| 1. |
- Lökk, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Shifts in B12 opinions in primary health care of Sweden.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 29:2, s. 122-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The diagnosis and management of vitamin B12 deficiency varies between countries and within countries. The aim of the study was to map current attitudes and values behind clinical decision-making in Swedish primary health care, which has a unique B12 tradition: two patients out of three are treated with oral high-dose cyanocobalamin. Most patients with B12-associated problems are managed in primary health care by general practitioners (GPs). METHODS: The study was designed to elucidate possible opinion shifts among GPs during the period 1996-1998. GPs (n=499), stratified and randomized, received a questionnaire with 24 statements on B12-associated clinical and laboratory problems, to be evaluated by a visuo-analogue scale. RESULTS: The majority of GPs in primary health care in Sweden accepted homocysteine and methylmalonic acid (MMA) as markers for functional deficiency of vitamin B12. The evaluation of classical markers of B12 deficiency was wary and balanced. There was a consensus of the need for B12 therapy to risk groups such as patients with atrophic gastritis or previous gastric surgery. The answers also appeared to reflect an improvement of professional knowledge and competence concerning B12-associated problems among Swedish GPs between 1996 and 1998. CONCLUSIONS: The overriding conclusion was that B12-associated opinions of Swedish GPs were stable within the period studied, with marginal improvements of knowledge and competence.
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| 2. |
- Lökk, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin B12 in primary health care and geriatrics - attitudes, knowledge, competence.
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 0885-6230 .- 1099-1166. ; 16:10, s. 987-992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to test attitudes, knowledge and competence of Swedish general practitioners and geriatricians concerning B12-associated problems in 1998. METHODS: Postal questionnaires were sent to a random sample of 485 GPs and a total sample of 613 geriatricians. The response rates were 70% in the GP group and 69% in the geriatrician group. The questionnaire contained 24 statements to be evaluated by a visuo-analogue scale. RESULTS: There were small numerical differences between the two physician groups. The geriatricians were more aware of risk groups for B12 deficiency. GPs were less categorical concerning low hit rate in the laboratory testing of clinical conclusions. There were statistical differences in both directions for statements on pitfalls in laboratory diagnostics. GPs were somewhat less prone to give risk groups prophylactic B12 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: GPs and geriatricians appeared to be familiar with the current debate on B12-associated problems, suggesting that health care quality will be unaffected by patient transfer from hospital care to primary health care. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in cobalamin (vitamin B12) opinions of Swedish physicians.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 56:4, s. 299-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to elucidate possible sex differences in knowledge, competence and attitudes behind decision-making on cobalamin-associated problems (vitamin B(12)). The study was conducted by postal questionnaires to Swedish physicians in 1996-98. The participants were recruited by random sampling of general practitioners (1996, 1998), and a total sampling of geriatricians (1998). The overall response rate was 71%. The study group comprised 480 female physicians and 526 male physicians. The responses to 24 statements in the questionnaire were measured by means of visual analogue scales. Group differences were evaluated by medians and shapes of distributions. The female doctors appeared to value patient-related symptoms and signs more than male doctors. Conversely, male doctors relied on laboratory tests more than female doctors. As reflected by questionnaire answers, female doctors appeared to be more informed than male doctors on cobalamin-associated clinical problems. Group differences between the sexes were marginal from a numerical point of view. It is suggested that the statistical differences observed should be regarded as negligible until confirmed by further studies.
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| 4. |
- Blomquist, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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From issues to checkpoints and back :
- 2004
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Ingår i: Business Strategy and the Environment. - : Wiley. - 0964-4733 .- 1099-0836. ; 13:6, s. 363-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Gelin, Johan, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment efficacy of intermittent claudication by surgical intervention, supervised physical exercise training compared to no treatment in unselected randomised patients I: one year results of functional and physiological improvements.
- 2001
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Ingår i: European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884. ; 22:2, s. 107-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: to compare the effect of surgery, exercise and simple observation on maximum exercise power in claudicants. Design: prospective, randomised study. METHODS: a total of 264 unselected claudicants were randomised to supervised exercise training, invasive treatment (open surgical or endovascular procedures) or observation. One year treatment outcomes were analysed on an intention to-treat basis. RESULTS: invasively treated patients showed a significant improvement in maximum walking power, stopping distance, post-ischaemic blood flow and big toe pressure at one year. Patients randomised to physical exercise training or to the control group did not improve in any outcome measure. CONCLUSION: invasive treatment increased walking capacity, leg blood pressure and flow. Supervised physical exercise training offered no therapeutic advantage compared to untreated controls.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Sandström, Johan
(författare)
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Green issues in product development
- 2001
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Ingår i: Greener manufacturing and operations. - Sheffield : Routledge. - 9781351282246 - 9781874719427 - 187471942X ; , s. 83-90
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Sandström, Johan
(författare)
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Organizational approaches to greening : technocentrism and beyond
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- How and why do organizations approach greening? How can we conceptualize approaches and how can we encourage reflexive dialogues on them? These are the main questions addressed in this qualitative study on organizational greening. The study sets off by discussing matters of research philosophy, arguing that our trust in science ought to be revised and that a more postmodern and constructionist philosophy might be a way to go. This is then followed by a theoretical review, showing that organizational studies have a history in environmental issues, but that it is basically technocentric in orientation. A more reflexive organizational approach is suggested. The empirical part of the study is based on qualitative research of five case studies, representing a mix of organizations situated in Sweden, all with an explicit ambition to approach greening. The analyses target the organizations' approaches from practice to assumptions, pointing at the commonalities as well as the tensions. Basically, greening was an issue for all studied organizations, but an increasing pressure to market-orient their operations in line with the business rhetoric dominated their identity construction. The environment was included if there were opportunities of win-win situations between environment and economy in sight. Once embarked upon, the organizations tended to focus on technocratic practices, developing or implementing management systems, product development indexes, life-cycle methodologies and other tools. On a more philosophical level, in the study referred to as the worldview level, the approaches were predominandy characterized by a representative epistemology and a dualistic ontology, that is, they were clearly anthropocentric. With a base in these findings, an alternative approach is discussed as a way out, or as a way of constructing a reflexive dialogue on greening. This is partly based on the tensions within and between the cases, which encouraged reflections on how greening was approached. In the alternative, organizations are seen as actors on a symbolic agora where transparency, participation and self-reflexivity are keys to organizational legitimacy. This view frames organizations in the dominating approach as agoraphobic producers of materialistically dependent satisfiers. The alternative also targets the limits of a preference and materialistically oriented view on die satisfaction of human needs. Instead, it is argued that environmental and cultural sensitivity should be acknowledged as natural parts of organizational greening. This, however, demands more room for reflexive dialogues encouraging ontological awareness and a respect for more ecocentric views.
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| 12. |
- Taft, Charles, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment efficacy of intermittent claudication by invasive therapy, supervised physical exercise training compared to no treatment in unselected randomised patients II: one-year results of health-related quality of life.
- 2001
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Ingår i: European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884. ; 22:2, s. 114-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: to compare the effectiveness of invasive therapy, supervised physical training and no treatment in terms of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). DESIGN: a prospective, randomised, controlled study. MATERIALS: a total of 253 unselected patients with stable IC were sequentially randomised into 3 balanced treatment groups. At 1 year follow-up data from a battery of generic and disease specific HRQL questionnaires, and global indices of quality of life and physical condition were available in 171 patients. RESULTS: compared with a non-diseased reference group, claudicants were substantially limited in daily physical functioning, but little affected regarding emotional, cognitive and social functioning, or well-being. Invasive therapy yielded significantly greater improvements in some aspects of physical functioning and walk-related symptoms than training. Training was not superior to invasive therapy on any HRQL dimension and superior to no treatment on only one dimension. Treatment effects, however, were generally small-to-moderate and levels of physical dysfunction in all groups remained higher than reference values. CONCLUSIONS: invasive therapy is more effective than supervised training in alleviating illness-specific symptoms and improving certain aspects of physical functioning - the primary HRQL domains impacted on by IC and the principal goals of its treatment. However, since treatment effect sizes were at most moderate and given that untreated claudicants reported at most small deterioration in HRQL, the level of evidence supporting invasive therapy is modest.
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| 13. |
- Åman, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Recent developments in large-area photomasks for display applications
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of the Society for Information Display. - San Jose, CA : Wiley. - 1071-0922. ; 9:1, s. 3-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most critical areas in the manufacturing process for FPD panels or shadow masks for CRTs is lithography. Most existing lithography technologies require high-quality large-area photomasks. The requirements on these photomasks include positioning accuracy (registration) and repeatability (overlay), systematic image quality errors ("mura" or display quality), and resolution (minimum feature size). The general trend toward higher resolution and improved performance, e.g., for TFT desktop monitors, has put a strong focus on the specifications for large-area-display photomasks. This article intends to give an overview of the dominant issues for large-area-display photomasks, and illustrates differences compared with other applications. The article will also present state-of-the-art methods and trends. In particular, the aspects of positioning accuracy over large areas and systematic image-quality errors will be described. New qualitative and objective methods have been developed as means to capture systematic image-quality errors. Results indicating that errors below 25 nm can be found early in the manufacturing process is presented, thus allowing inspection for visual effects before the actual display is completed. Positioning accuracy below 400 nm (3 sigma) over 720 × 560 mm have been achieved. These results will in the future be extended up toward 1 × 1 m for generation 4 in TFT-LCD production.
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| 14. |
- Blomquist, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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- 2004
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Ingår i: Business Strategy and the Environment. - : Wiley. - 0964-4733. ; 13:6, s. 363-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article is based on a qualitative study of how green issues affect the R&D work in two large Swedish manufacturing firms. Both internal (environmental staff, top management) and external (regulators) actors drive the greening processes and our firms seem to be far reaching in their green works. In our discussions, we rely on a dynamic model of organizational change to emphasize that if green issues, in our cases perceived as strategic issues, are to change the firm and its R&D work, there has to be a focus on not only technological (tangible) components, but also on cultural (intangible) aspects. A proactive environmental product development strategy might therefore benefit from widening its focus to the whole organization. In addition to a more holistic approach, a basic argument in the paper is also that if green issues are to survive, they have to be kept evergreen. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
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