| 1. |
- Browaldh, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Celiaki är en vanlig sjukdom som är lätt att missa
- 2014
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Swedish Medical Association. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 111:11, s. 484-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Celiaki ansågs länge som en ovanlig barnsjukdom, men är en vanlig sjukdom som drabbar alla åldrar. Genomförda screeningar av normalbefolkningen visar att merparten inte fått diagnos eller behandling. Den kliniska bilden varierar: alltifrån diffusa besvär eller inga symtom alls till allvarliga gastrointestinala symtom med grav avmagring och tillväxtrubbning till följd av malabsorption. Klinisk misstanke om eller hereditet för celiaki bör föranleda analys av specifika serologiska markörer. Gastroskopi med tunntarmsbiopsi bör övervägas för att bekräfta eller utesluta diagnosen.
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| 2. |
- Ivarsson, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Childhood Celiac Disease and Changes in Infant Feeding
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics. - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 131:3, s. E687-E694
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Between 1984 and 1996, Sweden experienced an "epidemic" of clinical celiac disease in children andlt;2 years of age, attributed partly to changes in infant feeding. Whether infant feeding affects disease occurrence and/or the clinical presentation remains unknown. We investigated and compared the total prevalence of celiac disease in 2 birth cohorts of 12-year-olds and related the findings to each cohorts ascertained infant feeding. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMETHODS: A 2-phase cross-sectional screening study was performed in which 13 279 children from 2 birth cohorts participated: children born during the epidemic (1993) and children born after the epidemic (1997). Previously diagnosed cases were reported and confirmed. Blood samples were analyzed for serological markers and children with positive values were referred for small intestinal biopsy. Infant feeding practices in the cohorts were ascertained via questionnaires. Prevalence comparisons were expressed as prevalence ratios. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanRESULTS: The total prevalence of celiac disease was 29 in 1000 and 22 in 1000 for the 1993 and 1997 cohorts, respectively. Children born in 1997 had a significantly lower risk of having celiac disease compared with those born in 1993 (prevalence ratio: 0.75; 95% confidence interval: 0.60-0.93; P = .01). The cohorts differed in infant feeding (specifically, in the proportion of infants introduced to dietary gluten in small amounts during ongoing breastfeeding). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanCONCLUSIONS: A significantly reduced prevalence of celiac disease in 12-year-olds indicates an option for disease prevention. Our findings suggest that the present infant feeding recommendation to gradually introduce gluten-containing foods from 4 months of age, preferably during ongoing breastfeeding, is favorable. Pediatrics 2013;131:e687-e694
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| 3. |
- Sandström, Agneta, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive deficits in relation to personality type and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction in women with stress-related exhaustion
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 52:1, s. 71-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exhaustion caused by long-term work-related stress may cause cognitive dysfunction. We explored factors that may link chronic stress and cognitive impairment. Personality, psychiatric screening, and behavior were assessed by self-reporting measures in 20 female patients (mean age 39.3 years; range 26–53) with a preliminary diagnosis of stress-related exhaustion and in 16 healthy matched controls. Cognitive performance was investigated with a detailed neuropsychological test battery. Cortisol axis function was assessed by urinary and saliva collections of cortisol, dexamethasone suppression, Synacthen response, and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) tests. Proinflammatory cytokines were measured. Hippocampal volumes were estimated by magnetic resonance imaging. Multivariate and univariate statistical methods were used to explore putative differences between groups and factors linked to cognitive impairment. Cognitive function clearly differed between groups, with decreased attention and visuospatial memory in the patient group, suggesting frontal cortex/medial temporal cortex-network dysfunction. Increased harm avoidance and persistence was present among patients, with lowered self-directedness linked to lower quality of life, increased anxious and depressive tendencies, and experiences of psychosocial stress. Attention was decreased with concomitantly impaired visuospatial memory. The pituitary (adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH) response to CRH was decreased in patients, with an increased cortisol/ACTH response to CRH. However, cortisol production rates, diurnal or dexamethasone-suppressed saliva cortisol levels, and the cortisol response to Synacthen were unaltered. Hippocampal volumes did not differ between groups. These findings suggest that cognitive dysfunction in stress-related exhaustion is linked to distinct personality traits, low quality of life, and a decreased ACTH response to CRH.
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| 4. |
- Webb, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Accuracy in Celiac Disease Diagnostics by Controlling the Small-bowel Biopsy Process
- 2011
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION. - : Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. - 0277-2116 .- 1536-4801. ; 52:5, s. 549-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: In a Swedish celiac disease screening study (Exploring the Iceberg of Celiacs in Sweden), we systematically reviewed the clinical diagnostic procedures with the aim to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and to take advantage of lessons learned for improving diagnostic routines. Materials and Methods: A school-based celiac disease screening study involving 5 Swedish centers, with 10,041 invited 12-year-olds with 7567 consenting participation. All 192 children with elevated serological markers were recommended to undergo small-bowel biopsy, performed and evaluated according to local clinical routines. All of the mucosal specimens were reevaluated by 1 and, when needed, 2 expert pathologists to reach diagnostic consensus. Results: Small-bowel biopsies were performed in 184 children: 130 by endoscopy and 54 by suction capsule. Endoscopic biopsies were inconclusive in 0.6%, compared with 7.4% of biopsies by suction capsule. A patchy enteropathy was found in 9.1%. Reevaluation by the expert pathologist resulted in 6 additional cases with celiac disease and 1 cleared. Sixteen children with normal or inconclusive biopsies, 4 after endoscopy, and 12 after suction capsule were endoscopically rebiopsied, resulting in another 8 cases. The celiac disease prevalence of 30 of 1000 (95% confidence interval 26-34) was not statistically different from that previously reported. Conclusions: The present review revealed the importance of controlling each step of the diagnostic procedure. Several cases would have been missed by relying only on local routines. To improve the quality of childhood celiac disease diagnostics, we recommend multiple endoscopic biopsies from both proximal and distal duodenum and standardized evaluation by a pathologist with good knowledge of celiac disease.
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| 5. |
- Ahlgren, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting of HER2-Expressing Tumors Using 111In-ABY-025, a Second-Generation Affibody Molecule with a Fundamentally Reengineered Scaffold
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - : Society of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505 .- 1535-5667 .- 2159-662X. ; 51:7, s. 1131-1138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overexpression of HER2 in breast carcinomas predicts response to trastuzumab therapy. Affibody molecules based on a non-immunoglobulin scaffold have demon-strated high potential for in vivo molecular imaging of HER2-expressing tumors. Re-engineering of the molecular scaffold has led to a second generation of optimized Affibody molecules, having a surface distinctly different from the parental protein domain from staphylococcal protein A. The new tracer showed further increased melting point, stability and overall hydrophilicity compared to the parental molecule, and was shown to be more amenable for chemical peptide synthesis. The goal of this study was to assess potential effects of this extensive re-engineering on HER2 targeting, using ABY-025, a DOTA conjugated variant of the novel tracer. Methods: 111In-ABY-025 was compared with previously evaluated parent HER2-binding Affibody tracers in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo behavior was further evaluated in mice bearing SKOV-3 xenografts, in rats and in cynomolgus macaques. Results: 111In-ABY-025 bound specifically to HER2 in vitro and in vivo. Direct comparison with the previous generation of HER2-binding tracers showed that ABY-025 retained excellent targeting properties. Rapid blood clearance was shown in mice, rats and macaques. A highly specific tumor uptake of 16.7 ± 2.5 %IA/g was seen at 4 h after injection. The tumor-to-blood ratio was 6.3 at 0.5 h, 88 at 4 h, and increased up to 3 days after injection. Gamma camera imaging of tumors was already possible 0.5 h after injection. Furthermore, repeated i.v. administration of ABY-025 did not induce antibody formation in rats. Conclusions: The biodistribution of 111In-ABY-025 was in remarkably good agreement with the parent tracers, despite profound re-engineering of the non-binding surface. The molecule displayed rapid blood clearance in all species investigated and excellent targeting capacity in tumor bearing mice, leading to high tumor-to-organ-ratios and high contrast imaging shortly after injection.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Elenius, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Whose landscapes it anyway? : A multidisciplinary study on the concept of landscapes, and its potential to bridge the gap between social and ecological systems
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the paper is to explore, within a multidisciplinary context, in which way the relation between indigenous people and protected nature, such as national parks, are interpreted from the perspective of different theories with a holistic approach:• Is there a consistent theory that can explain the post-modern role of indigenous people within nature and landscape?• In which way can theories within different disciplines be combined in order to do multi-disciplinary research?• Which methods shall be used in order to achieve results?The researchers come from the disciplines of history, political science and law. Our case is the Sámi within the reindeer herding area of Norway, Sweden and Finland.From an historical perspective much of the winning from natural resources around the world is the result of the former colonial systems and Western dominion. In that way, the dynamics of landscapes is part of a global power system that is remote from the indigenous people, who lived in that landscape with their own perceptions of nature and natural resource management at the time when the colonists came to dominate. With the de-colonisation of power relations after the Second World War, the role of indigenous populations within nature has been reinterpreted, acknowledging social as well as cultural aspects of indigenous traditions and customary rights. In the same time the concept of "nature" has shifted to "landscape" and the concept of "wilderness" has changed to the more cultivated and urban notion of "park" for leisure activities (Hägerstrand 1991; Mels 1999; Svensson 2000; Saltzman 2001; Wramner&Nygård 2010). These changes comprise not only biophysical elements of nature, but also human (socio-cultural) elements including land uses and infrastructures, but also aesthetic values such as scenic beauty. One recent example of policy shift is the adoption of the European Landscape Convention from 2000 negotiated within the Council of Europe. In Sweden it enters into force in May 2011. It will form yet another tool for protecting nature and cultural areas, defined as "landscapes", touching upon judicial issues such as the rights to land and landscapes but also around political ideas on what type of activity that should be preserved or prioritized in the management of the landscape. In relation to this policy shift there is a vivid debate on how landscapes could be managed e.g. through partnerships between national and local level actors to better accommodate local resource uses.The negotiation between different agents and groups, on the utilisation of natural resources and landscapes, is complex. To grasp this complexity different theories must be used in research, and also the encounter of different disciplines (Grgas&Larsen 1994; Harvey 1996; Hornborg&Pálsson 2000; Gunderson & Holling 2002; Berkhout et.al 2003; Sörlin&Warde 2009). In order to investigate the area of northern Fennoscandinavia these theories of land use must be combined with theories about ethnicity and indigenous rights, since the Sámi has a specific legal status. However, the exact statusand protection of the Sámi differs among the three countries. The understanding of their traditional land rights also differs, but in principle their customarily based rights are recognized, i.e. rights that are established by long-time possession and use. Concerning policy implementation related to resource uses in primarily remote areas, the legal rules comprise of a complex set of instruments regarding different aspects of nature conservation, physical planning and the Sámi traditional land use. This overlap consists on several levels; regionally, nationally and internationally. The EU law may be regarded as a part of national law since directives are implemented though national provisions and measures (Bengtsson 2004; Allard 2006). This is complicated even further by the fact that legislation and case law related to the Sámi vary in Norway, Sweden and Finland, thus also the connection between indigenous rights and the utilization of nature in a broad meaning (Sandell 2000; Beach 2000; Nyssönen 2004; Elenius 2006; Sandström 2008; Sande 2009). In this northern context a sustainable use of nature must also be connected to human rights values inscribed in a post-colonial discourse (Engerman&Metzer 2004; Igoe 2004; Elenius 2009).The paper is part of the multi-disciplinary Formas project "Indigenous rights and nature conservation in Fennoscandinavia" carried out 2010-2013 (Luleå University of Technology, Umeå University, Tromsö University). In the project three senior researchers (history, political science, law) and two doctoral candidates (history, political science) is investigating the parallel discources of indigenous rights and nature conservation within the reindeer herding area of Norway, Sweden and Finland.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Hjorth, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Hög överlevnad efter barncancer, ibland till högt pris : [High survival after childhood cancer, sometimes at a high price]
- 2010
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm : Sveriges läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 107:42, s. 2572-2575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I dag lever 80 procent av patienterna med cancer i barn- och ungdomsåren fem år efter diagnos.Ungefär 6 000–7 000 individer i Sverige är före detta barncancerpatienter.Sena komplikationer till sjukdom och behandling ses hos 60–70 procent av överlevarna.Extra utsatta är de med hjärntumör, de som strålbehandlats och vissa grupper som stamcellstransplanterats.Inte alla som behandlats för cancer i barn- och ungdomsåren drabbas av sena komplikationer.En kohortstudie bestående av alla i Norden som under 20 års ålder insjuknade i cancer (n ≈55 000) åren 1943–2008 har påbörjats 2010.Riktlinjer för uppföljning efter barncancer baserat på given behandling har tagits fram av Svenska arbetsgruppen för långtidsuppföljning efter barncancer (SALUB).
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| 12. |
- Hsiao, Ching-Lien, et al.
(författare)
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Composition tunable Al1-xInxN nanorod arrays grown by ultra-high-vacuum magnetron sputter epitaxy
- 2011
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Self-assembled ternary Al1-xInxN nanorod arrays with variable In concentration, 0.10 ≤ x ≤ 0.32 have been realized onto c-plane sapphire substrates by ultra-high-vacuum magnetron sputter epitaxy with Ti0.21Zr0.79N or VN seed layers assistance. The formation of nanorods was very sensitive to the applied seed layer. Without proper seed layer assistance a continuous Al1-xInxN film was grown. The nanorods exhibit hexagonal crosssections with preferential growth along the c axis. A coaxial rod structure with higher In concentration in the core was observed by (scanning) transmission electron microscopy in combination with low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy and energy dispersive xray spectroscopy. 5 K cathodoluminescence spectroscopy of Al0.86In0.14N nanorods revealed band edge emission at ~5.46 eV, which was accompanied by a strong defectrelated emission at ~ 3.38 eV.
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| 13. |
- Hsiao, Ching-Lien, et al.
(författare)
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Curved-lattice epitaxial growth of chiral AlInN twisted nanorods for optical applications
- 2012
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite of using chiral metamaterials to manipulate light polarization states has been demonstrated their great potential for applications such as invisible cloaks, broadband or wavelength-tunable circular polarizers, microreflectors, etc. in the past decade [1-6], operating wavelength in ultraviolet-visible range is still a challenge issue. Since these chiral structures often consist of metallic materials, their operation is designed for the infrared and microwave regions [2-4]. Here, we show how a controlled curved-lattice epitaxial growth (CLEG) of wide-bandgap AlInN semiconductor curved nanocrystals [7] can be exploited as a novel route for tailoring chiral nanostructures in the form of twisted nanorods (TNRs). The fabricated TNRs are shown to reflect light with a high degree of polarization as well as a high degree of circular polarization (that is, nearly circularly polarized light) in the ultravioletvisible region. The obtained polarization is shown to be dependent on the handedness of the TNRs.
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| 14. |
- Hsiao, Ching-Lien, et al.
(författare)
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Spontaneous Formation of AlInN Core–Shell Nanorod Arrays by Ultrahigh-Vacuum Magnetron Sputter Epitaxy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Express. - : Japan Society of Applied Physics. - 1882-0786. ; 4:115002
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spontaneous formation of AlInN core–shell nanorod arrays with variable In concentration has been realized by ultrahigh-vacuum magnetron sputter epitaxy with Ti0.21Zr0.79N or VN seed layer assistance. The nanorods exhibit hexagonal cross sections with preferential growth along the c-axis. A core–shell rod structure with a higher In concentration in the core was observed by (scanning) transmission electron microscopy in combination with low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 5 K cathodoluminescence spectroscopy of Al0.86In0.14N nanorods revealed band edge emission at ∼5.46 eV, which was accompanied by a strong defect-related emission at ∼3.38 eV
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Kareem, Heewa, et al.
(författare)
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Blocking EGFR in the liver improves the tumor-to-liver uptake ratio of radiolabeled EGF
- 2010
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Ingår i: Tumor Biology. - : Springer. - 1010-4283 .- 1423-0380. ; 31:2, s. 79-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in several types of malignant tumors correlates with disease progression. EGFR could, therefore, be an excellent candidate for targeted radionuclide diagnostics. However, the high natural expression of EGFR in the liver may be problematic. The aim of this study was to improve the tumor-to-liver ratio of radiolabeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) by blocking its uptake by the liver with a nonradiolabeled EGFR-targeting molecule in tumorbearing mice. Intraperitoneally injected nonradiolabeled EGF was first evaluated as a blocking agent, preadministered at various time intervals before intravenous injection of 125I-labeled EGF. The anti-EGFR Affibody molecule (ZEGFR:955)2 was then assessed as a blocking agent of 111In-labeled EGF in a dual isotope study (50, 100, and 200μg, preadministered 30 or 60 min before 111In-EGF). The 30-min preadministration of nonradiolabeled EGF significantly decreased 125I-EGF uptake in the liver, whereas uptake in the tumor remained unchanged. Furthermore, preadministration of only 50μg (ZEGFR:955)2 as a blocking agent 30 min before the 111In-EGF decreased the uptake of 111In-EGF by the liver and increased its uptake by the tumor, thereby increasing the tumor-to-liver ratio sixfold. We conclude that the Affibody molecule (ZEGFR:955)2 shows promise as a blocking agent that could enhance the outcome of radionuclide-based EGFRexpressing tumor diagnostics and imaging.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Ljunggren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Recruitment failure of coastal predatory fish in the Baltic Sea coincident with an offshore ecosystem regime shift
- 2010
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Ingår i: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 67:8, s. 1587-1595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dominant coastal predatory fish in the southwestern Baltic Sea, perch and pike, have decreased markedly in abundance during the past decade. An investigation into their recruitment at 135 coastal sites showed that both species suffered from recruitment failures, mainly in open coastal areas. A detailed study of 15 sites showed that areas with recruitment problems were also notable for mortality of early-stage larvae at the onset of exogenous food-intake. At those sites, zooplankton abundance predicted 83 and 34% of the variation in young of the year perch and pike, respectively, suggesting that the declines were caused by recruitment failure attributable to zooplankton food limitation. Incidences of recruitment failure match in time an offshore trophic cascade that generated massive increases in planktivorous sprat and decreases in zooplankton biomass in the early 1990s. Therefore, sprat biomass explained 53% of the variation in perch recruitment from 1994 to 2007 at an open coastal site, where three-spined stickleback also increased exponentially after 2002. The results indicate that the dramatic change in the offshore ecosystem may have propagated to the coast causing declines of the dominating coastal predators perch and pike followed by an increase in the abundance of small-bodied fish.
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| 19. |
- Muhammad, Junaid, et al.
(författare)
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Stress Evolution during Growth of GaN (0001)/Al2O3 (0001) by Reactive DC Magnetron Sputter Epitaxy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics D. - : IOP Publishing. - 0022-3727 .- 1361-6463. ; 47:14, s. 145301-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the real time stress evolution, by in-situ curvature measurements, during magnetron sputter epitaxy of GaN (0001) epilayers at different growth temperatures, directly on Al2O3 (0001) substrates. The epilayers are grown by sputtering from a liquid Ga target in a mixed N2/Ar discharge. For 600 °C, a tensile biaxial stress evolution is observed, while for 700 °C and 800 °C, compressive stress evolutions are observed. Structural characterization by crosssectional transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy revealed that films grew at 700 °C and 800 °C in a layer-by-layer mode while a growth temperature of 600 °C led to an island growth mode. High resolution Xray diffraction data showed that edge and screw threading dislocation densities decreased with increasing growth temperature with a total density of 5.5×1010 cm-2. The observed stress evolution and growth modes are explained by a high adatom mobility during magnetron sputter epitaxy at 700 - 800 °C. Also other possible reasons for the different stress evolutions are discussed.
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| 20. |
- Muhammad, Junaid, et al.
(författare)
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Two-domain formation during the epitaxial growth of GaN (0001) on c-plane Al2O3 (0001) by high power impulse magnetron sputtering
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 110:12, s. 123519-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the effect of high power pulses in reactive magnetron sputter epitaxy on the structural properties of GaN (0001) thin films grown directly on Al2O3 (0001) substrates. The epilayers are grown by sputtering from a liquid Ga target, using a high power impulse magnetron sputtering power supply in a mixed N2/Ar discharge. X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman, micro-photoluminescence, and transmission electron microscopy investigations show the formation of two distinct types of domains. One almost fully relaxed domain exhibits superior structural and optical properties as evidenced by rocking curves with a full width at half maximum of 885 arc sec and a low temperature band edge luminescence at 3.47 eV with the full width at half maximum of 10 meV. The other domain exhibits a 14 times higher isotropic strain component, which is due to the higher densities of the point and extended defects, resulting from the ion bombardment during growth. Voids form at the domain boundaries. Mechanisms for the formation of differently strained domains, along with voids during the epitaxial growth of GaN are discussed.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Norström, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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A gluten-free diet effectively reduces symptoms and health care consumption in a Swedish celiac disease population
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC Gastroenterology. - 1471-230X. ; 12:1, s. 125-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A gluten-free diet is the only available treatment for celiac disease. Our aim was to investigate the effect of a gluten-free diet on celiac disease related symptoms, health care consumption, and the risk of developing associated immune-mediated diseases.METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 1,560 randomly selected members of the Swedish Society for Coeliacs, divided into equal-sized age- and sex strata; 1,031 (66%) responded. Self-reported symptoms, health care consumption (measured by health care visits and hospitalization days), and missed working days were reported both for the year prior to diagnosis (normal diet) and the year prior to receiving the questionnaire while undergoing treatment with a gluten-free diet. Associated immune-mediated diseases (diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatic disease, thyroid disease, vitiligo, alopecia areata and inflammatory bowel disease) were self-reported including the year of diagnosis.RESULTS: All investigated symptoms except joint pain improved after diagnosis and initiated gluten-free diet. Both health care consumption and missed working days decreased. Associated immune-mediated diseases were diagnosed equally often before and after celiac disease diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS: Initiated treatment with a gluten-free diet improves the situation for celiac disease patients in terms of reduced symptoms and health care consumption. An earlier celiac disease diagnosis is therefore of great importance.
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| 25. |
- Rist, Lucy, et al.
(författare)
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A new paradigm for adaptive management
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 18:4, s. 63-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uncertainty is a pervasive feature in natural resource management. Adaptive management, an approach that focuses on identifying critical uncertainties to be reduced via diagnostic management experiments, is one favored approach for tackling this reality. While adaptive management is identified as a key method in the environmental management toolbox, there remains a lack of clarity over when its use is appropriate or feasible. Its implementation is often viewed as suitable only in a limited set of circumstances. Here we restructure some of the ideas supporting this view, and show why much of the pessimism around AM may be unwarranted. We present a new framework for deciding when AM is appropriate, feasible, and subsequently successful. We thus present a new paradigm for adaptive management that shows that there are no categorical limitations to its appropriate use, the boundaries of application being defined by problem conception and the resources available to managers. In doing so we also separate adaptive management as a management tool, from the burden of failures that result from the complex policy, social, and institutional environment within which management occurs.
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| 26. |
- Sandström, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Brain activation patterns in major depressive disorder and work stress-related long-term sick leave among swedish females
- 2012
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Ingår i: Stress. - London : Informa Healthcare. - 1025-3890 .- 1607-8888. ; 15:5, s. 503-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deficits in executive and working-memory functioning associated with frontal lobe dysfunction are prominent in depression and work-related long-term sick leave (LTSL). This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate potential differences in brain activation patterns in these conditions. In addition, the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis was examined and compared between groups. Since there is a clear overrepresentation of women in these diagnostic groups, and to ensure a more homogenous sample population, only women were included. To examine the neural correlates of relevant cognitive processes in patients on sick-leave > 90 days due to work-related LTSL, recently diagnosed patients with major depression (DSM-IV criteria, untreated), and healthy controls (n=10 each group), a 2-back working memory task and a visual long-term memory task were administered during fMRI scanning. HPA-axis functioning was investigated using a diurnal curve of saliva cortisol and a dexamethasone suppression test. Task performance was comparable among the three groups. Multivariate image analysis revealed that both memory tasks engaged a similar brain network in all three groups, including the prefrontal and parietal cortex. During the 2-back task, LTSL patients had significant frontal hypoactivation compared to controls and patients with depression. Saliva cortisol measurements showed a flattening of the diurnal rythmicity in LTSL patients compared to patients with depression and healthy contols. Taken together, these findings indicate that work stress-related LTSL and major depression are dissociable in terms of frontal activation and diurnal cortisol rhythmicity.
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| 27. |
- Sandström, Agneta, 1959-
(författare)
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Neurocognitive and endocrine dysfunction in women with exhaustion syndrome
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stress has emerged as one of the most important factors to consider in psychiatric diagnoses and has become a common reason for long-term sick leave (LTSL). Roughly 50% of LTSL due to psychiatric diseases are thought to be associated with work-related stress. The demarcation towards major depression is disputed, and no international consensus exists for how to diagnose and rehabilitate these individuals. The Swedish National Board of Health has suggested the term “exhaustion syndrome” to integrate these individuals into stress-related disorders. Prominent features of this syndrome are fatigue, sleeping disorders, and cognitive dysfunction. The cognitive dysfunction may be due to an interaction between personality features, environmental factors, the biological effects of stress hormones, and dysfunction in key brain areas, notably the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. A consistent feature of chronic stress is activation of the cortisol, or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, axis, which may be linked to cognitive dysfunction. Increased glucocorticoid levels, mainly cortisol in humans, are known to impair memory performance. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether patients with exhaustion syndrome exhibit specific alterations in an extensive set of biological, psychological and immunological variables. Patients in Study 1 had significant cognitive impairment for specific tasks assumed to tap frontal lobe functioning. In Study 2 anxiety prone, worrying, pessimistic individuals with low executive drive and a persistent personality type were more likely to develop exhaustion syndrome. Decreased reactivity was found on the pituitary level after corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) in exhaustion syndrome patients. The cortisol/adrenocorticotropic hormone response to CRH was slightly higher in patients compared to controls, indicating increased sensitivity at the adrenal cortex level. No differences were found in hippocampal volume. In Study 3, functional imaging revealed a different pattern of brain activation in working memory tests in patients with exhaustion syndrome compared to healthy individuals and patients with depression. In summary, our data suggests an intimate link between personality and wellbeing, cognitive performance and neuroendocrine dysfunction, in exhaustion syndrome. We thus find similarities with major depression but also distinct differences between the exhaustion syndrome and major depression.
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| 28. |
- Sandström, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Renar och vindkraft : studie från anläggningen av två vindkraftparker i Malå sameby
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vindkraft är en källa till förnyelsebar energi, men det finns en oro över negativa effekter på nyckelarter i både skogsområdet och i fjällområdet. I vår genomgång av tidigare rapporter om effekter av störningar på ren och caribou visas att renar kan undvika områden med infrastruktur och mänsklig aktivitet med upp till 10-15 km. När man får effekter av en störningskälla på stora avstånd, dvs. på den regionala skalan (> 2 km), har renarnas beteende i relation till en störningskälla på lokal nivå (< 2 km) mindre betydelse i en helhetsbedömning av störningskällans betydelse. För att få en helhetsbild av hur renarna använder sitt betesområde är det därför viktigt att långsiktigt studera renarnas användning av hela betesområdet, eftersom användningen kan skifta från år till år och mellan olika säsonger beroende på väderlek och andra yttre förutsättningar. I den här rapporten vill vi delge ny information om hur befintlig infrastruktur i form av vägar och kraftledningar i landskapet och byggfasen av ny infrastruktur för vindkraft påverkar renens fria strövning inom ett sommarbetesområde i skogen. I Malå kommun i Västerbottens län byggdes från maj 2010 till november 2011 två mindre vindkraftsparker, om 8 respektive 10 verk, på bergen Storliden och Jokkmokksliden ett par mil norr om Malå samhälle. Området i och omkring vindkraftparkerna används av renarna i Malå sameby under hela barmarksperioden och då framförallt under kalvning och försommar. Data som representerar renarnas användning av området under den här tiden har samlats in både före (år 2008 och 2009) och under byggfasen (år 2010 och 2011). Det har gjorts genom att göra spillningsinventeringar över området under 2008-2011, vi har även analyserat renarnas rörelsemönster och hemområden under 2008-2010 genom att analysera positionsdata från GPS-halsband som suttit på 9-16 vajor som rört sig i området. Med analyser av renarnas rörelsehastighet, samt hemområdesutbredning i förhållande till väderlek, vegetation, avstånd till eller täthet av infrastruktur kan vi studera vad som styr renarnas rörelsemönster. Vi har här studerat hur området där parkerna har konstruerats har påverkat renarnas val av betesområde vilket ger en bild av den sammanlagda påverkan i området under byggfasen. Området runt bergen Storliden och Jokkmokksliden kännetecknas av kuperad skogsterräng varvat med sjöar, myrar och skogar. Det är sedan tidigare präglat av skogsbruk och av gruv- och täktverksamhet. Några allmänna riksvägar delar av studieområdet i tre sektioner. Östra och västra delen separeras av den allmänna vägen norrut mot Mörttjärn (vägnr 1031) och av flera mindre byar. Det östra området delas sedan i en nordlig och en sydlig del av vägen mellan Östra Lainejaure och Grundträsk, samt en kraftledningsgata med en 30 kV- kraftledning som sträcker sig i öst-västlig riktning genom hela studieområdet, vilken breddades under projektperioden för att ge plats för en 145-kV kraftledning. De relativt branta bergssidorna på framförallt Jokkmokksliden och de mindre berg som ligger öster om Jokkmokksliden och sjöarna i området, gör att de naturliga passagerna för renarna förbi de båda bergen blir som smala korridorer i terrängen. Med hjälp av GPS-data har vi skattat renarnas hemområden samt identifierat 7 möjliga naturliga passager mellan de olika betesområdena, fyra stycken går över Mörttjärnvägen och tre passager går över Grundträskvägen. De fyra passagerna som går över Mörttjärnvägen ligger alla i närheten (0-4 km) av de berg där vindkraftsparkerna har byggts och användningen av dessa ser ut att ha påverkats negativt under etableringen av vägar, kraftledningar och vindkraftverken i vindkraftparkerna. Detta bekräftas också i den statistiska analysen av renens hemområden. Renarnas rörelser i passagerna över Grundträskvägen verkar vara mer opåverkade. Dessa passager ligger också en bit bort (4-8 km) från de berg som har bebyggts med vindkraftparkerna. Renens tydliga reduktion i användningen av dessa passager i närheten av utbyggnadsområdet kan därför mest troligt förklaras av störningar under byggfasen av vindkraftparkerna. Resultaten från skattningen av habitatmodellerna för både spillning och GPS-data visar på ett negativt samband mellan en ökad täthet av vindkraftsparkerna och dess infrastruktur och förekomst av ren. Det fanns dock en skillnad i hur renarna använde de två bergen redan före byggstart. Enligt renskötarna i området, samt enligt spillnings- och GPS-data använde renarna Jokkmokksliden mindre jämfört med Storliden och övriga regionen. Den här skillnaden kan förklaras av att det är sämre renbeteskvalité på Jokkmokksliden jämfört med på Storliden. Mängden inventerad spillning över hela studieområdet under sista året av byggfasen var 60 procent lägre än under året före byggstart, och på Storliden var mängden spillning hela 80 procent lägre, medan det var liten skillnad i mängden spillning på Jokkmokksliden mellan de olika åren. Under 2010 fann vi också att renarna undvek en buffertzon på 3.5 km runt anläggningarna, före byggstart undveks endast Jokkmokksliden med 3 km. Spillningsdata visade vidare att renarna undvek den befintliga 30 kV-kraftledningen samt den nya 36 kV-kraftledningen på framförallt Jokkmokksliden under första årets byggfas men inte under det andra året. Förklaringen till detta är förmodligen att ledningarna på Jokkmokksliden anlades under 2010 medan de på Storliden anlades under 2011 och bägge ledningarna togs i drift först i december 2011. Renarna har alltså undvikit området under byggfasen men inte själva kraftledningen när den inte varit i drift. Dessa kraftledningar är betydligt mindre kraftledningar än de 132-420 kV-kraftledningar som har dokumenterad negativ effekt på domesticerad ren och vildren i Norge. Analysen av GPS-data visar också tydligt att renarna har en ökad rörelsehastighet (vilket kan liknas vid sämre betesutnyttjande) i närheten av de allmänna vägarna och att de också undviker att vistas nära allmänna vägar. Vindkraftsanläggningar medför nästan alltid en koncentration av vägar, transformatorstationer och kraftledningar inom ett väldigt litet området. Till skillnad från själva vindkraftparken, som ofta är placerad högt upp i terrängen, kan tillhörande infrastruktur i dalgångar och låglänt terräng påverka renarnas naturliga vandringsvägar mellan olika betesmarker och leda till en ytterligare fragmentering av landskapet. Om man ska bygga vindkraftparker i renskötselområdet på höjder och berg där man kommit fram till att parken inte stör rennäringen, är det alltså av yttersta vikt att också planera infrastrukturen kring vindkraftparken så att den inte stör renarnas vandringsvägar mellan olika betesområden. Dessa studier är genomförda före och under byggfasen och resultaten visar att renarna har påverkats negativt i användningen av området under byggfasen, fler studier behövs för att få en uppfattning om hur vindkraften påverkar renarna under driftsfasen som kan vara i 20-25 år. Kunskapen om hur bullret från turbinerna påverkar djuren är mycket begränsad. Kommer renarna att återvända till området och bruka det i samma utsträckning som innan vindkraftverken byggdes? Man ska också ta i beaktande att detta var en byggfas av relativt små vindkraftsparker om endast 8 och 10 verk, men ändå har de en betydande påverkan på renarnas användning av området, uppförandet av större parker får sannolikt inte mindre påverkan på renarnas möjlighet att använda betesmarkerna effektivt under byggfasen. Sammantaget visar resultaten i studien att renarna har undvikit området, reducerat användningen av flyttvägar i närheten av utbyggnadsområdet under byggfasen av vindkraftparkerna jämfört med före byggfas. I tillägg har vi också sett ett undvikande av befintlig infrastruktur, som större vägar och kraftledningar (30 kV-145 kV). Resultaten överensstämmer väl med tidigare studier av både domesticerad ren, vildren och caribou.
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| 29. |
- Sandström, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Wind power turbine infrastructure impacts reindeer migration and movement corridors
- 2014
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Ingår i: NJF Report. - 1653-2015. ; 10, s. 11-11
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Fennoscandia are herded in a pastoral system, where the animals move freely in the landscape during most of the year. One of the major threats for contemporary Sámi reindeer husbandry is habitat loss due to direct or indirect impact from competing land use. Over the last decade, we have seen a massive increase in the planning and construction of wind farms in Fennoscandia. Wind turbine “farms” containing hundreds of wind turbines, roads and powerlines are being planned and built, with little knowledge of the possible adverse effects on reindeer husbandry and the habitat use and migrations of free-ranging reindeer, as well as other species. Until today there are only a few studies that have quantified the effect of wind farm sites evaluating reindeer use of the area. We have collected data (GPS-data and reindeer faecal pellet-group counts) from reindeer summer grazing ranges in Malå herding community and Byrkije herding district’s winter ranges in Sweden. Preliminary results show avoidance effects of the wind farm area, and change in the use of migration trails and movement corridors around wind farm construction sites. Sudden avoidance by reindeer of previously used high quality grazing ranges exposed to new development and loss or reduced use of previously used movement corridors and migration trails leads to less flexibility in the reindeer husbandry lowering their resilience towards other environmental changes, such as climate.
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| 30. |
- Sandström, Sara, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Kulturella sektorn i Arvika : En kartläggning av kulturell verksamhet och samarbete inom Arvika kommun
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I föreliggande rapport redovisas en kartläggning av den kulturella sektorn i Arvika kommun i Värmland. Studien har genomförts av Cerut, Centrum för forskning om regional utveckling, vid Karlstads universitet. Syftet är att ge underlag för Region Värmland och Arvika kommuns fortsatta arbete med att initiera och stödja utvecklingsprocesser inom denna sektor. De delmoment som ingick i uppdragets omfattning är följande: kartlägga den kulturella sektorns omfattning och nätverk i Arvika kommun undersöka utvecklingspotentialen hos den kulturella sektorn i form av nätverksträffar samt undersöka möjligheterna för innovativa processer och mikrokluster undersöka behovet av kunskaps- och kompetensutveckling för den kulturella sektorn diskutera strategier för hållbar platsutveckling – en helhetsstruktur som tillvaratar platsens särarter och identitet i samklang med utveckling av kreativa miljöer till gagn för invånare, besökare, företag och andra organisationer bidra till metodutveckling med ett verktyg som är användbart i bland annat övriga Värmland Det finns en problematik runt definitionen gällande begreppen kulturella och kreativa näringar. I skilda undersökningar och utvärderingar runt om i landet så förekommer en viss variation bland dessa definitioner beroende på olika faktorer, en av dessa faktorer kan vara de olika inspirationskällor ur ett nationellt/internationellt perspektiv som legat till grund för avgränsningen. Det kan även handla om hänsynen till den specifika platsen som sådan, samt syftet med själva undersökningen eller utvärderingen. Vi ger några kortfattade exempel på olika undersökningar angående kulturella och kreativa näringar där definitionerna av begreppet skiljer sig något åt. Syftet har varit, med tanke på den metodutveckling som ligger till grund för föreliggande undersökning, att visa på olika definitioner och metoder utifrån skilda undersökningar utförda av olika intressenter. Det begrepp vi valt att använda i föreliggande undersökning är den kulturella sektorn. Metoden som den här studien bygger på är en enkätundersökning, sex intervjuer och en översiktlig genomgång av den kulturella sektorn i Arvika enligt SNI-koder. Enligt den empiriska studien visade det sig att den kulturella sektorn i Arvika består av många små en- eller fåmansföretag, i huvudsak enskilda firmor men det finns också många ideella föreningar. Till den största delen består den kulturella sektorn i Arvika av företag som är inriktade på kultur-/naturarv, scenkonst och konst, design och hantverk. Detta är också förenligt med den tradition som startade förra sekelskiftet då det var en immigrering av konstnärer, konsthantverkare och musiker till Arvikatrakten. Man kan också se tydliga indicier på hur kulturarvet i Arvika påverkar traditionen inom konst och musik än idag. Sammanfattningsvis kan resultatet av denna studie tolkas som att det finns många positiva sidor för företag inom den kulturella sektorn av att vara lokaliserad just i Arvika kommun. Den positiva andan, det gynnsamma föreningsengagemanget och traditionen vad det gäller konsthantverk och musik har stor betydelse.
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| 31. |
- Snickars, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Habitat selectivity of substrate-spawning fish: modelling requirements for the Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Marine Ecology Progress Series. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 398, s. 235-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Substrate spawning fish are believed to be selective in their choice of spawning habitat,yet few studies have shown the relative importance of different characteristics in terms of habitatquality. We used an extensive and detailed dataset to identify the factors that govern both large-scale(1 000 to 100 000 m) and local-scale (10 to 100 m) selection by a substrate-spawning fish, the Eurasian perchPerca fluviatilis L. Distribution of spawning habitat was strongly dependent on habitat characteristicsdefined by substrate, wave exposure, temperature and depth. The most important predictor was thetype of spawning substrate, which generally consisted of different types of vegetation. Substratesproviding rigidity and structural complexity were preferred, despite abundant presence of other substratetypes. Shallow depth and sheltered areas were also selected habitat characteristics. Theresponse to temperature was scale-dependent, with a stronger selection expressed at the local scale.The specific selectivity suggests that spawning patterns can be successfully modelled with sufficientdetail using only a few fundamental environmental variables. Wave exposure and depth are readilyavailable for large-scale spatial predictions, while temperature and substrate require further developmentin most coastal areas. The high specificity of the characteristics determining habitat qualitysuggests that it should be possible to apply this modelling approach for identification and conservationof spawning habitats of Eurasian perch and other substrate-spawning fishes in coastal waters.
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| 32. |
- Tolmachev, Vladimir, et al.
(författare)
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HEHEHE-Tagged Affibody Molecule May Be Purified by IMAC, Is Conveniently Labeled with [Tc-99m(CO)(3)](+), and Shows Improved Biodistribution with Reduced Hepatic Radioactivity Accumulation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Bioconjugate chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1043-1802 .- 1520-4812. ; 21:11, s. 2013-2022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Affibody molecules are a class of small (ca. 7 kDa) robust scaffold proteins suitable for radionuclide molecular imaging of therapeutic targets in vivo. A hexahistidine tag at the N-terminus streamlines development of new imaging probes by enabling facile purification using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), as well as convenient [Tc-99m(CO)(3)](+)-labeling. However, previous studies in mice have demonstrated that Affibody molecules labeled by this method yield higher liver accumulation of radioactivity, compared to the same tracer lacking the hexahistidine tag and labeled by an alternative method. Two variants of the HER2-binding Affibody molecule Z(HER2:342) were made in an attempt to create a tagged tracer that could be purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography, yet would not result in anomalous hepatic radioactivity accumulation following labeling with [Tc-99m(CO)(3)](+). In one construct, the hexahistidine tag was moved to the C-terminus. In the other construct, every second histidine residue in the hexahistidine tag was replaced by the more hydrophilic glutamate, resulting in a HEHEHE-tag. Both variants, denoted Z(HER2:342)-H-6 and (HE)(3)-Z(HER2:342), respectively, could be efficiently purified using IMAC and stably labeled with [Tc-99m(CO)(3)](+) and were subsequently compared with the parental H-6-Z(HER2:342) having an N-terminal hexahistidine tag. All three variants were demonstrated to specifically bind to HER2-expressing cells in vitro. The hepatic accumulation of radioactivity in a murine model was 2-fold lower with [Tc-99m(CO)(3)](+)-Z(HER2:342)-H-6 compared to [Tc-99m(CO)(3)](+)-H-6-Z(HER2:342), and more than 10-fold lower with [Tc-99m(CO)(3)](+)-(HE)(3)-Z(HER2:342). These differences translated into appreciably superior tumor-to-liver ratio for [Tc-99m(CO)(3)](+)-(HE)(3)-Z(HER2:342) compared to the alternative conjugates. This information might be useful for development of other scaffold-based molecular imaging probes.
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| 33. |
- Tolmachev, Vladimir, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging of Insulinlike Growth Factor Type 1 Receptor in Prostate Cancer Xenografts Using the Affibody Molecule (111)In-DOTA-Z(IGF1R:4551)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - : Society of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505 .- 1535-5667 .- 2159-662X. ; 53:1, s. 90-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the pathways leading to androgen independence in prostate cancer involves upregulation of insulinlike growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R). Radionuclide imaging of IGF-1R in tumors might be used for selection of patients who would most likely benefit from IGF-1R-targeted therapy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of in vivo radionuclide imaging of IGF-1R expression in prostate cancer xenografts using a small nonimmunoglobulin-derived binding protein called an Affibody molecule. Methods: The IGF-1R-binding Z(IGF1R:4551) Affibody molecule was site-specifically conjugated with a maleimido derivative of DOTA and labeled with (111)In. The binding of radiolabeled Z(IGF1R:4551) to IGF-1R-expressing cells was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results: DOTA-Z(IGF1R:4551) can be stably labeled with (111)In with preserved specific binding to IGF-1R-expressing cells in vitro. In mice, (111)In-DOTAZ(IGF1R):(4551) accumulated in IGF-1R-expressing organs (pancreas, stomach, lung, and salivary gland). Receptor saturation experiments demonstrated that targeting of DU-145 prostate cancer xenografts in NMRI nu/nu mice was IGF-1R-specific. The tumor uptake was 1.1 +/- 0.3 percentage injected dose per gram, and the tumor-to-blood ratio was 3.2 +/- 0.2 at 8 h after injection. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of in vivo targeting of IGF-1R-expressing prostate cancer xenografts using an Affibody molecule. Further development of radiolabeled Affibody molecules might provide a useful clinical tool for stratification of patients with prostate cancer for IGF-1R-targeting therapy.
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| 34. |
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