| 1. |
- Carsten, Hobohm, et al.
(författare)
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Land Use Change and the Future of Biodiversity
- 2021
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Ingår i: Perspectives for Biodiversity and Ecosystems. - Cham : Springer. - 2214-2827 .- 2214-2835. - 9783030577094 ; , s. 451-483
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This synthesis report is a meta-analysis of perspectives for biodiversity and ecosystems, with a strong focus on human impacts on the environment, and a work order to enable and manage the protection, survival and evolution of all species on Earth. The goal is to protect nature without any further species loss (Zero Extinction). With this report, we assess alarming signals from the environment; determine the needs of threatened biota and the required actions to manage and protect landscapes and ecosystems; and identify some inescapable tendencies, challenges but also possibilities. The story of humans on Earth is at a critical juncture. Human behaviour is inherently dependent on physical and societal relations, including orientation and positioning within the physical environment. There is no single cultural benefit that is independent of provisioning through ecosystem services. Humans are part of the environment, acquire all needs from it and, as such, depend on its integrity and management for life and well-being. Moreover, if human impacts to the environment continue to increase the risk of rebound effects impacting human life and health will increase as well. Whenever a biome, ecosystem, habitat or species is heavily impacted or threatened with irreversible transformation or extinction, prevailing environmental conditions are relevant and should be observed, analysed and remedied as necessary and where possible. Ecology examines the evolutionary, historical and more recent interplay between biological life and the abiotic environment, while the role of social science and the humanities is to question the physical and social landscape, and how and why it should be protected or influenced, e.g. by nature conservation measures under political and economic, ethical and legal considerations. Thus, for all inter-relationships between natural and sociocultural processes, a joint venture in the form of social-ecological thinking is necessary to combine natural sciences and the humanities. With this contribution, we combine ecological knowledge with social science knowledge (s.l.) through the participation of scientists of many different disciplines. We analyse history and current processes to assess risks, threats and possibilities, and call for an array of regulations and measures that can contribute to halting of biodiversity loss and that assist in achieving a sustainable future. Regulations comprise creativity, cultural incentives, social norms, environmental education and economic investments—such as payments for sustainable agriculture, forestry, and fishery; investments in water, soil and air purity; and much clearer and stronger legal restrictions and consequences around waste streams and environmental degradation. Moreover, a gradual change from profit-oriented economies in the short-run to environmentally-sensitive policies that include systematic environmental programmes in the long term might help to decrease pressure on ecosystems and biota. Such economics might also include the real costs of consumerism, including the impacts of particular products on the environment and on human health. The greatest hurdle for the continued existence of many critically endangered species is the impact of widespread anthropogenic-driven change in the usage of water, air and land, and industry intensification in agriculture, aquaculture, forestry, urbanisation, transportation and mining sectors. However, there is not one simple solution to solve these issues. We conclude that many of the current developments have to be adjusted or gradually altered in a step-wise manner, especially with respect to existing sociocultural behaviours. Therefore, various concepts, decisions and measures should be discussed and implemented at all scales from local to supranational and among researchers, practitioners and politicians.
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| 2. |
- Leo Sandberg, Elinn, et al.
(författare)
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Matbistånd från Svenska kyrkan
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nyckeln till Svenska kyrkan – en skrift om organisation, verksamhet och ekonomi 2023.. ; , s. 7-27
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is the first time the Church of Sweden's food aid has been mapped statistically and nationally. Food aid is the most common material aid to people in economic vulnerability and a full 86% of the parishes and pastorates in the Church of Sweden work with it. This chapter describes the extent, frequency, composition of the recipient's household, main group affiliation and whether food aid is considered to have increased.
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| 3. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 4. |
- Berg, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Djurvälfärden vid träning och prov av jakthundar i och utanför vilthägn med vildsvin, älg, björn och hare
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med detta yttrande är att sammanställa aktuell forskning kring djurvälfärden vid träning och prov av jakthundar på vildsvin, älg, björn och hare i vilthägn samt hur de vilda djurens naturliga beteende tillgodoses vid mötet med ett rovdjur och hur detta påverkas av hägnets utformning. Det finns kunskapsluckor inom området då det råder brist på vetenskapliga studier av hur träning och prov i och utanför vilthägn påverkar jakthunden och de vilda djuren. Omfattningen av denna verksamhet är till stora delar okänd för Rådet och området är tämligen oreglerat i lagstiftningen.Träning och prov av jakthundar i hägn sker för att kunna utvärdera hundarnas egenskaper vid jakt. Utfallet av dessa prov används för att undersöka om hunden fungerar och är lämpad för praktisk jakt, men även i avelsarbetet. Skador från björn, vildsvin och älg kan bli allvarliga för jakthunden vid ordinarie jakt. I dagsläget tränas och testas hundar på vildsvin och hare inne i hägnet medan träning och prov av hund på björn och älg sker utanför hägnet med stängsel mellan hund och vilt. Risk för fysiska skador på hund i samband med träning och prov är därför störst i mötet med vildsvin. Djurvälfärdsriskerna för hund omfattar även psykisk påverkan, fysisk överansträngning, värmestress och vätskebrist vid höga utomhustemperaturer samt fysiska skador på grund av hägnets utformning och innehåll. Hur många hundar som skadas i samband med träning på hägnat vilt är dock oklart. Det finns rehabiliteringsanläggningar för jakthundar där hundarna kan tränas på hägnat vilt under mer kontrollerade former och därmed övervinna rädslor och oönskade beteenden. En hund som av olika orsaker blir rädd i samband med jakt, eller som uppvisar oönskade beteenden mot viltet, kan med hjälp av hägnat vilt antingen tränas ytterligare eller uteslutas från att användas vid jakt.En av grundförutsättningarna med träning och prov på vilda djur i hägn är att jaktsituationen ska efterlikna vanlig jakt. Detta innebär att det vilda djuret utsätts för ett hot, vilket i många fall sannolikt innebär stress för det vilda djuret. Hur stor stressituationen blir beror på hur djuret upplever hotet och om det lyckas kontrollera situationen. Vilda djur undviker i regel kontakt med människor och hundar. Att bli förföljd av en hund inne i hägnet är med stor sannolikhet en belastning för det vilda djuret, och även närvaro av hund utanför ett stängsel kan upplevas som ett hot. Träning och prov i hägn varierar med djurslag och anläggning och det vilda djuret har olika förutsättningar att hantera situationen, bland annat beroende på art och individuella skillnader. Förföljelse och jakt innebär sannolikt en betydande stress för vildsvin och hare. Även träning eller prov på älg och björn där hunden befinner sig utanför hägnet kan innebära stress för det vilda djuret. Situationen för det vilda djuret påverkas av faktorer som tidigare erfarenheter av hund och människor, hundens beteende, hur ofta och länge träningen eller proven pågår, hägnets storlek och utformning, samt om hägnet ger viltet möjlighet att undkomma hunden och situationen. Repetitiva moment skulle kunna vänja viltet vid hunden och situationen och för vissa individer innebära ett minskat upplevt hot och stressrespons. Negativ erfarenhet och förväntningar av hundträningen innebär dock en risk för upprepad och ackumulerad stress, vilket kan resultera i att djuret utsätts för ett upprepat och långvarigt lidande. Upplevelsen av repetitiva moment kan påverkas av individuella egenskaper, djurslagsskillnader och det sätt på vilket träningen eller proven utförs. Återkommande exponering för hund kan antingen leda till att det vilda djuret vänjer sig, habituering, eller blir mera känsligt, sensitisering.Hägnets utformning och skötsel har stor betydelse för viltets välfärd och djurskyddsproblem i hägn har noterats. Ett hägnat vilt djur som är kroniskt stressat vid undermålig djurhållning kan ha sämre förutsättningar att hantera den belastning som träning eller prov med hund kan innebära. De hägn för vilda djur som används vid träning och prov av hundar uppvisar stor variation i storlek och utformning. Gemensamt är att hägnet inskränker de vilda djurens naturliga beteenden, exempelvis möjligheten att förflytta sig längre sträckor. I de fall viltet flyttas till ett mindre hägn i samband med träning eller prov reduceras viltets möjligheter till naturliga beteenden ytterligare. Ett hägnat vilt djur som upplever en hotande fara, kan uppleva oro, rädsla och frustration. Detta kan leda till stress, främst när djuret inte kan undkomma eller bemöta hotet på samma sätt som om djuret varit frilevande. Stress uppstår när djuret inte kan kontrollera en situation, eller då kroppen utsätts för psykiska eller fysiska påfrestningar, som vid flyktförsök, värmestress, fysiska skador och smärta.Vildsvin i det vilda är ofta skygga och undviker en potentiell predator om de har möjlighet, men kan också försvara sig mot och även attackera sin förföljare om de blir trängda. Hur vildsvinen påverkas av att hållas instängda i hägn med begränsad möjlighet att undkomma hunden är inte studerat vetenskapligt, men i de fall hund förföljer vildsvinet innebär det troligen betydande rädsla och stress för vildsvinet. Studier har visat att jakt kan leda till att vildsvinen ändrar aktivitetsmönster och vistelseområde. Det finns också en risk att alltför aggressiva hundar tillfogar vildsvinen fysisk skada samtidigt som jakten även riskerar att vildsvin utsätts för värmestress då de har begränsade möjligheter att temperaturreglera sig. Hägn för vildsvin kan vara relativt stora, med en varierad och naturlig biotop. Eftersom hunden kan förfölja vildsvinen inne i hägnet innebär hägnet, oavsett storlek, att vildsvin har begränsade möjligheter att undkomma hunden och jakten i sig är sannolikt stressande. En studie har visat att det kan föreligga allvarliga djurskyddsproblem i vissa vildsvinshägn. Om detta även omfattar tränings- och provhägn skulle detta kunna påverka vildsvinens upplevelse och förmåga att hantera situationen vid jakt i hägn, men detta är inte studerat vetenskapligt.Älgar är flyktdjur som kan springa långa sträckor för att undkomma en angripare, men de kan också försvara sig när de känner sig trängda. Generellt kan älgar relativt lätt hållas i hägn och bli mycket vana vid människor och de förefaller ofta vara tämligen opåverkade vid möten med hundar. Vetenskapliga studier av hur älgar egentligen upplever situationen har Rådet inte funnit. En älg kan göra utfall mot en hund, men även i de fall älgen verkar lugn och opåverkad går det inte att utesluta att konfrontationen med hunden innebär stress för älgen, särskilt då hägnet kraftigt begränsar älgens naturliga flyktbeteende. Under träning eller prov hålls ofta älgen i ett mindre hägn för att hunden ska ges möjlighet att komma nära. Vid träning med hägnad älg har älgen begränsade möjligheter att avlägsna sig från eller komma undan hunden vilket skulle kunna leda till svårigheter för älgen att kontrollera situationen, vilket i sin tur kan ge upphov till stress. Eftersom älgar och hundar hålls åtskilda genom stängsel är risken för fysiska skador hos både hund och älg liten.Vilda björnar undviker normalt kontakt med människor och hundar. Att jagas av en hund har visat sig resultera i såväl beteendemässiga som fysiologiska förändringar vilket tyder på att björnen blir stressad. Exponering för en aktiv, skällande hund utanför hägnet kan upplevas som ett hot och leda till stress. Risken för stress ökar i en anläggning med litet tränings/provhägn, där björnen inte kan undkomma hunden eller kontrollera situationen. I ett litet hägn utan lämpliga biotoper eller fredad zon har björnen små möjligheter att avlägsna sig från hunden eller dölja sig. Situationen för björn vid träning eller prov med hund påverkas av faktorer som tillvänjning, tidigare erfarenheter av hundar och människor, hundens beteende, hur ofta och hur länge hundträningen/proven pågår samt hägnets storlek och utformning och om hägnet ger björnen möjligheter till naturligt beteende och att undkomma hunden. Björnens skötsel och miljö utöver prov-/träningstillfällena, liksom dess individuella förutsättningar påverkar också björnens välfärd, vilket också behöver tas hänsyn till vid bedömningen av björnens situation vid träning och prov med hund.Haren är ett bytesdjur och betraktar hunden som en predator. Haren flyr genom snabba rusher, men kan också försöka förvilla sin efterföljare genom längre hopp och blindspår. I hägn med hare tillåts jakthunden vara lös och jaga haren. Rådet har inte funnit några vetenskapliga studier av harar i den här typen av hägn men det finns studier av harars situation vid möte med hund i andra sammanhang, samt harars reaktion på predatorer generellt. Harar som utsattes för rävlukt minskade sin närvaro i dessa områden och hararnas vaksamhet ökade. Det finns skäl att anta att vilda harar kan reagera på lukt av hund på motsvarande sätt. Man kan anta att stressen för hare vid träningsjakt i hägn liknar den vid vanlig jakt. Skillnaden är att hägnet begränsar harens flyktvägar och även kan begränsa harens möjlighet till normalt flyktbeteende. Hur begränsande hägnet är beror på dess storlek, men eventuellt även dess placering, t.ex. närheten till människor och hundar som ger upphov till syn- eller luktintryck, samt dess utformning, inklusive förekomsten av naturliga förhållanden. Oavsett hägnets storlek och utformning är risken påtaglig att harens välfärd påverkas negativt av att bli jagad. Då harar har en sna
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| 5. |
- Berg, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Grävlingars lidande vid grytanlagsprov med levande grävling
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Grävlingar i Sverige jagas idag med flera olika jaktmetoder såsom fällor, vakjakt, jakt med ställande hund ovan jord och jakt med grythund under jord. Grythundar används för jakt, skyddsjakt och eftersök på räv, grävling och mårdhund vilket ställer krav på grythundarnas mentala och fysiska förmågor. Hundarna får inte visa ett uppenbart aggressivt beteende. Olika jaktprov används för att utvärdera hundens mentala och fysiska egenskaper som grythund. Därutöver medger de olika proven en värdering av hundens värde som avelsdjur. Grytanlagsprovens syfte är att bedöma hundars lämplighet vid grytjakt. Provet sker med en levande grävling i ett konstgjort gryt med tre olika gångar som leder fram till en så kallad kittel, där grävlingen är placerad. Kitteln är oftast en rund konstruktion med galler mellan hund och grävling för att undvika fysisk kontakt mellan djuren, kitteln kan vridas för att exponera grävlingen åt rätt håll, mot hunden. Domaren vrider således kitteln för att kunna bedöma hundens arbete med grävlingen. Grävlingar beskrivs som försiktiga djur som ytterst sällan reagerar aggressivt mot människor och som ofta blir skrämda redan vid lukten av en människa. Att vara instängd utan att kunna kontrollera eller undkomma situationen kan vara något av det mest stressande som ett vilt djur kan utsättas för. Det finns få vetenskapliga studier på grävling, men studier som publicerats som rapporter och examensarbeten avseende grävling i konstgryt har tillsammans med en vetenskaplig publikation på fällfångst av grävling visat att grävlingar gjort utfall mot hundar i provgryt, och att grävlingar som fångats i fällor har reagerat med flyktförsök. Djur som saknar möjlighet att kontrollera eller undkomma en stressande situation, kan bli passiva eller till och med uppvisa s.k. inlärd hjälplöshet varvid djuret ger upp och blir apatiskt. Studierna visade också att grävlingar som hade ett passivt beteende i samband med att de hölls instängda i gryt eller fälla ofta hade förhöjd hjärtfrekvens och förändrad kortisolkoncentration i träck, vilket kan tyda på att de upplevde stress. Fastän antalet djur i studierna är litet är detta en indikation på att även till synes lugna grävlingar kan vara stressade. Även om grävlingen vid grytanlagsprovet numera separeras från hunden med ett galler saknar grävlingen möjlighet att komma undan eller kontrollera situationen. Hunden uppfattas också sannolikt som predator av grävlingen. Även en tam eller inte helt vild grävling kan vara rädd för hundar. Grävlingens hundvana eller rädsla för hundar kan vara svår att bedöma eftersom även en till synes lugn grävling kan ha ett stresspåslag. Grävlingens situation och lidande måste bedömas inte bara under själva grytanlagsprovet och träningstillfällena utan under hela grävlingens liv, då den oftast tillbringar 8-10 år i hägn. Välfärden för grävlingen är därför även beroende av hägnets utformning och den dagliga skötseln. Infångande i hägnet liksom transport till provplatsen kan påverka 6 grävlingens välfärd i olika hög grad beroende på faktorer som grävlingens tamhet och tillvänjning, tidigare erfarenhet och förväntan, samt kompetensen hos de personer som hanterar och transporterar djuren. En grävling som är ovan och mindre tam stressas sannolikt mer än en tillvand och tamare individ. Förutom att användas vid grytanlagsprov används grävlingen även när unga hundar ska lära sig jaga. Omfattningen av denna träning är inte reglerad enligt Svenska kennelklubbens reglemente men enligt uppgift ska samma regler följas som vid grytanlagsprov. Det råder brist på vetenskapligt granskade studier på grävlingar och grytanlagsprov och det har inte tillkommit nya studier inom området sedan år 2006. Graden av lidandet för grävlingen beror främst på riskfaktorer som grävlingens oförmåga att kontrollera eller komma undan situationen, grävlingens tidigare erfarenheter, bristande tillvänjning, samt hundens agerande i provgrytet. Beroende på djurets subjektiva upplevelse av hållandet och av de olika ingående momenten kan graden och varaktigheten av lidande skilja sig åt mellan olika individer. För vissa individer kan lidandet röra sig om enstaka men upprepade moment, t.ex. enbart tiden i provgrytet. För andra individer kan lidandet ha en längre varaktighet samt en adderad effekt som ökar graden av lidande om exempelvis hägnets utformning inte möjliggör naturligt beteende och grävlingarna inte är tama vilket kan addera stress under infångande och transport. Sammantaget föreligger en påtaglig risk för lidande, som inte är obetydligt, för grävlingar som används för grytanlagsprov. Det kan på grund av individuella variationer i grävlingarnas beteende under grytanlagsprovet föreligga svårigheter att standardisera proven. Det kan också ifrågasättas om grävlingens beteende vid grytanlagsprov motsvarar ett möte med vild grävling. Hundar kan dessutom få utföra ett slutligt grytjaktprov på vild grävling i naturgryt utan att först ha gjort ett grytanlagsprov. Eventuella negativa effekter av ett icke utfört grytanlagsprov med levande grävling är oklara vid jaktprov på grävling i ett naturgryt. Ett alternativ till prov på levande grävling är att använda en attrapp. Användning av grävlingsattrapp möjliggör en standardisering av grytanlagsproven, samt kan ge ökade och mer lättillgängliga tränings- och testmöjligheter för hundarna. Detta förutsätter dock att attrappen är av tillräckligt hög kvalitet. I Danmark används idag rävattrapper, och det finns attrapp för grävling i Sverige, men utfallet av prov med sådana är oklar. Förutom att grävlingar inte skulle behöva hållas i fångenskap och riskera att utsättas för lidande skulle en väl fungerande och mer lättillgänglig attrapp kunna minska risken för att olämpliga eller otillräckligt tränade hundar utsätter sig själva eller viltet för lidande.
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| 6. |
- Bonagas, Nadilly, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacological targeting of MTHFD2 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by inducing thymidine depletion and replication stress
- 2022
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Ingår i: NATURE CANCER. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-1347. ; 3:2, s. 156-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The folate metabolism enzyme MTHFD2 (methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase) is consistently overexpressed in cancer but its roles are not fully characterized, and current candidate inhibitors have limited potency for clinical development. In the present study, we demonstrate a role for MTHFD2 in DNA replication and genomic stability in cancer cells, and perform a drug screen to identify potent and selective nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitors; protein cocrystal structures demonstrated binding to the active site of MTHFD2 and target engagement. MTHFD2 inhibitors reduced replication fork speed and induced replication stress followed by S-phase arrest and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo, with a therapeutic window spanning four orders of magnitude compared with nontumorigenic cells. Mechanistically, MTHFD2 inhibitors prevented thymidine production leading to misincorporation of uracil into DNA and replication stress. Overall, these results demonstrate a functional link between MTHFD2-dependent cancer metabolism and replication stress that can be exploited therapeutically with this new class of inhibitors. Helleday and colleagues describe a nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitor that causes replication stress and DNA damage accumulation in cancer cells via thymidine depletion, demonstrating a potential therapeutic strategy in AML tumors in vivo.
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| 7. |
- Born, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Gender and Willingness to Lead: Does the Gender Composition of Teams Matter?
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Review of Economics and Statistics. - : MIT Press - Journals. - 0034-6535 .- 1530-9142. ; 104:2, s. 259-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore how team gender composition affects willingness to lead by randomly assigning participants in an experiment to male- or female-majority teams. Irrespective of team gender composition, men are substantially more willing than women to lead their team. The pooled sample, and women separately, are more willing to lead female- than male-majority teams. An analysis of mechanisms reveals that a large share of the negative effect of male-majority teams on women's leadership aspirations is accounted for by a negative effect on women's confidence, influence, and expected support from team members.
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| 8. |
- Brodén, Cyrus, et al.
(författare)
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Low-dose CT-based implant motion analysis is a precise tool for early migration measurements of hip cups : a clinical study of 24 patients
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 91:3, s. 260-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose - Early implant migration is known to be a predictive factor of clinical loosening in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is the gold standard used to measure early migration in patients. However, RSA requires costly, specialized imaging equipment and the image process is complex. We determined the precision of an alternative, commercially available, CT method in 3 ongoing clinical THA studies, comprising 3 different cups.Materials and methods - 24 CT double examinations of 24 hip cups were selected consecutively from 3 ongoing prospective studies: 2 primary THA (1 cemented and 1 uncemented) and 1 THA (cemented) revision study. Precision of the CT-based implant motion analysis (CTMA) system was calculated separately for each study, using both the surface anatomy of the pelvis and metal beads placed in the pelvis.Results - For the CTMA analysis using the surface anatomy of the pelvis, the precision ranged between 0.07 and 0.31 mm in translation and 0.20° and 0.39° for rotation, respectively. For the CTMA analysis using beads the precision ranged between 0.08 and 0.20 mm in translation and between 0.20° and 0.43° for rotations. The radiation dose ranged between 0.2 and 2.3 mSv.Interpretation - CTMA achieved a clinically relevant and consistent precision between the 3 different hip cups studied. The use of different hip cup types, different CT scanners, or registration method (beads or surface anatomy) had no discernible effect on precision. Therefore, CTMA without the use of bone markers could potentially be an alternative to RSA to measure early migration.
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| 9. |
- Brum, Wagner S., et al.
(författare)
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Biological variation estimates of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers in healthy individuals
- 2024
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's and Dementia. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 20:2, s. 1284-1297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Blood biomarkers have proven useful in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. However, little is known about their biological variation (BV), which improves the interpretation of individual-level data. METHODS: We measured plasma amyloid beta (Aβ42, Aβ40), phosphorylated tau (p-tau181, p-tau217, p-tau231), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) in plasma samples collected weekly over 10weeks from 20 participants aged 40 to 60 years from the European Biological Variation Study. We estimated within- (CVI) and between-subject (CVG) BV, analytical variation, and reference change values (RCV). RESULTS: Biomarkers presented considerable variability in CVI and CVG. Aβ42/Aβ40 had the lowest CVI (≈ 3%) and p-tau181 the highest (≈ 16%), while others ranged from 6% to 10%. Most RCVs ranged from 20% to 30% (decrease) and 25% to 40% (increase). DISCUSSION: BV estimates for AD plasma biomarkers can potentially refine their clinical and research interpretation. RCVs might be useful for detecting significant changes between serial measurements when monitoring early disease progression or interventions. Highlights Plasma amyloid beta (Aβ42/Aβ40) presents the lowest between- and within-subject biological variation, but also changes the least in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients versus controls. Plasma phosphorylated tau variants significantly vary in their within-subject biological variation, but their substantial fold-changes in AD likely limits the impact of their variability. Plasma neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein demonstrate high between-subject variation, the impact of which will depend on clinical context. Reference change values can potentially be useful in monitoring early disease progression and the safety/efficacy of interventions on an individual level. Serial sampling revealed that unexpectedly high values in heathy individuals can be observed, which urges caution when interpreting AD plasma biomarkers based on a single test result.
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| 10. |
- Edberg, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Laser-induced graphitization of a forest-based ink for use in flexible and printed electronics
- 2020
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Ingår i: npj Flexible Electron.. - : Nature Research. - 2397-4621. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laser-induced graphitization (LIG) is a method of converting a carbon-rich precursor into a highly conductive graphite-like carbon by laser scribing. This method has shown great promise as a versatile and low-cost patterning technique. Here we show for the first time how an ink based on cellulose and lignin can be patterned using screen printing followed by laser graphitization. Screen printing is one of the most commonly used manufacturing techniques of printed electronics, making this approach compatible with existing processing of various devices. The use of forest-based materials opens the possibility of producing green and sustainable electronics. Pre-patterning of the ink enables carbon patterns without residual precursor between the patterns. We investigated the effect of the ink composition, laser parameters, and additives on the conductivity and structure of the resulting carbon and could achieve low sheet resistance of 3.8 Ω sq-1 and a high degree of graphitization. We demonstrated that the process is compatible with printed electronics and finally manufactured a humidity sensor which uses lignin as the sensing layer and graphitized lignin as the electrodes.
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| 11. |
- Eklund, Andreas Aldogan, et al.
(författare)
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Orchestrating an experiential value proposition : the case of a Scandinavian automotive manufacturer
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Business Review. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0955-534X .- 1758-7107. ; 34:5, s. 624-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This paper aims to advance the theoretical knowledge of how manufacturers develop a multisensory value proposition. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory case study with a global automotive manufacturer was conducted. Personal in-depth interviews with key informants within a manufacturer were performed to obtain in-depth knowledge and insights on how the manufacturer plans and designs a value proposition. Findings This paper reveals how a value proposition is created from a sensory marketing perspective, which includes orchestrating the sensory experience, harmonising sensory cues to ensure they provide a consistent experience, thereby providing a memorable experience. Practical implications Understanding how to offer value might assist managers in tailoring a unique experiential value proposition to position the brand. Originality/value This paper proposes a theoretical framework, enriching the understanding of the underlying mechanisms used to create an experiential value proposition. The framework illustrates that harmonising sensory cues based on brand-related stimuli fosters a memorable experience, which enables consumers to (sub)consciously infer value.
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| 12. |
- Erlingsson, Gissur Ó, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Är reformer smittsamma? : en forskning om tröghet och förändring i kommunsektorn
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den svenska kommunsektorn står inför tuffa utmaningar. Trots att den svenska befolkningen ökat med nästan två miljoner invånare sedan 1970-talets mitt har omkring hälften av kommunerna färre invånare idag jämfört med då. I början av 2023 hade knappt 50 kommuner färre än 8 000 invånare. Det var den minimigräns som 1961 års indelningssakkunniga ansåg vara nödvändig för bärkraftiga kommuner när kommunblocksreformen påbörjades 1962 (SOU 1961:9). Oberoende av invånarantal och skattebas har alla kommuner samma skyldigheter. De bär ansvar för och fördelar resurser kring flera av välfärdsstatens kärnområden, såsom förskola, grundskola, gymnasium, individ- och familjeomsorg samt äldreomsorg. Den ändrade demografi som en åldrande befolkning innebär sätter tveklöst mycket hård press på kommunerna och den svenska välfärden.
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| 13. |
- Fritsch, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental and Computational Study of 2D Smooth Wall Turbulent Boundary Layers in Pressure Gradient
- 2022
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Ingår i: AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2022. - Reston, Virginia : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a collaborative experimental and computational study of smooth wall boundary layers in a systematic family of favorable and adverse pressure gradients. The objective is to advance turbulence modeling of these flows, in particular the effects of pressure gradients that can be classified as non-equilibrium. This collaboration is a component of the larger NATO AVT-349 Research Task Group. Experiments under this effort are conducted at Virginia Tech and computational efforts are presented from Virginia Tech, the German Aerospace Center (DLR), the University of Melbourne, Chalmers University of Technology, the Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN) in conjunction with the University of Lisbon Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) (MARIN/IST), and the Sirehna Naval Group. This paper describes some of the key elements of the experimental and computational approaches, the efforts made for cross-discipline collaboration, verification, and validation, and reports on some initial results and findings. The agreement between various RANS solutions and RANS turbulence models and between RANS solutions and experiment are generally good, but questions remain as to the efficacy of RANS modeling for non-equilibrium boundary layer flows and some potential directions for future investigations are suggested.
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| 14. |
- García-Mayoral, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling of high-Re, incompressible, non-equilibrium, rough-wall boundary layers for naval applications under NATO-AVT349
- 2022
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Ingår i: AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2022. - Reston, Virginia : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the modeling activity of the NATO-STO Research Task Group AVT-349. The aim of this group is to improve the understanding and modeling of boundary layers in the complex flow around water vehicles. As such, the focus is on incompressible, high-Reynolds-number flows that can be subject to non-equilibrium conditions such as strong pressure gradients, three-dimensionality, and surface roughness and heterogeneity. The Task Group has identified a reduced number of simpler problems in which the above conditions can be studied separately and in controlled environments. These include two-dimensional rough-wall boundary layers under both zero and non-zero pressure gradients, two-dimensional smooth-wall boundary layers subject to pressure gradients, and boundary layers around smooth bodies of revolution and three-dimensional obstacles. An experimental and computational data set is being assembled for further analysis and insight into the flow mechanisms involved, as well as the shortcomings of state-of-the-art models. This paper gives an outlook of the modeling effort within the Task Group, as well its different objectives. These include predicting the effect of roughness in equilibrium conditions; assessing the applicability and/or extension of equilibrium models and predictions to non-equilibrium conditions, in particular when outer-layer similarity is lost; the development of near-wall models based on a reduced-order resolvent framework; and the use of machine-aided methods in closure models.
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| 15. |
- Hindér, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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On Ski–Snow Contact Mechanics During the Double Poling Cycle in Cross-Country Skiing
- 2024
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Ingår i: Tribology letters. - : Springer. - 1023-8883 .- 1573-2711. ; 72:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Of the medals awarded during the Winter Olympics Games, most are awarded for sports involving cross-country (XC) skiing. The Double Poling (DP) technique, which is one of the sub-techniques used most frequently in XC skiing, has not yet been studied using simulations of the ski–snow contact mechanics. This work introduces a novel method for analysing how changes in the distribution of pressure on the sole of the foot (Plantar Pressure Distribution or PPD) during the DP motion affect the contact between the ski and the snow. The PPD recorded as the athlete performed DP, along with an Artificial Neural Network trained to predict the geometry of the ski (ski-camber profile), were used as input data for a solver based on the boundary element method, which models the interaction between the ski and the snow. This solver provides insights into how the area of contact and the distribution of pressure on the ski-snow interface change over time. The results reveal that variations in PPD, the type of ski, and the stiffness of the snow all have a significant impact on the contact between the ski and the snow. This information can be used to improve the Double Poling technique and make better choices of skis for specific snow conditions, ultimately leading to improved performance.
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| 16. |
- Jonsson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Who is Baptized? A Study of Socioeconomic, Regional and Gender Differences in Child Baptism in the Church of Sweden, 2005 and 2015
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Religion and Society. - : Scandinavian University Press / Universitetsforlaget AS. - 0809-7291 .- 1890-7008. ; 33:2, s. 72-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In less than 15 years, child baptism has gone from being a mainstream tradition to a minority practice. This decline is a result of both high unaffiliation, especially with the Church of Sweden, and a more diversified religious society due to migration. Using microdata from parents of children born in 2005 and 2015, we were able to discern that differences in the practice of child baptism in the Church of Sweden are positively associated with the parents' relation to the church, residence in rural areas, and income. Our LPM analysis shows that the probability of a child being baptized are mainly determined by the parents' relation to the church when controlling for all the other variables. The most influential factors are the mother's affiliation and an urban lifestyle. Parents' marital status and socioeconomic circumstances have a strong effect on the decision to baptize a child, therefore affecting who becomes a future member of the church.
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| 17. |
- Kalliorinne, Kalle, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of the Contact between Cross-Country Skis and Snow: A Macro-Scale Investigation of the Apparent Contact
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lubricants. - : MDPI. - 2075-4442. ; 10:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a cross-country skiing competition, the time difference between the winner and the skier coming in at second place is typically very small. Since the skier spends much of the energy on overcoming resistive forces, a relatively small reduction in these forces can have a significant impact on the results. The resistive forces come partly from the friction, at the tribological interface between the ski and the snow, and as with many tribological processes, the characterisation of its origin plays an important role in determining the frictional properties. Furthermore, in cross-country ski friction, there are several scales impacting the frictional performance, with the major contributors being the ski-camber profile and ski-base structure. Macro-scale measurements of the ski-camber profile under loading are often used to determine how adequate the ski is for use under specific conditions. The characteristic properties usually assessed are the force required to collapse the ski in order to obtain a certain camber height, the topography of the kick-wax zone, and the length (determined by simple means) of the frictional interfaces associated with the rear- and front glide zones, i.e., the apparent contact length. These measurements are, however, commonly performed by loading the ski against a much stiffer counter surface than snow and this affects the quantification of the characteristic properties. To date, some mathematical models have been proposed, but there is no reliable approach for determining the macro-scale properties of the contact between a cross-country ski and a counter surface using simulations. In the present paper, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been trained to predict the ski-camber profile for various loads applied at different positions. A well-established deterministic approach has been employed to simulate the contact between the ANN-predicted ski-camber profile and a linearly elastic body with a flat upper surface, representing the snow. Our findings indicate that this method is feasible for the determination of relevant macro-scale contact characteristics of different skis with snow. Moreover, we show that the apparent contact area does not linearly depend on the load and that the material properties of the counter surface also exert a large impact when quantifying the apparent contact area and the average apparent contact pressure.
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| 18. |
- Kalliorinne, Kalle, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of the Contact between Cross-Country Skis and Snow: A Micro-Scale Study Considering the Ski-Base Texture
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Lubricants. - : MDPI. - 2075-4442. ; 11:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In winter sports, the equipment often comes into contact with snow or ice, and this contact generates a force that resists motion. In some sports, such as cross-country skiing, this resistive force can significantly affect the outcome of a race, as a small reduction in this force can give an athlete an advantage. Researchers have examined the contact between skis and snow in detail, and to fully understand this friction, the entire ski must be studied at various scales. At the macro scale, the entire geometry of the ski is considered and the apparent contact between the ski and the snow is considered and at the micro-scale the contact between the snow and the ski-base textures. In the present work, a method for characterising the contact between the ski-base texture and virtual snow will be presented. Six different ski-base textures will be considered. Five of them are stone-ground ski bases, and three of them have longitudinal linear textures with a varying number of lines and peak-to-valley heights, and the other two are factory-ground “universal” ski bases. The sixth ski base has been fabricated by a steel-scraping procedure. In general, the results show that a ski base texture with a higher ??? value has less real contact area, and that the mutual differences can be large for surfaces with similar ?? values. The average interfacial separation is, in general, correlated with the ?? value, where a “rougher” surface exhibits a larger average interfacial separation. The results for the reciprocal average interfacial separation, which is related to the Couette type of viscous friction, were in line with the general consensus that a “rougher” texture performs better at high speed than a “smoother” one, and it was found that a texture with high ?? and ??? values resulted in a low reciprocal average interfacial separation and consequently low viscous friction. The reciprocal average interfacial separation was found to increase with increasing real contact area, indicating a correlation between the real area of contact and the Couette part of the viscous friction.
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| 19. |
- Kalliorinne, Kalle, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of the Contact between Cross-Country Skis and Snow: On the Multi-Scale Interaction between Ski Geometry and Ski-Base Texture
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Lubricants. - : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). - 2075-4442. ; 11:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In elite endurance sports, marginal differences in finishing times drive ongoing equipment improvement to enhance athlete performance. In cross-country skiing, researchers, since the 1930s, have faced the challenge of minimising the resistance caused by friction in the contact between skis and snow. This study was designed to evaluate the multi-scale interaction between the macro-scale ski-camber profile and the micro-scale ski-base texture. Considerations included real contact area, average interfacial separation, and total reciprocal interfacial separation between the ski and snow, which are properties that are intimately coupled to ski–snow friction. We found that both the profile of the ski camber and the texture of the ski base play decisive roles in determining viscous friction. At the same time, the texture of the ski base exerts a greater impact on the average real contact pressure, real contact area, and minimal average interfacial separation between the ski and snow than the ski-camber profile.
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| 20. |
- Kalliorinne, Kalle, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of cross-country skiers' tucking position on ski-camber profile, apparent contact area and load partitioning
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P. - : SAGE Publications. - 1754-3371.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In cross-country skiing races, the difference between the fastest and the second fastest time can be minuscule. As in all endurance sports, cross-country skiing requires the use of energy to overcome resistive forces, in this case primarily aerodynamic drag and friction between the skis and snow. Even a slight reduction in either of these can determine the outcome of a race. The geometry of the ski exerts a profound influence on the friction between the skis and snow. As a result of the flexible modern cross-country skis, the camber profile and gliding properties to be influenced by the skiers' position. Here, based on the location of the normal force corresponding to the plantar pressure, we characterize the ski camber while performing three variations of the downhill tucking position. We found that when gliding on a classic ski, the risk of contact between the kick wax and snow can be reduced by tucking in a leaning backwards position (i.e. by moving the skier's center of mass backwards). With the tucking position, the percentage of the skier's body weight that is distributed onto the friction interface at the rear of the skis varies between 63.5% in Gear 7 (leaning forward) on a skating ski and 93.0% in Gear 7 (leaning backwards) on a classic ski.
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| 21. |
- Luttens, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Ultralarge Virtual Screening Identifies SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors with Broad-Spectrum Activity against Coronaviruses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 144:7, s. 2905-2920
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 could have saved millions of lives during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it is now crucial to develop inhibitors of coronavirus replication in preparation for future outbreaks. We explored two virtual screening strategies to find inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease in ultralarge chemical libraries. First, structure-based docking was used to screen a diverse library of 235 million virtual compounds against the active site. One hundred top-ranked compounds were tested in binding and enzymatic assays. Second, a fragment discovered by crystallographic screening was optimized guided by docking of millions of elaborated molecules and experimental testing of 93 compounds. Three inhibitors were identified in the first library screen, and five of the selected fragment elaborations showed inhibitory effects. Crystal structures of target-inhibitor complexes confirmed docking predictions and guided hit-to-lead optimization, resulting in a noncovalent main protease inhibitor with nanomolar affinity, a promising in vitro pharmacokinetic profile, and broad-spectrum antiviral effect in infected cells.
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| 22. |
- Melinder, Jens, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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The Lyα Reference Sample. XIV. Lyα Imaging of 45 Low-redshift Star-forming Galaxies and Inferences on Global Emission
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 266:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present Lyα imaging of 45 low-redshift star-forming galaxies observed with the Hubble Space Telescope. The galaxies have been selected to have moderate to high star formation rates (SFRs) using far-ultraviolet (FUV) luminosity and Hα equivalent width criteria, but no constraints on Lyα luminosity. We employ a pixel stellar continuum fitting code to obtain accurate continuum-subtracted Lyα, Hα, and Hβ maps. We find that Lyα is less concentrated than FUV and optical line emission in almost all galaxies with significant Lyα emission. We present global measurements of Lyα and other quantities measured in apertures designed to capture all of the Lyα emission. We then show how the escape fraction of Lyα relates to a number of other measured quantities (mass, metallicity, star formation, ionization parameter, and extinction). We find that the escape fraction is strongly anticorrelated with nebular and stellar extinction, weakly anticorrelated with stellar mass, but no conclusive evidence for correlations with other quantities. We show that Lyα escape fractions are inconsistent with common dust extinction laws, and discuss how a combination of radiative transfer effects and clumpy dust models can help resolve the discrepancies. We present an SFR calibration based on Lyα luminosity, where the equivalent width of Lyα is used to correct for nonunity escape fraction, and show that this relation provides a reasonably accurate SFR estimate. We also show stacked growth curves of Lyα for the galaxies that can be used to find aperture loss fractions at a given physical radius.
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| 23. |
- Park, Chang Hyun, Postdoctoral Researcher, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Every Walk's a Hit : Making Page Walks Single-Access Cache Hits
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS ’22), February 28 – March 4, 2022, Lausanne, Switzerland. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As memory capacity has outstripped TLB coverage, large data applications suffer from frequent page table walks. We investigate two complementary techniques for addressing this cost: reducing the number of accesses required and reducing the latency of each access. The first approach is accomplished by opportunistically "flattening" the page table: merging two levels of traditional 4 KB page table nodes into a single 2 MB node, thereby reducing the table's depth and the number of indirections required to traverse it. The second is accomplished by biasing the cache replacement algorithm to keep page table entries during periods of high TLB miss rates, as these periods also see high data miss rates and are therefore more likely to benefit from having the smaller page table in the cache than to suffer from increased data cache misses.We evaluate these approaches for both native and virtualized systems and across a range of realistic memory fragmentation scenarios, describe the limited changes needed in our kernel implementation and hardware design, identify and address challenges related to self-referencing page tables and kernel memory allocation, and compare results across server and mobile systems using both academic and industrial simulators for robustness.We find that flattening does reduce the number of accesses required on a page walk (to 1.0), but its performance impact (+2.3%) is small due to Page Walker Caches (already 1.5 accesses). Prioritizing caching has a larger effect (+6.8%), and the combination improves performance by +9.2%. Flattening is more effective on virtualized systems (4.4 to 2.8 accesses, +7.1% performance), due to 2D page walks. By combining the two techniques we demonstrate a state-of-the-art +14.0% performance gain and -8.7% dynamic cache energy and -4.7% dynamic DRAM energy for virtualized execution with very simple hardware and software changes.
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| 24. |
- Ramos Caceres, Cristina, et al.
(författare)
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Data-Center Farming: Exploring the Potential of Industrial Symbiosis in a Subarctic Region
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 14:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As our world becomes increasingly digitalized, data centers as operational bases for these technologies lead to a consequent increased release of excess heat into the surrounding environment. This paper studies the challenges and opportunities of industrial symbiosis between data centers’ excess heat and greenhouse farming, specifically utilizing the north of Sweden as a case study region. The region was selected in a bid to tackle the urgent urban issue of self-sufficiency in local food production. A synergetic approach towards engaging stakeholders from different sectors is presented through a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to facilitate resilient data-center-enabled food production. The paper delivers on possible future solutions on implementing resource efficiency in subarctic regions.
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| 25. |
- Risberg, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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A configurational approach to last mile logistics practices and omni-channel firm characteristics for competitive advantage : a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0960-0035 .- 1758-664X. ; 53:11, s. 53-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The purpose is to explore how the configurations resulting from the interplay of last mile logistics practices and firm characteristics are associated with firm performance in an omni-channel context. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on configuration theory (CT), the authors use fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyze data on 72 Swedish omni-channel retailers. Findings Four configurations are identified—store-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises (SME's), online-oriented SME's, large store-oriented retailers and large online-oriented retailers. The results show that while offering a wide range of delivery options is necessary to achieve high performance, it is not sufficient, and that returns and fulfilment should be simultaneously considered. For instance, large high-performers leverage their stores and warehouses for fulfilment and returns in an integrated way irrespective of sales channel-mix. However, SME's appear to focus on fulfilment simplicity with less-costly delivery alternatives, where store-oriented SME's leverage stores and the online-oriented counterparts leverage warehouses. Consequently, the authors develop a configurational taxonomy and discuss a set of recipes which provide insights for researchers and practitioners. Research limitations/implications The study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the pathways to success, and potential pitfalls, in the last mile logistics context. Originality/value This study applies a novel methodology in the field, namely fsQCA, to explore the paths to competitive advantage. It covers a wide range of stages in the LM including back-end fulfilment, delivery and returns. It also provides insight into the logistics practices of both SME's and large omni-channel retailers.
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| 26. |
- Risberg, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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A configurational approach to last mile logistics practices and omni-channel firm characteristics for competitive advantage: a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis
- 2023
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0960-0035 .- 1758-664X. ; 53:11, s. 53-70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose is to explore how the configurations resulting from the interplay of last mile logistics practices and firm characteristics are associated with firm performance in an omni-channel context. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on configuration theory (CT), the authors use fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyze data on 72 Swedish omni-channel retailers.Findings – Four configurations are identified—store-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises (SME’s), online-oriented SME’s, large store-oriented retailers and large online-oriented retailers. The results show that while offering a wide range of delivery options is necessary to achieve high performance, it is not sufficient, and that returns and fulfilment should be simultaneously considered. For instance, large high-performers leverage their stores and warehouses for fulfilment and returns in an integrated way irrespective of sales channel-mix. However, SME’s appear to focus on fulfilment simplicity with less-costly delivery alternatives, where store- oriented SME’s leverage stores and the online-oriented counterparts leverage warehouses. Consequently, the authors develop a configurational taxonomy and discuss a set of recipes which provide insights for researchers and practitioners.Research limitations/implications – The study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the pathways to success, and potential pitfalls, in the last mile logistics context.Originality/value – This study applies a novel methodology in the field, namely fsQCA, to explore the paths to competitive advantage. It covers a wide range of stages in the LM including back-end fulfilment, delivery and returns. It also provides insight into the logistics practices of both SME’s and large omni-channel retailers.
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| 27. |
- Rodrigues, Clarinda, et al.
(författare)
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Co-creation of multi-sensory brand experiences : a manufacturer perspective
- 2022
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Ingår i: Research Handbook on Brand Co-Creation. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781839105418 - 9781839105425 ; , s. 138-152
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While brands are among the most valuable assets for companies and serve as a basis for competitive advantage, limited research exists on how manufacturers in the luxury car segment interact with their stakeholders in the value co-creation process. A review of the main theories on brand co-creation, value creation, and sensory marketing is used together with a case study of a global car manufacturer in the premium segment to explore the co-creation of multi-sensory experiences within the car’s interior. Our findings show that co-creation of these experiences is achieved by employing a brand heritage theme in designing a value proposition. Suppliers contribute with competence, knowledge, and skills in ideating the car´s interior, while consumers assist the manufacturer to identify which factors contribute to an outstanding multisensory experience. A framework for understanding the co-creation of multi-sensory brand experiences is proposed reflecting the contribution of stakeholders in this process.
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| 28. |
- Sandberg, Dick, et al.
(författare)
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Forming, Densification and Molding
- 2023
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Ingår i: Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 9783030813147 - 9783030813154 ; , s. 943-989
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important principle in product design is the Form follows Function principle. The forming processes are basically divided into cutting and chipless manufacturing processes. Chipless forming has the advantage of manufacturing parts without any interruption or damage to the natural fiber orientation in the wood, so that parts can be made considering the force progression. In this chapter, forming, densification, and molding deal with different forming technologies of wood. The description of the wood-bending process focuses on historical technologies. Basic considerations are discussed in the two-dimensional bending and three-dimensional forming of veneer. The densification of wood, which is a more recent technology, is also explained in this chapter, and the molding of wood-plastic composites, especially in extrusion and injection molding processes, and shaping by additive (generative) processes are also considered.
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| 29. |
- Sandberg, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Free-Gliding Ski Tribometer for Quantification of Ski–Snow Friction with High Precision
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tribology letters. - : Springer Nature. - 1023-8883 .- 1573-2711. ; 71:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nature of snow and the ever-changing environment makes measuring friction on snow and ice challenging. Additionally, due to the low friction involved, the equipment used must exhibit high sensitivity. Previous investigations of ski–snow friction have ranged from small-scale model experiments performed in the laboratory to experiments with full-sized skis outdoors. However, few have been conducted under conditions similar to those encountered during actual skiing. Here, we present a novel sled tribometer which provides highly reproducible coefficient of friction (COF) values for full-sized skis gliding at relevant speeds (approximately 5.9 m/s) in a controlled indoor environment. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the COF is as low as 0.5%. The continuous recording of velocity allows for innovative investigations into COF variations when skis are permitted to free-glide in a natural setting. Different methods of analysing the results are presented which shows that the precision is not a single number, but a function of the range of velocities over which the average COF is calculated.
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| 30. |
- Sandberg, Johan V, et al.
(författare)
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Proteins associated with future suicide attempts in bipolar disorder: A large-scale biomarker discovery study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suicide is a major cause of death worldwide. Several biological systems have been implicated in suicidal behavior but studies of candidate biomarkers have failed to produce clinically relevant biomarkers for suicide prediction. The objective of the present study was to identify novel candidate biomarkers for suicidal behavior. We used a nested case-control study design where a large cohort of patients with bipolar disorder (N = 5 110) were followed up to 8 years after blood sampling. We included patients that attempted suicide during follow-up (N = 348) and matched bipolar disorder patients from the same cohort who did not attempt suicide during the study period (N = 348) and analyzed a total of 92 proteins with a neuro exploratory multiplex panel. Using a multivariate classification algorithm devised to minimize bias in variable selection, we identified a parsimonious set of proteins that best discriminated bipolar disorder patients with and without prospective suicide attempts. The algorithm selected 16 proteins for the minimal-optimal classification model, which outperformed 500 models with permuted outcome (p = 0.0004) but had low sensitivity (53%) and specificity (64%). The candidate proteins were then entered in separate logistic regression models to calculate protein-specific associations with prospective suicide attempts. In individual analyses, three of these proteins were significantly associated with prospective suicide attempt (SCGB1A1, ANXA10, and CETN2). Most of the candidate proteins are novel to suicide research.
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| 31. |
- Sandberg, Mattias, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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From Onlookers to Ecosystem-Assistants: Exploring the Potentials of Ecological Restoration Education
- 2021
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Ingår i: Hobohm C. (eds) Perspectives for Biodiversity and Ecosystems. Environmental Challenges and Solutions. Springer, Cham.. - Cham : Springer, Cham. - 2214-2827 .- 2214-2835. - 9783030577094
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter introduces the concept and practice of “ecological restoration education” (ERE) as a novel pedagogical approach for schoolchildren. ERE combines insights from the field of “outdoor education” and “ecological restoration” and has the overarching objective of fostering learning about biodiversity through practical experience of ecosystem restoration. This chapter draws on experiences from an ERE-project in Sweden called Skolbäcken run by the Swedish Anglers Association. The aim of the chapter is to describe and discuss ERE as a potential strategy to spread interest about the importance of biodiversity and ecosystem management among future generations.
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| 32. |
- Skriver Hansen, Andreas, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Reshaping the outdoors through education: exploring the potentials and challenges of ecological restoration education
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2206-3110 .- 2522-879X. ; 23:1, s. 57-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores and critically discusses a new concept with relevance to outdoor and environmental education: Ecological Restoration Education (ERE). The background of ERE is a recently launched project by the Swedish Anglers Association (SAA) called ‘Skolbäcken’ with an aim to teach children about fish and fish habitats, and how to protect and conserve both, through practical restoration activities. The project is a reaction to an awakening concern about children’s reduced contact with and understanding of nature, both in the Scandinavian countries and elsewhere in the world. With a point of departure in this concern and project Skolbäcken, the paper explores the idea and practice of ERE, drawing from its conceptual roots; ‘ecological restoration’ and ‘outdoor education’. Results show a concept that is both timely and relevant, as it not only emphasizes the critique of the children-nature disconnect, but also con-tributes with strategies to meet the critique with solutions that are appreciated both by the children and by their teachers. However, there are also important challenges, including concerns about normative education and the ‘projectification’ of ERE and how these factors may influence the short or long term success and potential continuation of ERE as a learning strategy in schools. Future needs in terms of further grounding of ERE are also discussed.
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| 33. |
- Tyrrell, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Insights from health and social care professionals supporting children and young adults with a parent diagnosed with dementia : An interview study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Health & Social Care in the Community. - 0966-0410 .- 1365-2524. ; 2024:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dementia is recognised as one of the major global health and social care challenges of present times. When the onset of dementia occurs in midlife, there is an increased possibility that there are children and young adults involved who are dependent on the parent concerned. The aim of the study was to describe health and social care professionals’ experiences of identifying and supporting children and young adults with a parent with dementia. A qualitative descriptive approach was carried out with individual interviews of health and social care professionals, using a semistructured interview guide. Thirteen participants in rural and urban areas in Sweden were interviewed. The overarching theme, advocating a forgotten group with three categories were identified. They combine and reflect health and social care professionals’ experiences of identifying and supporting children and young adults with a parent with dementia. Health and social care professionals who encountered children and young adults with a parent with dementia described how they were not sufficiently trained in supporting this group and identified a general shortage of available appropriate support services. The children and young adults were also described as a forgotten and overlooked group in need of affirmation and support in a more systematic way.
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