| 1. |
- Abbasi, Alireza, et al.
(författare)
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Highly hydrated cations : Deficiency, mobility and coordination of water in crystalline nonahydrated scandium(III), yttrium(III) and lanthanoid(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate
- 2005
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Ingår i: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 11:14, s. 4065-4077
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trivalent lanthanide-like metal ions coordinate nine water oxygen atoms, which form a tricapped trigonal prism in a large number of crystalline hydrates. Water deficiency, randomly distributed over the capping positions, was found for the smallest metal ions in the isomorphous nonahydrated trifluoromethanesulfonates, [M(H2O)(n)]CF3SO3)(3), in which M=Sc-III, Lu-III, Yb-III, Tm-III or Er-III. The hydration number n increases (n=8.0(1), 8.4(1), 8.7(1), 8.8(1) and 8.96(5), respectively) with increasing ionic size. Deuterium (H-2) solid-state NMR spectroscopy revealed fast positional exchange between the coordinated capping and prism water molecules; this exchange started at temperatures higher than about 280 K for lutetium(m) and below 268 K for scandium(m). Similar positional exchange for the fully nonahydrated yttrium(m) and lanthanum(m) compounds started at higher temperatures, over about 330 and 360 K, respectively. An exchange mechanism is proposed that can exchange equatorial and capping water molecules within the restrictions of the crystal lattice, even for fully hydrated lanthanoid(III) ions. Phase transitions occurred for all the water-deficient compounds at; 185 K. The hydrated scandium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate transforms reversibly (Delta H degrees= -0.80(1) kJ mol(-1) on cooling) to a trigonal unit cell that is almost nine times larger, with the scandium ion surrounded by seven fully occupied and two partly occupied oxygen atom positions in a distorted capped trigonal prism. The hydrogen bonding to the trifluoromethanesulfonate anions stabilises the trigonal prism of water ligands, even for the crowded hydration sphere of the smallest metal ions in the series. Implications for the Lewis acid catalytic activity of the hydrated scandium(III) and lanthanoid(III) trifluoromethanesulfonates for organic syntheses performed in aqueous media are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Myléus, Anna, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Celiac disease revealed in 3% of Swedish 12-year-olds born during an epidemic
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. - New York : Raven P. - 0277-2116 .- 1536-4801. ; 49:2, s. 170-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objetive: Sweden experienced a marked epidemic of celiac disease between 1984 and 1996 in children younger than 2 years of age, partly explained by changes in infant feeding. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of celiac disease in 12-year-olds born during the epidemic (1993), including both symptomatic and screening detected cases.Patients and methods: All sixth-grade children in participating schools were invited (n = 10,041). Symptomatic and, therefore, previously diagnosed celiac disease cases were ascertained through the National Swedish Childhood Celiac Disease Register and/or medical records. All serum samples were analyzed for antihuman tissue transglutaminase (tTG)-IgA (Celikey), and serum-IgA, and some for tTG-IgG and endomysial antibodies. A small intestinal biopsy was recommended for all children with suspected undiagnosed celiac disease.Results: Participation was accepted by 7567 families (75%). Previously diagnosed celiac disease was found in 67 children; 8.9/1000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.7-11). In another 192 children, a small intestinal biopsy was recommended and was performed in 180. Celiac disease was verified in 145 children, 20/1000 (95% CI 17-23). The total prevalence was 29/1000 (95% CI 25-33).Conclusions: The celiac disease prevalence of 29/1000 (3%)-with two thirds of cases undiagnosed before screening-is 3-fold higher than the usually suggested prevalence of 1%. When these 12-year-olds were infants, the prevailing feeding practice was to introduce gluten abruptly, often without ongoing breast-feeding, which might have contributed to this unexpectedly high prevalence.
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| 3. |
- Risberg, Emiliana, Damian, et al.
(författare)
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Sulfur X-ray absorption and vibrational spectroscopic study of sulfite, sulfur dioxide and sulfonate solutions, and of the substituted sulfonate ions X3CSO3- (X = H, Cl, F)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 46:20, s. 8332-8348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra have been recorded and the S(1s) electron excitations evaluated by means of density functional theory−transition potential (DFT−TP) calculations to provide insight into the coordination, bonding, and electronic structure. The XANES spectra for the various species in sulfur dioxide and aqueous sodium sulfite solutions show considerable differences at different pH values in the environmentally important sulfite(IV) system. In strongly acidic (pH < 1) aqueous sulfite solution the XANES spectra confirm that the hydrated sulfur dioxide molecule, SO2(aq), dominates. The theoretical spectra are consistent with an OSO angle of 119° in gas phase and acetonitrile solution, while in aqueous solution hydrogen bonding reduces the angle to 116°. The hydration affects the XANES spectra also for the sulfite ion, SO32-. At intermediate pH (4) the two coordination isomers, the sulfonate (HSO3-) and hydrogen sulfite (SO3H-) ions with the hydrogen atom coordinated to sulfur and oxygen, respectively, could be distinguished with the ratio HSO3-:SO3H- about 0.28:0.72 at 298 K. The relative amount of HSO3- increased with increasing temperature in the investigated range from 275 to 343 K. XANES spectra of sulfonate, methanesulfonate, trichloromethanesulfonate, and trifluoromethanesulfonate compounds, all with closely similar S−O bond distances in tetrahedral configuration around the sulfur atom, were interpreted by DFT−TP computations. The energy of their main electronic transition from the sulfur K-shell is about 2478 eV. The additional absorption features are similar when a hydrogen atom or an electron-donating methyl group is bonded to the −SO3 group. Significant changes occur for the electronegative trichloromethyl (Cl3C−) and trifluoromethyl (F3C−) groups, which strongly affect the distribution especially of the π electrons around the sulfur atom. The S−D bond distance 1.38(2) Å was obtained for the deuterated sulfonate (DSO3-) ion by Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction data of CsDSO3. Raman and infrared absorption spectra of the CsHSO3, CsDSO3, H3CSO3Na, and Cl3CSO3Na·H2O compounds and Raman spectra of the sulfite solutions have been interpreted by normal coordinate calculations. The C−S stretching force constant for the trichloromethanesulfonate ion obtains an anomalously low value due to steric repulsion between the Cl3C− and −SO3 groups. The S−O stretching force constants were correlated with corresponding S−O bond distances for several oxosulfur species.
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| 4. |
- Abbasi, Alireza, et al.
(författare)
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Crystallographic and Vibrational Spectroscopic Studies of Octakis(dimethyl sulfoxide)lanthanoid(III) Iodides
- 2007
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 46:19, s. 7731-7741
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The octakis(DMSO) (DMSO = dimethylsulfoxide) neodymium(III), samarium(III), gadolinium(III), dysprosium(III), erbium(III), and lutetium(III) iodides crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/n (No. 14) with Z = 4, while the octakis(DMSO) iodides of the larger lanthanum(III), cerium(III), and praseodymium(III) ions crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pbca (No. 61), Z = 8. In all [Ln(OS(Me2)8]I3 compounds the lanthanoid(III) ions coordinate eight DMSO oxygen atoms in a distorted square antiprism. Up to three of the DMSO ligands were found to be disordered and were described by two alternative configurations related by a twist around the metal−oxygen (Ln−O) bond. To resolve the atomic positions and achieve reliable Ln−O bond distances, complete semirigid DMSO molecules with restrained geometry and partial occupancy were refined for the alternative sites. This disorder model was also applied on previously collected data for the monoclinic octakis(DMSO)yttrium(III) iodide. At ambient temperature, the eight Ln−O bond distances are distributed over a range of about 0.1 Å. The average value increases from Ln−O 2.30, 2.34, 2.34, 2.36, 2.38, 2.40 to 2.43 Å (Ln = Lu, Er, Y, Dy, Gd, Sm, and Nd) for the monoclinic [Ln(OSMe2)8]I3 structures, and from 2.44, 2.47 to 2.49 Å (Ln = Pr, Ce, and La) for the orthorhombic structures, respectively. The average of the La−O and Nd−O bond distances remained unchanged at 100 K, 2.49 and 2.43 Å, respectively. Despite longer bond distances and larger Ln−O−S angles, the cell volumes are smaller for the orthorhombic structures (Ln = Pr, Ce, and La) than for the monoclinic structure with Ln = Nd, showing a more efficient packing arrangement. Raman and IR absorption spectra for the [Ln(OS(CH3)2)8]I3 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Lu, and Y) compounds, also deuterated for La and Y, have been recorded and analyzed by means of normal coordinate methods. The force constants for the Ln−O and S−O stretching modes in the complexes increase with decreasing Ln−O bond distance and show increasing polarization of the bonds for the smaller and heavier lanthanoid(III) ions.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Network governance of the commons
- 2006
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Ingår i: IASCP 2006 Conference Papers.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The survival of the commons is closely associated with the potential to find ways to strengthen contemporary management systems, making them more responsive to a number of complexities, like the dynamics of ecosystems and related, but often fragmented, institutions. A discussion on the desirability of finding ways to establish socalled cross-scale linkages, i.e. connections among different actors from different levels, i.e. connections among different actors from different levels of organisation and geographical settings, recently has been vitalised in the literature. The establishment of such linkages is believed to have many advantages for the sustainable management of the commons. In the same vein, concepts like adaptive management, comanagement and adaptive co-management have been discussed. In essence, these ways of organizing management to generate alternative governance systems are more closely related to network governance and social network theory, than to political administrative hierarchy. However, so far, attempts to incorporate social network analysis (SNA) in this literature have been rather few, and not particularly elaborate. In this paper, a framework for such an approach will be presented. The framework provides an analytical skeleton for the understanding of joint management and the establishment of cross-scale linkages. The relationships between structural network properties - like density, centrality and heterogeneity, and innovation in adaptive co-management systems - are highlighted as major features of high functioning management systems. The paper makes a theoretical and methodological contribution to the understanding of co-management, and thereby to the survival of the commons.
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Network governance of the commons
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of the Commons. - : Ubiquity Press, Ltd.. - 1875-0281. ; 2:1, s. 33-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The survival of the commons is closely associated with the potential to find ways to strengthen contemporary management systems, making them more responsive to a number of complexities, like the dynamics of ecosystems and related, but often fragmented, institutions. A discussion on the desirability of finding ways to establish so-called cross-scale linkages has recently been vitalised in the literature. In the same vein, concepts like adaptive management, co-management and adaptive co-management have been discussed. In essence, these ways of organizing management incorporate an implicit assumption about the establishment of social networks and is more closely related to network governance and social network theory, than to political administrative hierarchy. However, so far, attempts to incorporate social network analysis (SNA) in this literature have been rather few, and not particularly elaborate. In this paper, a framework for such an approach will be presented. The framework provides an analytical skeleton for the understanding of joint management and the establishment of cross-scale linkages. The relationships between structural network properties - like density, centrality and heterogeneity - and innovation in adaptive co-management systems are highlighted as important to consider when crafting institutions for natural resource management. The paper makes a theoretical and methodological contribution to the understanding of co-management, and thereby to the survival of the commons.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Damian, Emiliana, et al.
(författare)
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Theoretical and experimental sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XANES) study of cysteine, cystine, methionine and methionine sulfoxide
- 2009
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Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 18, s. 3542-3558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The experimental sulfur K-edge x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra of the amino acids cysteine, homocysteine, penicillamine, methionine, the oxidation products methionine sulfoxide and the disulfide cystine, have been analyzed by transition potential DFT calculations. The absolute energies and intensities of the main pre-edge sulfur 1s electron transitions have been computed to determine the character of the receiving low energy unoccupied molecular orbitals (MO), and to investigate the influence of external interactions, especially by introducing water molecules hydrogen bonded to the ionic species present in different pH ranges. When the thiol group deprotonates for the three amino acids cysteine, homocysteine and penicillamine the energy of the main transition, to an MO with antibonding σ*(S-H) character, reduces by ~1.1 eV and the receiving MO obtains σ*(S-C) character. The energy shifts due to hydrogen bonding were in most cases found to be relatively small, although the transition intensities could vary significantly due to the changes induced in the molecular charge distribution, thereby affecting the shapes of the spectral features. For the cysteine and penicillamine zwitterions deconvolution of the experimental spectra allowed the microscopic acid dissociation constants to be extracted separately for the thiol and the protonated amine groups, pKaT = 8.5 ± 0.1 and 8.2 ± 0.1, and pKaN = 8.9 ± 0.1 and 8.8 ± 0.1, respectively, in both cases with the thiol group the more acidic. Coordination of cysteine to nickel(II) or mercury(II) introduced a new low energy transition involving metal ion orbitals in the receiving LUMO. The small experimentally observed energy differences between the similar main absorption features of the cysteine and methionine zwitterions, 0.2-0.3 eV in comparable surrounding, as well as a minor difference in their intensity ratio, are reflected in the calculated transitions. The S K-edge XANES spectrum of the disulfide cystine displays a characteristic double peak with the lower energy transition (2469.9 eV) into the antibonding σ*(S-S) MO. The second peak, at 2471.5 eV in aqueous solution, contains several transitions into MO:s with σ*(S-C) character involving also charge transfer to the water molecules hydrating the protonated amine groups (NH3+) of cystine. The experimental energy difference between the two peaks increases by 0.2 eV for solid cystine, while no such increase occurs for the –S-S- bond between the cysteine residues in the oxidized disulfide of glutathione, where the amine groups are engaged in peptide bonds. This study shows that externally induced changes in the intramolecular bonding, e.g. by coordination, conformation geometry or hydrogen bonding, can significantly influence the S K-edge spectra, and emphasizes the importance of a similar chemical surrounding of the model compounds for standard spectra of sulfur functional groups, used to deconvolute composite experimental spectra.
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| 11. |
- Ek, Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated fish monitoring in Sweden
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this report is to present a review and an evaluation of thestrategy of integrated fish monitoring included in the Swedish national marinemonitoring programme. As a background to the review an assessment is madeof some of the long-term changes observed in monitoring.The project is financed by the Environment Protection Agency (Contract no.212 0326) and the Faculty of Science, Göteborg University. The project leader isProf. Åke Larsson. Dr Olof Sandström, Skärgårdsutveckling SKUTAB AB, is contractedas external reviewer of the programme. Subproject leaders and participantsin the programme have contributed with results and comments on thepaper.
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| 12. |
- Eriksson, Britas Klemens, et al.
(författare)
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Declines in predatory fish promote bloom-forming macroalgae.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ecological Applications. - 1051-0761 .- 1939-5582. ; 19:8, s. 1975-1988
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Baltic Sea, increased dominance of ephemeral and bloom-forming algae is presently attributed to increased nutrient loads. Simultaneously, coastal predatory fish are in strong decline. Using field data from nine areas covering a 700-km coastline, we examined whether formation of macroalgal blooms could be linked to the composition of the fish community. We then tested whether predator or nutrient availability could explain the field patterns in two small-scale field experiments, by comparing joint effects on algal net production from nutrient enrichment with agricultural fertilizer and exclusion of larger predatory fish with cages. We also manipulated the presence of invertebrate grazers. The abundance of piscivorous fish had a strong negative correlation with the large-scale distribution of bloom-forming macroalgae. Areas with depleted top-predator communities displayed massive increases in their prey, small-bodied fish, and high covers of ephemeral algae. Combining the results from the two experiments showed that excluding larger piscivorous fish: (1) increased the abundance of small-bodied predatory fish; (2) changed the size distribution of the dominating grazers, decreasing the smaller gastropod scrapers; and (3) increased the net production of ephemeral macroalgae. Effects of removing top predators and nutrient enrichment were similar and additive, together increasing the abundance of ephemeral algae many times. Predator effects depended on invertebrate grazers; in the absence of invertebrates there were no significant effects of predator exclusion on algal production. Our results provide strong support for regional declines of larger predatory fish in the Baltic Sea promoting algal production by decreasing invertebrate grazer control. This highlights the importance of trophic interactions for ecosystem responses to eutrophication. The view emerges that to achieve management goals for water quality we need to consider the interplay between top-down and bottom-up processes in future ecosystem management of marine resources.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Frisk, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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An integrated QCM-based narcotics sensing microsystem
- 2008
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Ingår i: Lab on a Chip. - : RSC Publishing. - 1473-0197 .- 1473-0189. ; 8:10, s. 1648-1657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the design, fabrication and successful testing of a 14 x 14 x 4 mm(3) integrated electronic narcotics sensing system which consists of only four parts. The microsystem absorbs airborne narcotics molecules and performs a liquid assay using an integrated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). A vertically conductive double-sided adhesive foil (VCAF) was used and studied as a novel material for LOC and MEMS applications and provides easy assembly, electrical contacting and liquid containment. The system was tested for measuring cocaine and ecstasy, with successful detection of amounts as small as 100 ng and 200 ng, respectively These levels are of interest in security activities in customs, prisons and by the police.
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| 16. |
- Gunneriusson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Jarosite inclusion of fluoride and its potential significance to bioleaching of sulphide minerals
- 2009
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Ingår i: Hydrometallurgy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-386X .- 1879-1158. ; 96:1-2, s. 108-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incorporation of fluoride ions into the structure of jarosite, a common precipitate in bioleaching, was studied. Crystalline jarosite was synthesized in the presence of various concentrations of fluoride ions and characterized by spectroscopic- and chemical analysis.The results showed that substantial amounts of fluoride were sorbed to jarosite, increasing with pH and fluoride concentration. FTIR, XRD and Mössbauer analysis supported a structural incorporation of the fluoride. Due to the size similarity between fluoride and hydroxide ions, a probable mechanism is an exchange of hydroxide ions and fluoride ions within the jarosite, giving the composition KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 - xFx(s). For the maximum concentration of fluoride used during synthesis, 200 mM, about 25% of the hydroxide ions were exchanged for fluoride ions. The mass of jarosite precipitated shown to be highly dependent on the fluoride concentration, with approximately half the yield using 200 mM potassium fluoride compared to in the absence of fluoride ions.To test the influence on toxicity of the incorporation of fluoride in jarosite, a bioleaching study was performed at 65 °C. A suspension of pyrite concentrate with 4% solid content (w/v) in the modified 9 K medium was bioleached under additions of potassium fluoride. The results indicated a higher tolerance for fluoride ions, as compared to earlier reported studies on fluoride toxicity during bioleaching.
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| 17. |
- Hovelius, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Non-operative treatment of primary anterior shoulder dislocation in patients forty years of age and younger : a prospective twenty-five-year follow-up
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume. - : Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. - 0021-9355 .- 1535-1386. ; 90:5, s. 945-952
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: During 1978 and 1979, we initiated a prospective multicenter study to evaluate the results of nonoperative treatment of primary anterior shoulder dislocation. In the current report, we present the outcome after twenty-five years.Methods: Two hundred and fifty-five patients (257 shoulders) with an age of twelve to forty years who had a primary anterior shoulder dislocation were managed with immobilization (achieved by tying the arm to the torso with use of a bandage) or without immobilization. All 227 living patients (229 shoulders) completed the follow-up questionnaire, and 214 patients completed the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire.Results: Ninety-nine (43%) of 229 shoulders had not redislocated, and seventeen (7%) redislocated once. Thirty-three recurrent dislocations had become stable over time (14.4%), and eighteen were considered to be still recurrent (7.9%). Sixty-two shoulders (27%) had undergone surgery for the treatment of recurrent instability. Immobilization after the primary dislocation did not change the prognosis. Only two of twenty-four shoulders with a fracture of the greater tuberosity at the time of the primary dislocation redislocated (p < 0.001). When shoulders with a fracture of the greater tuberosity were excluded, forty-four (38%) of 115 shoulders in patients who had been twelve to twenty-five years of age at the time of the original dislocation and sixteen (18%) of ninety shoulders in patients who had been twenty-six to forty years of age had undergone surgical stabilization. At twenty-five years, fourteen (23%) of sixty-two shoulders that had undergone surgical stabilization were in patients who subsequently had a contralateral dislocation, compared with seven (7%) of ninety-nine shoulders in patients in whom the index dislocation had been classified as solitary (p = 0.01). Gender and athletic activity did not appear to affect the redislocation rate; however, women had worse DASH scores than men did (p = 0.006).Conclusions: After twenty-five years, half of the primary anterior shoulder dislocations that had been treated nonoperatively in patients with an age of twelve to twenty-five years had not recurred or had become stable over time.Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level I. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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| 18. |
- Johansson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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On the Formation of Discoidal versus Threadlike Micelles in Dilute Aqueous Surfactant/Lipid Systems
- 2008
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 24:5, s. 1731-1739
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a recent study, we showed that the surfactant 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000 (DSPE-PEG2000) induced mixed micelles of either threadlike or discoidal shape when mixed with different types of lipids. In this study, we have exchanged the PEG−lipid for the more conventional surfactants octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E8), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Cryo-TEM investigations show that also these surfactants are able to induce the formation of long-lived discoidal micelles. Generally, the preference for either discoidal or threadlike micelles can be tuned by the choice of lipids and environmental conditions in much the same way as observed for the lipid/PEG−lipid system. Our investigation showed, furthermore, that the choice of surfactant may influence the type of mixed micelles formed. It is argued that the formation of discoidal rather than threadlike micelles may be rationalized as an effect of increasing bending rigidity. Our detailed theoretical model calculations show that the bending rigidity becomes significantly raised for aggregates formed by an ionic rather than a nonionic surfactant.
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| 19. |
- Josephson, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Antiretroviral treatment of HIV infection: Swedish recommendations 2007.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 39:6-7, s. 486-507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On 3 previous occasions, in 2002, 2003 and 2005, the Swedish Medical Products Agency (Läkemedelsverket) and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy (RAV) have jointly published recommendations for the treatment of HIV infection. An expert group, under the guidance of RAV, has now revised the text again. Since the publication of the previous treatment recommendations, 1 new drug for the treatment of HIV has been approved - the protease inhibitor (PI) darunavir (Prezista). Furthermore, 3 new drugs have become available: the integrase inhibitor raltegravir (MK-0518), the CCR5-inhibitor maraviroc (Celsentri), both of which have novel mechanisms of action, and the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) etravirine (TMC-125). The new guidelines differ from the previous ones in several respects. The most important of these are that abacavir is now preferred to tenofovir and zidovudine, as a first line drug in treatment-naïve patients, and that initiation of antiretroviral treatment is now recommended before the CD4 cell count falls below 250/microl, rather than 200/microl. Furthermore, recommendations on the treatment of HIV infection in children have been added to the document. As in the case of the previous publication, recommendations are evidence-graded in accordance with the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine, 2001 (see http://www.cebm.net/levels_of_evidence.asp#levels).
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| 20. |
- Kovács, Krisztina, et al.
(författare)
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Mössbauer study of synthetic jarosites
- 2008
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Ingår i: Hyperfine Interactions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0304-3843 .- 1572-9540. ; 186:1-3, s. 69-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and PXRD were used to study artificially prepared jarosites with the compositions of KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 - x F x x = 0 - 1.6 PXRD measurements revealed single phase jarosite samples. All Mössbauer spectra taken at room temperature exhibit a quadrupole doublet corresponding to mineral jarosite. However, at low temperature where the mineral jarosite has a well resolved sextet, the synthetic jarosite even with x = 0 F - content shows a relaxation transition. The spectra indicate that with increasing F - concentration, the paramagnetic-antiferromagnetic transition temperature is decreasing. The results can be used in the analysis of artificial jarosites or those formed during biomineralization processes.
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| 21. |
- Ljunggren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Rekryteringsproblem hos Östersjöns kustfiskbestånd
- 2005
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Acidification of lakes exposed to acid deposition is generally accompanied by a severe decrease in production (oligotrophication). In this study, we examined sediment from Lakes Gårdsjön and Härsvatten, Sweden, to determine whether sediment phosphorus (P) retention increased during the years corresponding to lake acidification. Sediment from both lakes had increases in aluminum (Al) in the upper 10 cm, and dating of Lake Gårdsjön sediment revealed that the Al increase occurred from 1950 to 2001 in this lake. The increase in Al input caused an increase inAl-bound P (Al–P) formation and overall sediment total phosphorus retention during the same period. Lake Gårdsjön received an additional 12.9 g·m–2 of Al, above preacidification background levels, that bound 1.1 g·m–2 of P and removed it from the in-lake P cycle from 1950 to 2001. A substantial portion (up to 76%) of the total external P load eventually was converted to Al–P and buried in the sediment over this period. The increase in sediment P burial due to increased formation of Al–P in systems similar to Lake Gårdsjön may have detrimental effects on nutrient cycling, and as a result, on productivity within the lake, leading to acido-oligotrophication.
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| 22. |
- Lundqvist, Gunnar, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of tobacco use : a 10-year follow-up study of smoking and snus habits in a middle-aged Swedish population
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 37:2, s. 161-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To study longitudinal patterns of tobacco use over a 10-year period among middle-aged men and women in Västerbotten County, Northern Sweden.Methods: The study is based on data from the 16,486 (8800 women and 7686 men) in the Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) where people were invited to a health screening and counselling programme at 30, 40, 50 and 60 years of age.Results: Smoking decreased from 22.3% to 15.6% among women and from 18.5% to 12.7% among men. Use of snus (Swedish moist snuff) increased from 3.1% to 6.0% among women and from 24.6% to 26.3% among men. The number of people who used both snus and cigarettes was stable: 0.5% to 0.8% from baseline to follow-up for women, and 4.1% to 3.3% for men. The number of tobacco-free adults increased from 75.2% to 79.2% for women and from 61.1% to 64.3% for men. Of those who became smoke-free during the 10-year follow-up period, 80% of the women and 66% of the men quit smoking without transitioning to snus use.Conclusions: The majority of middle-aged Swedish men and women in this cohort that quit smoking did so without becoming snus dependent. In spite of an increasing use of snus, overall there was a decline in the number of people using tobacco products.
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| 23. |
- Made, Curt, 1941-
(författare)
-
Alpine ski sport injuries in Swedish Lapland
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Downhill skiing is associated with recreation, youth, speed, aerials and crowded courses which carry increased risk of injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate downhill sport injuries in a Swedish ski resort. Material and methodsIn a case-control study ongoing 1989/90–2006/07, 3,696 injured skiers were registered. After informed consent the injured were assessed by a physician and asked to answer a questionnaire concerning skier, skiing and injury. ResultsAfter three years 481 injured skiers (41% females, mean age 23) were assessed. The injury rate was 1.13/1,000 skier days. Knee injury was most common (28%), followed by head/neck (13%) and lower leg (11%). Fractures were less common (23%) than sprains (44%). Among skiers below the age of 20, fractures outnumbered sprains. Helmet usage was high among children (<10 years; 83%), but very rare in adults. The injured skiers rarely tested positive for alcohol (1.1%, uninjured 5.0%) and no effect on skiing or injury rates were registered.A one-year follow-up about the ski injury outcome shows that the mean sick leave was 40 days and that 29% still had symptoms.94 injured telemark skiers were assessed over 11 years (females 36%, mean age 28). The ankle was the most common injury location (28%), followed by knee injury (19%) and injuries of head/neck (17%). Beginners suffered most ankle injuries (37%). The use of high-shafted boots increased (24% to 67%), while injuries to the ankle/foot diminished from 35% to 22%.568 snowboard injured were studied over 10 years (females 34%, mean age 19). Snowboard riding increased strongly during the period (<5% to 26%). The injury rate was 3/1,000 skier days. Injuries were mostly located in the upper extremities (54%). Head/neck accounted for 17%. Wrist fracture was the most common diagnosis (20%). Beginners had a higher incidence of lower arm/wrist injuries while advanced riders had more head/neck injuries.1,833 injured alpine skiers were evaluated over 16 years (females 45%, mean age 24). The injury rate was the lowest of all downhill ski sports (1.1/1,000 skier days). The lower extremity was the most common injury location (51%), the knee being the most commonly injured body part. Knee injuries affected females (39%) more often than males (23%). Head/neck injury came second (12%). Lower leg injury was most frequent in children (<10 y; 32%). Sprains were more common (43%) than fractures (22%). Beginners took fewer risks, had more falls and were injured relatively often. Helmet usage increased (25% to 58%). Helmet users reduced their risk of head injury. The severity of injury (AIS 3–6) decreased (3,4% to 1,6%).The over all results (18 years) showed similar injury incidences to the separate studies but a few specific diagnoses, e.g. knee injuries showed variations. ConclusionThe injury rate was highest in snowboarding and lowest in alpine skiing. Knee injury, especially in females, was the most common injury, the upper extremity in snowboarding and the lower extremity in telemark skiing. Helmet usage increased rapidly. Helmets have a protective effect. Ski safety work should focus on risk groups. Lift owners need to take the responsibility for ski safety work.
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| 24. |
- Nilsson, K.B., et al.
(författare)
-
Coordination chemistry of mercury(II) in liquid and aqueous ammonia solution and the crystal structure of tetraamminemercury(II) perchlorate
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 47:6, s. 1953-1964
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ammonia solvated mercury(II) ion has been structurally characterized in solution by means of EXAFS, 199Hg NMR, and Raman spectroscopy and in solid solvates by combining results from X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, EXAFS, and Raman spectroscopy. Crystalline tetraamminemercury(II) perchlorate, [Hg(NH 3)4](ClO4)2, precipitates from both liquid ammonia and aqueous ammonia solution, containing tetraamminemercury(II) complexes. The orthorhombic space group (Pnma) imposes Cs symmetry on the tetraamminemercury(II) complexes, which is lost at a phase transition at about 220 K. The Hg-N bond distances are 2.175(14), 2.255(16), and 2 x 2.277(9) Å, with a wide N-Hg-N angle between the two shortest Hg-N bonds, 122.1(7)°, at ambient temperature. A similar distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry is maintained in liquid ammonia and aqueous ammonia solutions with the mean Hg-N bond distances 2.225(12) and 2.226(6) Å, respectively. When heated to 400 K the solid tetraamminemercury(II) Perchlorate decomposes to diamminemercury(II) Perchlorate, [Hg(NH3) 2](ClO4)2, with the mean Hg-N bond distance 2.055(6) Å in a linear N-Hg-N unit. The mercury atoms in the latter compound form a tetrahedral network, connected by perchlorate oxygen atoms, with the closest Hg?Hg distance being 3.420(3) Å. The preferential solvation and coordination changes of the mercury(II) ion in aqueous ammonia, by varying the total NH3:Hg(II) mole ratio from 0 to 130, were followed by 199Hg NMR. Solid [Hg(NH3)4](ClO 4)2 precipitates while [Hg(H2O) 6]2+ ions remain in solution at mole ratios below 3-4, while at high mole ratios, [Hg(NH3)4]2+ complexes dominate in solution. The principal bands in the vibrational spectrum of the [Hg(NH3)4]2+ complex have been assigned. © 2008 American Chemical Society.
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| 25. |
- Orlova, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Synthetic affibody molecules : a novel class of affinity ligands for molecular imaging of HER2-expressing malignant tumors
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 67:5, s. 2178-2186
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Affibody molecule Z(HER2:342-pep2), site-specifically and homogeneously conjugated with a 1,4,7,10-tetra-azacylododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) chelator, was produced in a single chemical process by peptide synthesis. DOTA-Z(HER2:342-pep2) folds spontaneously and binds HER2 with 65 pmol/L affinity. Efficient radiolabeling with >95% incorporation of (111)In was achieved within 30 min at low (room temperature) and high temperatures (up to 90 degrees C). Tumor uptake of (111)In-DOTA-Z(HER2:342-pep2) was specific for HER2-positive xenografts. A high tumor uptake of 23% injected activity per gram tissue, a tumor-to-blood ratio of >7.5, and high-contrast gamma camera images were obtained already 1 h after injection. Pretreatment with Herceptin did not interfere with tumor targeting, whereas degradation of HER2 using the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-geldanamycin before administration of (111)In-DOTA-Z(HER2:342-pep2) obliterated the tumor image. The present results show that radiolabeled synthetic DOTA-Z(HER2:342-pep2) has the potential to become a clinically useful radiopharmaceutical for in vivo molecular imaging of HER2-expressing carcinomas.
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| 26. |
- Persson, Ingmar, et al.
(författare)
-
An EXAFS Spectroscopic, Large Angle X-Ray Scattering and Crystallo¬graphic Study of the Hexahydrated and the Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Pyridine-1-Oxide Hexasolvated Mercury(II) Ions
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Chemistry, A European Journal. ; 14, s. 6687-6696
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The structure of the solvated mercury(II) ion in aqueous and dimethyl sulfoxide solution has been studied by means of large angle X-ray scattering (LAXS) and EXAFS tech¬niques. The distribution of the Hg-O bond distances is unusually wide and asymmetric in both solvents. In aqueous solution hexahydrated [Hg(OH2)6]2+ ions in distorted octahedral configuration, with the centroid of the Hg-O bond distances at 2.38(1) Å, are surrounded by a diffuse second hydration sphere, with HgOII distances around a mean value of 4.20(2) Å. In dimethyl sulfoxide solution the six Hg-O and HgS distances of the hexasolvated Hg(OS(CH3)2)6]2+ complex are centered around 2.38(1) and 3.45(2) Å, respectively. The crystal structure of hexakis¬(pyridine-1-oxide)mercury(II) perchlorate has been re-determi¬ned at 100 K. The space group R implies six equal Hg-O bond distances of 2.3416(7) Å for the Hg(ONC5H5)62+ complex, as also for the hexaaquamercury(II) perchlorate and hexakis(dimethyl sulfoxide)mercury(II) trifluoro¬methanesulfonate compounds, according to previous crystallographic results. However, EXAFS results for those compounds in all cases reveal strongly asymmetric Hg-O bond distance distributions. Vibronic coupling of close valence states in a so-called Pseudo Jahn-Teller Effect probably induces the distorted configurations.
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| 27. |
- Persson, Ingmar, et al.
(författare)
-
An EXAFS Spectroscopic, Large-Angle X-Ray Scattering, and Crystallographic Study of Hexahydrated, Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Pyridine 1-Oxide Hexasolvated Mercury(II) Ions
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 14:22, s. 6687-6696
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure of the solvated mercury(II) ion in water and dimethyl sulfoxide has been studied by means of large‐angle X‐ray scattering (LAXS) and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) techniques. The distribution of the HgO distances is unusually wide and asymmetric in both solvents. In aqueous solution, hexahydrated [Hg(OH2)6]2+ ions in a distorted octahedral configuration, with the centroid of the HgO distance at 2.38(1) Å, are surrounded by a diffuse second hydration sphere with Hg⋅⋅⋅OII distances of 4.20(2) Å. In dimethyl sulfoxide, the six HgO and Hg⋅⋅⋅S distances of the hexasolvated [Hg{OS(CH3)2}6]2+ complex are centered around 2.38(1) and 3.45(2) Å, respectively. The crystal structure of hexakis(pyridine 1‐oxide)mercury(II) perchlorate has been redetermined. The space group R implies six equal HgO distances of 2.3416(7) Å for the [Hg(ONC5H5)6]2+ complex at 100 K. However, EXAFS studies of this compound, and of the solids hexaaquamercury(II) perchlorate and hexakis(dimethyl sulfoxide)mercury(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate, also with six equidistant HgO bonds according to crystallographic results, reveal in all cases strongly asymmetric HgO distance distributions. Vibronic coupling of valence states in a so‐called pseudo‐Jahn–Teller effect probably induces the distorted configurations.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Persson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
[(177)Lu]pertuzumab : experimental studies on targeting of HER-2 positive tumour cells
- 2005
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 32:12, s. 1457-62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The new antibody pertuzumab (Omnitarg) targets the dimerisation subdomain of HER-2. The purpose of this study was to analyse whether pertuzumab retains HER-2 targeting capacity after labelling with the therapeutically interesting beta emitter (177)Lu and to make initial characterizations in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Pertuzumab was conjugated with isothiocyanate-benzyl-CHX-A''-DTPA and chelated to (177)Lu. Immunoreactivity, affinity, cellular retention and internalisation were analysed using SKOV-3 cells. The affinity of non-radioactive pertuzumab was measured using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. In vivo targeting and specific binding were assessed in Balb/c (nu/nu) mice carrying SKOV-3 xenografts. The biodistribution of (177)Lu was determined 1, 3 and 7 days after [(177)Lu]pertuzumab administration. Gamma camera images were taken after 3 days. RESULTS: The immunoreactivity of [(177)Lu]pertuzumab was 85.8+/-1.3%. The affinity of non-radioactive pertuzumab was 1.8+/-1.1 nM, and that of [(177)Lu]pertuzumab, 4.1+/-0.7 nM. The cellular retention after 5 h pre-incubation was 90+/-2% at 20 h. The targeting was HER-2 specific both in vitro and in vivo, since excess amounts of non-labelled antibody inhibited the uptake of labelled antibody (p<0.0001 and p<0.01, respectively). The biodistribution and gamma camera images of (177)Lu showed extensive tumour uptake. Normal tissues had a surprisingly low uptake. CONCLUSION: Pertuzumab was efficiently labelled with (177)Lu and showed good intracellular retention and HER-2 specific binding both in vitro and in vivo. The gamma camera images and the biodistribution study gave excellent tumour targeting results. Thus, [(177)Lu]pertuzumab is of interest for further studies aimed at radionuclide therapy.
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| 30. |
- Risberg, Emiliana Damian, et al.
(författare)
-
Theoretical and Experimental Sulfur K-edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Study of Cysteine, Cystine, Homocysteine, Penicillamine, Methionine and Methionine Sulfoxide
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; , s. 3542-3558
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The experimental sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of the amino acids cysteine, homocysteine, penicillamine, methionine, including the oxidation products methionine sulfoxide and the disulfide cystine, have been analyzed by transition potential DFT calculations. The absolute energies and intensities of the main pre-edge sulfur 1s electron transitions have been computed to determine the character of the receiving unoccupied molecular orbitals (MO), and to investigate the influence of external interactions, especially by introducing water molecules hydrogen-bonded to the ionic species present in different pH ranges. When the thiol group deprotonates for cysteine, homocysteine and penicillamine and also for the cysteine residue in glutathione the energy of the main transition, to an MO with antibonding σ*(S–H) character, reduces by 1.1 eV and the receiving MO obtains σ*(S–C) character. The changes in transition energy due to hydrogen-bonding were in most cases found to be relatively small, although the transition intensities could vary significantly due to the changes induced in the molecular charge distribution, thereby affecting the shapes of the spectral features. For the cysteine and penicillamine zwitterions deconvolution of the experimental spectra allowed the microscopic acid dissociation constants to be extracted separately for the thiol and the protonated amine groups, pKaS = 8.5 ± 0.1 and 8.2 ± 0.1, and pKaN = 8.9 ± 0.1 and 8.8 ± 0.1, respectively, with the thiol group in both cases being the more acidic. Coordination of cysteine to nickel(II) or mercury(II) introduced a new low energy transition involving metal ion orbitals in the receiving LUMO. The small experimentally observed energy differences between the similar main absorption features of the cysteine and methionine zwitterions, 0.2–0.3 eV in comparable surrounding, as well as a minor difference in their intensities, are reflected in the calculated transitions. The S K-edge XANES spectrum of the disulfide cystine displays a characteristic double peak with the lower energy transition (2469.9 eV) into the antibonding σ*(S–S) MO. The second peak, at 2471.5 eV in aqueous solution, contains several transitions into MOs with σ*(S–C) character involving also charge transfer to the water molecules hydrating the protonated amine groups (NH3+) of cystine. For solid cystine without hydrogen bonding the experimental energy difference between the two peaks is 0.2 eV larger, while no such increase occurs for the oxidized disulfide of glutathione, with a similar –S–S– bond between its cysteine residues as in cystine, because the amine groups are engaged in peptide bonds. This study shows that externally induced changes in the intramolecular bonding, e.g., by coordination, conformation geometry or hydrogen-bonding, can significantly influence the S K-edge spectra, and emphasizes the importance of a similar chemical surrounding when choosing the model compounds for standard spectra of sulfur functional groups, used to deconvolute composite experimental spectra.
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| 31. |
- Sandström, Agneta, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Impaired cognitive performance in patients with chronic burnout syndrome
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Biological Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246. ; 69:3, s. 271-279
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic burnout refers to a syndrome caused by chronic stress. Clinical observations indicate that chronic burnout is associated with impaired cognitive functioning. However, there have been no systematic studies of the cognitive performance in chronic burnout patients. We have evaluated general cognitive ability, memory, and attention in 67 female patients treated for chronic burnout. The patients and 15 healthy control subjects were tested with standardized tests of verbal and nonverbal cognitive ability (WAIS), verbal (Claeson–Dahl) and nonverbal (Rey complex figures) memory, and visual and auditory attention (IVA). Significant reductions in nonverbal memory and auditory and visual attention were found for the patient group. These results indicate that patients with chronic burnout have specific cognitive impairments, which should be emphasized in the evaluation of symptoms and treatment regimes in this disorder.
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| 32. |
- Sandström, Annica, et al.
(författare)
-
Innovative policy networks : the relation between structure and performance
- 2007
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The importance of policy networks and the need to "treat networks seriously" has long been emphasized within the field of policy analysis. However, not many attempts have been made to investigate the explanatory power of policy networks using the tools and theoretical concepts provided by Social Network analysis (SNA). Accordingly, that is the central undertaking of this paper. Is there a relationship between the structural features of policy networks, their organizing capacities and performance? A comparative case study of five networks within the sector of higher education confirms the assumption about a relationship between the variables. An innovative policy network is a network with a heterogeneous set of actors that are centrally integrated. Further, while the level of network heterogeneity is positively related to the function of resource mobilization, the level of integration facilitates the process of prioritizing. There is certainly a lot of explanatory power in the concept of policy networks and the formal analytical approach (SNA) is one way to explore its possibilities.
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| 33. |
- Sandström, Annica, et al.
(författare)
-
The performance of policy networks : the relation between network structure and network performance
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Policy Studies Journal. - 0190-292X .- 1541-0072. ; 36:4, s. 497-524
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of policy networks has long been emphasized within the field of policy analysis. However, few attempts have been made to investigate the explanatory power of policy networks using the tools and theoretical concepts provided by social network analysis (SNA). This paper aims to address this need by determining if a relationship exists between the structural features of policy networks, their organizing capacities, and their performance. A comparative case study of four networks within the higher education policy sector confirms the assumption related to the existence of such a relation. It is proposed that an efficient and innovative policy network consists of a heterogeneous set of actors that are centrally and densely integrated. Furthermore, while the level of network heterogeneity is positively related to the function of resource mobilization in the process of policymaking, the level of centralized integration promotes the function of prioritizing. These findings are believed to contribute to our understanding of policymaking in contemporary society. The current paper indicates that a significant explanatory power exists in the concept of policy networks and that SNA is one way of advancing its possibilities.
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| 34. |
- Sandström, Annica, et al.
(författare)
-
The performance of policy networks : the relation between network structure and network performance
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Policy Studies Journal. - : Wiley. - 0190-292X .- 1541-0072. ; 36:4, s. 497-524
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of policy networks has long been emphasized within the field of policy analysis. However, few attempts have been made to investigate the explanatory power of policy networks using the tools and theoretical concepts provided by social network analysis (SNA). This paper aims to address this need by determining if a relationship exists between the structural features of policy networks, their organizing capacities, and their performance. A comparative case study of four networks within the higher education policy sector confirms the assumption related to the existence of such a relation. It is proposed that an efficient and innovative policy network consists of a heterogeneous set of actors that are centrally and densely integrated. Furthermore, while the level of network heterogeneity is positively related to the function of resource mobilization in the process of policymaking, the level of centralized integration promotes the function of prioritizing. These findings are believed to contribute to our understanding of policymaking in contemporary society. The current paper indicates that a significant explanatory power exists in the concept of policy networks and that SNA is one way of advancing its possibilities.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Tolmachev, Vladimir, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of a maleimido derivative of CHX-A'' DTPA for site-specific labeling of affibody molecules
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Bioconjugate chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1043-1802 .- 1520-4812. ; 19:8, s. 1579-1587
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Affibody molecules are a new class of small targeting proteins based on a common three-helix bundle structure. Affibody molecules binding a desired target may be selected using phage-display technology. An Affibody molecule Z HER2:342 binding with subnanomolar affinity to the tumor antigen HER2 has recently been developed for radionuclide imaging in vivo. Introduction of a single cysteine into the cysteine-free Affibody scaffold provides a unique thiol group for site-specific labeling of recombinant Affibody molecules. The recently developed maleimido-CHX-A'' DTPA was site-specifically conjugated at the C-terminal cysteine of Z HER2:2395-C, a variant of Z HER2:342, providing a homogeneous conjugate with a dissociation constant of 56 pM. The yield of labeling with (111)In was >99% after 10 min at room temperature. In vitro cell tests demonstrated specific binding of (111)In-CHX-A'' DTPA-Z 2395-C to HER2-expressing cell-line SKOV-3 and good cellular retention of radioactivity. In normal mice, the conjugate demonstrated rapid clearance from all nonspecific organs except kidney. In mice bearing SKOV-3 xenografts, the tumor uptake of (111)In-CHX-A'' DTPA-Z 2395-C was 17.3 +/- 4.8% IA/g and the tumor-to-blood ratio 86 +/- 46 (4 h postinjection). HER2-expressing xenografts were clearly visualized 1 h postinjection. In conclusion, coupling of maleimido-CHX-A'' DTPA to cysteine-containing Affibody molecules provides a well-defined uniform conjugate, which can be rapidly labeled at room temperature and provides high-contrast imaging of molecular targets in vivo.
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| 37. |
- Tran, Thuy, et al.
(författare)
-
99mTc-maEEE-ZHER2:342, an Affibody Molecule-Based Tracer for the Detection of HER2 Expression in Malignant Tumors
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Bioconjugate chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1043-1802 .- 1520-4812. ; 18:6, s. 1956-1964
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detection of HER2-overexpression in tumors and metastases is important for the selection of patients who will benefit from trastuzumab treatment. Earlier investigations showed successful imaging of HER2-positive tumors in patients using indium- or gallium-labeled Affibody molecules. The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of 99mTc-labeled Affibody molecules for the detection of HER2 expression. The Affibody molecule ZHER2:342 with the chelator sequences mercaptoacetyl-Gly-Glu-Gly (maGEG) and mercaptoacetyl-Glu-Glu-Glu (maEEE) was synthesized by peptide synthesis and labeled with technetium-99m. Binding specificity, cellular retention, and in vitro stability were investigated. The biodistribution of 99mTc-maGEG-ZHER2:342 and 99mTc-maEEE-ZHER2:342 was compared with 99mTc-maGGG-ZHER2:342 in normal mice, and the tumor targeting properties of 99mTc-maEEE-ZHER2:342 were determined in SKOV-3 xenografted nude mice. The results showed that the Affibody molecules were efficiently labeled with technetium-99m. The labeled conjugates were highly stable in vitro with preserved HER2-binding capacity. The use of glutamic acid in the chelator sequences for 99mTc-labeling of ZHER2:342 reduced the hepatobiliary excretion 3-fold with a single Gly-to-Glu substitution and 10-fold with three Gly-to-Glu substitutions. 99mTc-maEEE-ZHER2:342 showed a receptor-specific tumor uptake of 7.9 ± 1.0 %IA/g and a tumor-to-blood ratio of 38 at 4 h pi. Gamma-camera imaging with 99mTc-maEEE-ZHER2:342 could detect HER2-expressing tumors in xenografts already at 1 h pi. It was concluded that peptide synthesis for the coupling of chelator sequences to Affibody molecules for 99mTc labeling is an efficient way to modify the in vivo kinetics. Increased hydrophilicity, combined with improved stability of the mercaptoacetyl-triglutamyl chelator, resulted in favorable biodistribution, making 99mTc-maEEE-ZHER2:342 a promising tracer for clinical imaging of HER2 overexpression in tumors.
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| 38. |
- Tran, Thuy A., 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a multifunctional HER2-specific Affibody molecule for molecular imaging
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 36:11, s. 1864-1873
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate a novel platform for labelling of Affibody molecules, enabling for both recombinant and synthetic production and for site-specific labelling with 99mTc or trivalent radiometals. Methods: The HER2-specific Affibody molecule PEP05352 was made by peptide synthesis. The chelator sequence SECG (serine-glutamic acid-cysteine-glycine) was anchored on the C-terminal to allow 99mTc-labelling. The cysteine can alternatively serve as a conjugation site of the chelator DOTA for indium-labelling. The resulting 99mTc- and 111In-labelled Affibody molecules were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Results: Both conjugates retained their capacity to bind to HER2 receptors in vitro and in vivo. The tumour-to-blood ratio in LS174T xenografts was 30 at 4 h p.i. for both conjugates. Biodistribution data showed that 99mTc-labelled Affibody molecule had 4-fold lower kidney accumulation compared with 111In-labelled Affibody molecule while the accumulation in other organs was similar. Gamma-camera imaging of the conjugates could clearly visualise the tumours 4 h after injection. Conclusions: Incorporation of C-terminal SECG sequence in Affibody molecules provides a general multifunctional platform for site-specific labelling with different nuclides (technetium, indium, gallium, cobalt, or yttrium) and for a flexible production (chemical synthesis or recombinant).
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| 39. |
- WIKARS, LARS-OVE, et al.
(författare)
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Brandsvampbaggen Biphyllus Iunatus på Gotland: en hotad art beroende av brända björkar
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Brandsvampbaggen är en brandberoende skalbagge som idag bara återfinns på Gotland efter att redan under 1800-talet ha dött ut på fastlandet. Den utvecklas i fruktkroppar avsvampen brandskiktdyna som enbart växer på brandskadade lövträd, främst björk. Orsaken till att den fortfarande finns på Gotland antas vara den unika skötseln av ängen, då ris och grenar traditionsenligt bränns på våren. Vi sökte efter arten på tretton brandfält och fyra ängen på främst norra och centrala Gotland. Vi hittade arten på ett enda brandfält skapat genom skjutövningar på Tofta skjutfält söder om Visby. Tofta skjutfält är idag sannoliktdet område på Gotland som har bäst förutsättningar att hysa brandsvampbagge. Aktiv naturvårdsbränning kan dock snart behövas eftersom skjutfältsaktiviteten kan komma attupphöra i en nära framtid. Få av de undersökta brandfälten erbjöd lämpliga miljöer för brandsvampbagge. Generelltskapar spontana bränder ytterst sällan lämplig miljö för brandsvampbagge. Bränderna berör sällan trädbevuxna områden, särskilt sådana med ett innehåll av lövträd. Dessutom är bränderna av liten areal och har normalt en så låg intensitet att träd ej dödas. Den skogstypsom brinner mest frekvent och med störst intensitet på Gotland är torr tallskog, som normalt saknar ett större inslag av björk och andra lövträd. De största naturvärdena på brandfälten är ofta knutna till branddödade tallar.Ängena saknar idag troligen betydelse för brandsvampbaggen pga. en långtgående igenväxning samt att björken röjs bort vid en eventuell restaurering, vilket gör att björkenträngs ut allt mer. Dessutom skapar dagens eventuella bränning av ris ej brandskadade träd. Det vore önskvärt att försöka återskapa ett mer ursprungligt tillstånd i något änge, både vad gäller förekomsten av björk och skötsel med bränning. Detta kan kräva en ändring i synenpå hur ängena bör skötas. Naturvårdsbränning i lövrik skogsmark bör förläggas antingen nära Tofta skjutfält ellerTorsburgens naturreservat, eftersom dessa två områden har de senast kända förekomsterna av brandsvampbagge. Kontrollerad bränning bör ske i björkrika väl avgränsade bestånd med tillgång till vatten, och helst utföras på våren eller försommaren under måttliga men tillräckliga uttorkningsförhållanden. För att skapa en kontinuerlig förekomst av svampen brandskiktdyna behövs bränder med maximalt ca fem års intervall. Brandfälten måste skapas inom rimligt spridningsavstånd för brandsvampbaggen, vilket troligen uppgår till några kilometer.
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| 40. |
- Wikars, Lars-Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Brandsvampbaggen Biphyllus lunatus på Gotland
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SammanfattningBrandsvampbaggen är en brandberoende skalbagge som idag bara återfinns på Gotlandefter att redan under 1800-talet ha dött ut på fastlandet. Den utvecklas i fruktkroppar avsvampen brandskiktdyna som enbart växer på brandskadade lövträd, främst björk. Orsakentill att den fortfarande finns på Gotland antas vara den unika skötseln av ängen, då ris ochgrenar traditionsenligt bränns på våren. Vi sökte efter arten på tretton brandfält och fyraängen på främst norra och centrala Gotland. Vi hittade arten på ett enda brandfält skapatgenom skjutövningar på Tofta skjutfält söder om Visby. Tofta skjutfält är idag sannoliktdet område på Gotland som har bäst förutsättningar att hysa brandsvampbagge. Aktivnaturvårdsbränning kan dock snart behövas eftersom skjutfältsaktiviteten kan komma attupphöra i en nära framtid.Få av de undersökta brandfälten erbjöd lämpliga miljöer för brandsvampbagge. Generelltskapar spontana bränder ytterst sällan lämplig miljö för brandsvampbagge. Brändernaberör sällan trädbevuxna områden, särskilt sådana med ett innehåll av lövträd. Dessutom ärbränderna av liten areal och har normalt en så låg intensitet att träd ej dödas. Den skogstypsom brinner mest frekvent och med störst intensitet på Gotland är torr tallskog, somnormalt saknar ett större inslag av björk och andra lövträd. De största naturvärdena påbrandfälten är ofta knutna till branddödade tallar.Ängena saknar idag troligen betydelse för brandsvampbaggen pga. en långtgåendeigenväxning samt att björken röjs bort vid en eventuell restaurering, vilket gör att björkenträngs ut allt mer. Dessutom skapar dagens eventuella bränning av ris ej brandskadade träd.Det vore önskvärt att försöka återskapa ett mer ursprungligt tillstånd i något änge, både vadgäller förekomsten av björk och skötsel med bränning. Detta kan kräva en ändring i synenpå hur ängena bör skötas.Naturvårdsbränning i lövrik skogsmark bör förläggas antingen nära Tofta skjutfält ellerTorsburgens naturreservat, eftersom dessa två områden har de senast kända förekomsternaav brandsvampbagge. Kontrollerad bränning bör ske i björkrika väl avgränsade beståndmed tillgång till vatten, och helst utföras på våren eller försommaren under måttliga mentillräckliga uttorkningsförhållanden. För att skapa en kontinuerlig förekomst av svampenbrandskiktdyna behövs bränder med maximalt ca fem års intervall. Brandfälten måsteskapas inom rimligt spridningsavstånd för brandsvampbaggen,vilket troligen uppgår tillnågra kilometer.
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| 41. |
- Wiklund, Anna-Lena, 1970-
(författare)
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The Syntax of Tenselessness : On Copying Constructions in Swedish
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigates three construction types in Swedish where two (or more) verbs display identical inflectional morphology (COPYING) and share one overt subject. The constructions are referred to as (i) T(ENSE)M(OOD)A(SPECT)-COPYING complements, of the form John started and wrote (John started writing), (ii) PARTICIPLE COPYING complements, of the form John had been-able written (John had been able to write), and (iii) PSEUDOCOORDINATIONS, of the form John sat and wrote (John was writing). (i) and (ii) differ from (iii) in alternating with infinitives. (ii) differs from (i) and (iii) in restricting copying to participial form and in being incompatible with a linking element (corresponding to 'and'). The main claim is that the construction types are three surface variants of one and the same phenomenon, involving complementation and semantically vacuous inflection on the embedded verb(s). The differences between them are argued to be derivable from independent factors. (i) and (iii) are shown to differ from (ii) w.r.t. amount of functional structure present in the embedded clause. Matrix verbs in (iii) are shown to instantiate light verb uses of otherwise lexical verbs. Copying complements are argued to instantiate subtypes of "tenseless" infinitivals (infinitivals whose tense orientation fully overlaps with that of the matrix clause), characterized by an underspecified functional domain. Copying is assumed to be a surface reflection of (Agree-type) dependencies between functional heads of the same label; features of the embedded functional heads copy values from the corresponding functional heads in the matrix clause. Arguments for treating copying complements as instantiating restructuring are presented. It is proposed that copying complements differ from non-copying infinitival complements in being subject to valuation from the matrix functional domain. This suggests that an imporant aspect of (possibility of) restructuring is alternation between unmarked (negatively specified) and unvalued varieties of the same features.
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| 42. |
- Åkerholm, Mikael, 1978-
(författare)
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Reusability of Software Components in the Vehicular Domain
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Component-based software engineering is concerned with enabling software to be assembled through systematic (re)use of carefully built software elements denoted components. In this thesis we describe how reusability benefits of component-based software engineering can be utilized for organizations acting in the vehicular domain. Attractive benefits with this approach include managing complexity through an architecture divided in components and avoidance of large monolithic structures; reduction of time-to-market since applications ideally can be assembled from pre-existing components; increased quality when applications are built from components already proven in use; and cost amortization through investment payoff by each reuse of a component. Successful deployment of component-based development is however not simple - it depends on many strategic, technical, and business decisions. Furthermore the domain of vehicular systems represents a class of systems where component-based principles have had a limited success, in comparison to the domain of PC applications where the approach has emerged. The major reason to this is a number of important qualities that leaven all through the software life-cycle, e.g., safety, reliability, timing, and resource efficiency. We have developed a prototype component technology tailored for the vehicular domain. The technology is based on a proposed component-model defining how component-based applications should be built and modelled in the context of vehicular systems. Our solution includes analysis tools and mechanisms supporting the process of maintaining important quality attributes in the life-cycle of software components. Furthermore, we have used the technology to develop a typical vehicular application, demonstrated its integration with a component repository for vehicular components, and also studied real cases to evaluate our results in cooperation with industry. The results confirm the suitability of component-based principles for the domain, and also show the potential in further development of component technologies for vehicular systems.
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