following treatment with high-dosage IVIG. No long-term effect was observed regarding T-lymphocyte activation markers, T-regulatory cells or serum interleukins. In a post-hoc analysis, a correlation between plasma HIV-1-RNA and CD4+ T-cell count was found in both IVIG-treated patients and controls. Conclusions These results indicate that the decrease in the latent HIV-1 pool observed during IVIG treatment is transient. Although not our primary objective, we found a correlation between HIV-1 RNA and CD4+ T-cell count suggesting the possibility that patients with a higher CD4+ T-cell count might harbor a larger residual pool of latently infected CD4+ T-cells.
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30.
  • Miftakhova, Regina, et al. (författare)
  • DNA Methylation in ATRA-treated leukemia cell lines lacking a PML-RAR chromosome translocation
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - : International Institute of Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 32:11, s. 4715-4722
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract A deficient retinoic acid signaling has been suggested to be an important cause of the clinical inefficacy of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy in non-promyelocytic (non-PML) forms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The general aim of the present work was to explore novel ways to take advantage of the anti-leukemic potential of ATRA, and, specifically, to search for a synergism between ATRA and epigenetic drugs. Because previous reports have found no major influence of ATRA on DNA methylation, we investigated whether ATRA-mediated differentiation of the U937 and HL-60 AML cell lines, both lacking a PML-retinoic acid receptor (RAR) fusion product, is accompanied by early-appearing and weak changes in CpG methylation. We report that in HL-60 cells, by using a highly quantitative analysis of a set of genes found to be abnormally expressed in AML, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified p16 gene promoter molecules (each with 15 CpG sites), exhibited a CpG methylation level of 0-4% in untreated cells, which increased to 4-21% after treatment with ATRA for seven days. In contrast to HL-60 cells, U937 cells exhibited a very high CpG methylation level in p16, and ATRA did not influence the promoter methylation of this gene. In the total CCGG sites of the genome, analysed using a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme, CpG methylation was significantly lower in ATRA-treated HL-60 (p<0.01) and U937 cells (p<0.05) than in controls. Taken together, our findings show that ATRA can influence DNA methylation, and suggest that future research should investigate whether epigenetic modulation may evoke a clinical effect of ATRA in leukemia.
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31.
  • Miftakhova, Regina, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring novel therapeutic options in T-LGL, including epigenetic modulation : a case report
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Leukemia Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-2126 .- 1873-5835. ; 34:7, s. e145-e149
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • T cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL) is a chronic disease covering a wide spectrum of clinical presentations in the border-land between reactive autoimmunity and overt leukemia [1-2]. Most T-LGL patients follow an indolent course, and display a fairly uniform immunophenotype: TCR alfa/beta+, CD3+, CD4-, CD8+, CD56-, CD57+. This disease often causes significant morbidity mediated by anemia and granulocytopenia, considered to occur by mechanism of T cell cytokines. There is no consensus for optimal therapy of T-LGL, but beneficial effects have been reported for a number of agents including cyclosporin, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide and nucleoside analogs [1-2]. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no experience with some modalities currently in use for closely related disorders. The purpose of the experiments reported in this case report was to evaluate the need for clinical studies on such therapies, including epigenetic modulation and extracorporeal photopheresis.
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32.
  • Miranda La Hera, Pedro, et al. (författare)
  • Modeling an industrial flotation process : a case study at the mining company Boliden AB
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Biannual World Automation Congress. - : IEEE. - 9781467344975 - 9781889334479
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present results of modeling dynamics of a copper flotation process, for which conventional system identification methods are applied. To this end, experimental studies are performed at an open pit mine belonging to the Swedish mining company Boliden AB. The main idea is to identify linear plants, that approximate dynamics of the process around neighborhoods of cost efficient working conditions. These models are intended to be applied for the design of model based control strategies, and to assess better studies of performance optimization. The results of simulation tests show a satisfactory agreement in between the identified models performance and the measured variables.
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34.
  • Papadopoulos, Yiannis, et al. (författare)
  • Automatic allocation of safety integrity levels
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Critical Automotive applications. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781605589152 ; , s. 7-10
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper, we describe a concept for the automatic allocationof general Safety Integrity Levels (SILs) to subsystems andcomponents of complex hierarchical networked architectures thatdeliver sets of safety critical functions. The concept is generic andcan be adapted to facilitate the safety engineering approachdefined in several standards that employ the concept of integrityor assurance levels including ISO 26262, the emergingautomotive safety standard. SIL allocation is facilitated by HiPHOPS,an automated safety analysis tool, and can be performed inthe context of development using EAST-ADL2, an automotivearchitecture description language. The process rationalizescomplex risk allocation and leads to optimal/economic allocationof SILs.
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35.
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36.
  • Sandberg, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Model-Based Safety Engineering of Interdependent Functions in Automotive Vehicles Using EAST-ADL2
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: COMPUTER SAFETY, RELIABILITY, AND SECURITY. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642156502
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • For systems where functions are distributed but share support forcomputation, communication, environment sensing and actuation, it is essentialto understand how such functions can affect each other. Preliminary HazardAnalysis (PHA) is the task through which safety requirements are established.This is usually a document-based process where each system function isanalyzed alone, making it difficult to reason about the commonalities of relatedfunctional concepts and the distribution of safety mechanisms across a systemof-systems. This paper presents a model-based approach to PHA with theEAST-ADL2 language and in accordance with the ISO/DIS 26262 standard.The language explicitly supports the definition and handling of requirements,functions and technical solutions, and their various relations and constraints as acoherent whole with multiple views. We show in particular the engineeringneeds for a systematic approach to PHA and the related language features forprecise modeling of requirements, user functionalities, system operationcontexts, and the derived safety mechanisms.
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37.
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38.
  • Sandberg, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Stabilization of neurotoxic Alzheimer amyloid-beta oligomers by protein engineering
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 107:35, s. 15595-15600
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Soluble oligomeric aggregates of the amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the conformation adopted by Abeta within these aggregates is not known, a beta-hairpin conformation is known to be accessible to monomeric Abeta. Here we show that this beta-hairpin is a building block of toxic Abeta oligomers by engineering a double-cysteine mutant (called Abetacc) in which the beta-hairpin is stabilized by an intramolecular disulfide bond. Abeta(40)cc and Abeta(42)cc both spontaneously form stable oligomeric species with distinct molecular weights and secondary-structure content, but both are unable to convert into amyloid fibrils. Biochemical and biophysical experiments and assays with conformation-specific antibodies used to detect Abeta aggregates in vivo indicate that the wild-type oligomer structure is preserved and stabilized in Abetacc oligomers. Stable oligomers are expected to become highly toxic and, accordingly, we find that beta-sheet-containing Abeta(42)cc oligomers or protofibrillar species formed by these oligomers are 50 times more potent inducers of neuronal apoptosis than amyloid fibrils or samples of monomeric wild-type Abeta(42), in which toxic aggregates are only transiently formed. The possibility of obtaining completely stable and physiologically relevant neurotoxic Abeta oligomer preparations will facilitate studies of their structure and role in the pathogenesis of AD. For example, here we show how kinetic partitioning into different aggregation pathways can explain why Abeta(42) is more toxic than the shorter Abeta(40), and why certain inherited mutations are linked to protofibril formation and early-onset AD.
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39.
  • Sandberg, Dick, 1967-, et al. (författare)
  • Utvändiga träfasader : Inverkan av materialval, konstruktion och ytbehandling på beständigheten hos fasader av gran och tall
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Den utvändiga fasaden ska ge byggnaden ett uttryck genom utformning och kulör. Fasaden ska också skydda de isolerande skikten i väggen från yttre påverkan. Dessa funktioner kan uppfyllas av i stort sett alla material. Om trä ska trä vara konkurrenskraftigt måste trämaterialet, fasadkonstruktionen och ytbehandlingssystemet väljas och samverka på ett sådant sätt att fasaden får en lång livslängd med litet och lågt underhåll. Därigenom blir träfasaden ekonomiskt och estetiskt attraktiv för brukaren i vid mening.Denna studie belyser kunskapsfronten för utomhusanvändning av träslagen tall (Pinus sylvestris L.) och gran (Picea abies L. Karst.) ovan mark. Specifikt studeras användning i fasader utifrån aspekterna materialval, fasadkonstruktion, ytbehandling samt återvinning.Marknaden efterfrågar träfasadsystem. De behov som marknadens aktörer, dvs. byggherrar, fastighetsförvaltare, arkitekter, konstruktörer, stomleverantörer, entreprenörer och representanter för småhusindustrin, framhäver kan sammanfattas i följande punkter:Behov av specificerad livslängd och givna tidsintervall för underhåll av träfasader. (Ska vara i nivå med konkurrerande material)Det är önskvärt att leverantören av ett fasadsystem ikläder sig ett långsiktigt ansvar för underhåll.Flexibilitet, leverantören ska kunna byta ut eller renovera fasaden vid behov.Byggkrav, träfasadmaterial måste kunna samverka med andra, speciellt brandklassade, material.Fasadsystem skall vara utseendemässigt attraktivt.Den primära marknaden för nya fasadsystem bör vara flerbostadshus, men inte nödvändigtvis flerbostadshus av trä. Fokus ska ligga på fasadsystemets flexibilitet i arkitektoniskt uttryck och i relation till andra material och system. Nybyggnation är viktigt, men miljonprogrammet, renovering och tillbyggnad (ROT) samt energieffektivisering är också viktiga områden.Den svenska marknaden är liten (idag ca. 70 000 m3 trä för fasader), men bör inledningsvis ändå prioriteras och därefter de nordiska länderna, samt Schweiz, Österrike och Tyskland.I litteraturen beskrivs mer eller mindre välgrundade rekommendationer för att förlänga träfasaders livslängd och öka dess underhålls-intervall. Vissa av rekommendationerna är dock direkt motstridiga.När aspekterna materialval, fasadkonstruktion och ytbehandling studeras finns det många detaljer som har betydelse för träfasadens beständighet. Det är svårt att sära ut de mest väsentliga faktorerna, men utan att ta hänsyn till aspekter som kostnader, tillgång, eller andra av praktiskt karaktär viktiga faktorer kan följande nyckelfaktorer identifieras för en miljöriktig och beständig fasad av tall eller gran:MaterialvalHög andel kärnved, helst uteslutande kärnvedVirket ska ha stående årsringarHanteringen ska utföras så att virket inte får mekaniska skador, får mikrobiella angrepp, eller blir uppfuktat eller nedsmutsat, dvs. snabb och rätt hantering, samt god emballering.Från marken – fasaden ska börja minst 30 cm ovan marken.Ventilation – utforma fasadbeklädnaden så att fukt snabbt kan torka ut. Ventilera utrymmet bakom fasaden vilket är ett enkelt sätt för att möjliggöra detta.Vattenavrinning – inga horisontella ytor.Flexibilitet – ska gälla både konstruktion och arkitektoniskt utförande. Fasadsystem som kan ”hängas på” befintliga byggnader efterfrågas.Förseglat ändträ – försegling av ändträytor för att förhindra fuktupptagning i träet är helt avgörande för trämaterialets livslängd. Spikning kan öppna nya ändträytor och bör därmed utföras omsorgsfullt och med eftertanke.Rundade virkeskanter – ger bättre täckförmåga hos färgen och minskar risk för mekaniska skador på fasadbrädorna.Val av ytbehandling – spelar en nyckelroll för fasadens prestanda. En träfasad ska levereras som en del av ett komplett underhållspaket.Hantering från skog till fasadKonstruktionYtbehandlingFör ytbehandling finns idag många tillämpningar där nanotekniken utnyttjas för att skapa mervärde hos en yta jämfört med vad dagens mer traditionella produkter kan erbjuda. Nanobaserade ytbehandlingsprodukter marknadsförs redan idag och där uppges de göra ytor smuts- och vattenavvisande, förhindra påväxt av alger, svamp och mossa, förbättra UV- och temperaturresistensen och kulörbeständigheten, förbättra rep- och nötningståligheten, samt ha antigraffiti egenskaper etc. De flesta produkterna är dock nya och för en del finns därför frågetecken vad gäller t.ex. långtidsprestanda och teknisk livslängd, underhållbarhet och därmed sammanhängande ekonomi sett ur ett livscykelperspektiv för den produkt eller system där ytbehandlingen utgör bara en del.En kostnadsanalys som genomförts i studien gör bedömningen att nya nanoteknikbaserade ytbehandlingssystem skulle kunna ge som mest en reduktion av underhållskostnaderna med 15 %. Antagandet är då att fasadrengöring behöver göras vart femte eller sjunde år då traditionella målningssystem används.Återvunnet trä från träfasader definieras enligt Svensk standard som trädbränsle och benämns generellt för returträ eller när materialet är i finfördelad form för returflis.Ett stort problem med att återvinna energin från returträ är att en del av materialet är behandlat på något sätt, t.ex. impregnerat med träskyddsmedel, ytbehandlat eller innehåller andra konstruktionsdelar av t.ex. plast eller metall. Returflis är ett utmärkt bränsle för energiåtervinning förutsatt att anläggningen har tillräcklig rökgasrening och att askan hanteras på ett korrekt sätt. Ett problem idag är vad som ska ske med förorenad askan då den klassas som farligt avfall och därmed inte kan återföras till skogen. Om halterna av tungmetaller inte är för höga kan askan användas som täck- och fyllmaterial annars måste askan gå till deponi.En bättre källsortering och översyn av regelverk skulle dessutom kunna leda till att det renare returträet skulle kunna eldas i konventionella biobränslepannor medan den förorenade andelen då skulle eldas separat. 
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40.
  • Sandberg, Gunilla, 1954- (författare)
  • På väg in i skolan : Om villkor för olika barns delaktighet och skriftspråkslärande
  • 2012
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The start of school is an important period in life. For some children, it is critical and affects their first time in school. It might have great importance for their learning and well-being. The aim of this thesis is to deepen the understanding of how different children face the school, based on the conditions that have been set for participation and learning, with special regard to literacy. Attention will be given to the start of school as an important transition in life, literacy activities, and special support in preschool-class and first grade. Both children and teacher perspectives are considered.The theoretical framework is a dynamic and interactional perspective.  This ethnographic study is inspired by the hermeneutic tradition. The empirical material has been collected through a case study at two schools, where two different groups of children have been observed from the latter part of preschool-class up until first grade. Furthermore, qualitative interviews have been held with special pedagogues at nine schools.The results show that the strive of teachers in preschool-class to create social security and ensuring close-knit group seem to have an impact on children during their entrance into school. Children appear well-prepared and comfortable in the school environment of first grade. Nevertheless, an organization that requires two transitions is inherently problematic, given the change in activities, roles and relations for children within one year.In terms of didactics, preschool-class and first-year class are weakly linked. There is no clear association between the reading and writing activities in the two forms of school, and there is no arena for teachers to develop a common ground for the didactic effort, a borderland. This can have consequences in terms of halting or interrupting children’s learning process. A well-developed special-pedagogical work strategy and careful surveying is made of children’s learning processes. But, with the cautious attitude shown, the support of individual children is not put into process until the spring of their first school year or later. The issues of when and how special support should be offered are tied to different dilemmas.
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41.
  • Sandberg, Gunilla, 1954-, et al. (författare)
  • Transition to school : A Swedish perspective
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Early Childhood Folio. - New Zealand : NZCER Press. - 0112-0530. ; 18:2, s. 15-21
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article reports findings from an ethnographic study aiming to deepen the understanding of the transition from preschool into school, with special regard to participation and learning, from the perspective of students and teachers involved. The results show that, although children appear well prepared and comfortable facing school, a system that requires two transitions within one year is problematic given the change in activities, roles, and relationships for children. In terms of literacy activities, preschool and Year 1 are weakly linked and there is no arena for teachers to develop a common ground for pedagogical discussion, a “borderland”.
  •  
42.
  • Sandberg, Jan, et al. (författare)
  • Dynamic simulation of fouling in a circulating fluidized biomass fired boiler
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 88:5, s. 1813-1824
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A dynamic model is presented for a biomass-fired circulating fluidized bed boiler. The model is based on energy and mass balances for the components in the boiler and on a combustion model for the fluidized bed. The main purpose of the model is to simulate how deposits affect the boiler efficiency and performance. The model is verified against the municipal circulating fluidized bed boiler in Vasteras, Sweden, which produces 157 MW. The distribution of deposits on the surfaces in the boiler is well known from inspections. These observations are used as inputs to the model to simulate their effects on boiler performance. The heat exchanger most affected by fouling is Superheater 2, which is the first heat exchanger in the flue gas channel. Deposits typically reduce the heat transfer rate by half over a season despite soot blowing. This and other fouling scenarios are simulated and presented in this article. The simulations show that fouling on superheaters redistributes the heat transfer rate from the superheaters to Reheater 1 and partially redistributes turbine power from the high pressure turbine to the intermediate pressure turbine. If the boiler is running at maximum load, water injection to Reheater 1 has to increase to maintain temperatures below the permitted limit. The dynamic effects of fouling are small and the total efficiency of the boiler is only marginally affected. Fouling on evaporating surfaces has major dynamic effects and dramatically decreases the boiler efficiency. A decrease in fuel rate flow is needed to maintain temperatures in the fluidised bed and in the flue gas channel within acceptable limits.
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43.
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44.
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45.
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46.
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47.
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48.
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49.
  • Sandberg, Ulf, 1946, et al. (författare)
  • WORKING WITH FORCES PROMOTING OR HINDERING IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIES FOR MAINTENANCE – EXPERIENCES FROM SWEDISH INDUSTRY
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Swedish Production Symposium 2014.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper is based on six Swedish companies’ effort to define and use a maintenance strategy. Using an analysis tool to define the present situation, the companies can describe, analyze, and evaluate the road from a present situation to a new one. Factors hindering and promoting the implementation of their strategies have been identified. They slowed down work, and also hindered the implementation of targeted and prioritized areas in their strategies! Finally, the paper report about an in-depth analysis of one of the most wanted achievements in maintenance organizations – an increase of preventive work in relation to corrective measures.
  •  
50.
  • Sarwar, Martuza, et al. (författare)
  • Protein kinase A (PKA) pathway is functionally linked to androgen receptor (AR) in the progression of prostate cancer
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Urologic Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 1078-1439 .- 1873-2496. ; 32:1, s. 25.e1-25.e12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we investigated whether the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-activated protein kinase A (PKA) pathway may regulate the expression of AR and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and whether there is a correlation between the expression of cAMP/PKA-associated genes and androgen receptor (AR) in patients with prostate cancer (CaP).MATERIALS AND METHODS: The functional studies were performed in LNCaP and PC3 cell lines. Data on the mRNA expression of sets of genes in human clinical samples, including prostate tissues from organ donors, prostate primary cancer, and metastatic cancer, were extracted from the National Center for Biotechnology Informations Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Statistical tests were applied.RESULTS: We showed that elevated levels of cAMP/PKA pathways induced an increased expression of AR and PSA proteins in LNCaP cells in the absence of androgen. A cAMP-associated phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor, rolipram induced an up-regulation in AR expression, whereas a cAMP enhancer, forskolin increased PSA level without affecting AR expression. Forskolin treatment increased the level of PKA R1α in LNCaP cells, but remarkably inhibited R1α expression in aggressive PC3 cells. In patients with CaP, we found that the expression of genes encoding R1α and phosphodiesterase-4B was statistically significantly lower in the metastatic specimens than that in the primary CaP specimens or in the normal prostate tissues (P<0.01) and was reversely correlated with AR expression. Conversely, AR and PRKAR2B mRNA expressions were significantly higher in metastatic lesions than those in the primary CaP specimens or in the normal prostate tissues (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Our study revealed a novel mechanism to precisely define the functional and clinical interrelationship between the cAMP/PKA pathway and AR signaling in the development of androgen-independent growth of CaPs and metastasis progression.
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