| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Lundin Frisk, Emrik, 1994, et al.
(författare)
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The geosystem services concept – What is it and can it support subsurface planning?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecosystem Services. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0416. ; 58
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The subsurface is a multifunctional natural resource. However, a mindset of “out of sight, out of mind” and a first-come-first-served principle are prevalent when accessing these resources, compromising fair intergenerational and intragenerational distribution and sustainable development. As with the ecosystem services (ES) concept, which acknowledges the contribution of the living part of nature to human well-being, the concept of geosystem services (GS) has been suggested as a way to highlight abiotic services and services provided by the subsurface. The overall aim of this study was to review current definitions of GS and their categorisation, and to suggest how the concept of GS can support subsurface planning. A systematic literature review on GS was carried out following the PRISMA protocol drawing from the Scopus database. The emerging picture from the reviewed articles is that the GS concept is both one of novelty and one currently showing inconsistency, with two prominent definitions: A) GS are abiotic services that are the direct result of the planet's geodiversity, independent of the interactions with biotic nature – there is no differentiation between suprasurface and subsurface features, and B) GS provide benefits specifically resulting from the subsurface. Thirty-one out of thirty-nine GS listed in the reviewed literature are included in the abiotic extension of the common ES framework CICES v5.1, but some essential services are omitted. A unified definition of GS is desirable to build a common framework for classifying and describing GS, potentially following the CICES structure for ES. Such a framework can support systematic inclusion of GS in planning processes and contribute to improved subsurface planning. In planning practice, there are examples of important GS that are already included under the ES umbrella because planners are aware of their importance but a comprehensive framework to handle these services is lacking.
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| 3. |
- Norström, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Is mass screening for coeliac disease a wise use of resources? A health economic evaluation
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Gastroenterology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-230X. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Living with undiagnosed symptomatic coeliac disease is connected with deteriorated health, and persons with coeliac disease often wait a long time for their diagnosis. A mass screening would lower the delay, but its cost-effectiveness is still unclear. Our aim was to determine the cost-effectiveness of a coeliac disease mass screening at 12 years of age, taking a life course perspective on future benefits and drawbacks. Methods: The cost-effectiveness was derived as cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) using a Markov model. As a basis for our assumptions, we mainly used information from the Exploring the Iceberg of Celiacs in Sweden (ETICS) study, a school-based screening conducted in 2005/2006 and 2009/2010, where 13,279 12-year-old children participated and 240 were diagnosed with coeliac disease, and a study involving members of the Swedish Coeliac Association with 1031 adult participants. Results: The cost for coeliac disease screening was 40,105 Euro per gained QALY. Sensitivity analyses support screening based on high compliance to a gluten-free diet, rapid progression from symptom-free coeliac disease to coeliac disease with symptoms, long delay from celiac disease with symptoms to diagnosis, and a low QALY score for undiagnosed coeliac disease cases. Conclusions: A coeliac disease mass screening is cost-effective based on the commonly used threshold of 50,000 Euro per gained QALY. However, this is based on many assumptions, especially regarding the natural history of coeliac disease and the effects on long-term health for individuals with coeliac disease still eating gluten.
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| 4. |
- Axelsson Linkowski, Weronika, et al.
(författare)
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Shifting Strategies between Generations in Sami Reindeer Husbandry : the Challenges of Maintaining Traditions while Adapting to a Changing Context
- 2020
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Ingår i: Human Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-7839 .- 1572-9915. ; 48, s. 481-490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many traditional pastoralist systems are greatly impacted by cumulative encroachments of other land users and by climate change. Understanding land degradation and the adaptive capacity of people who are dependent on the rangelands is an urgent priority for many areas in the world. In this research we explore how changing environmental conditions affect herding strategies on winter pastures and the role of indigenous and local traditional knowledge (ILK) in Sami reindeer husbandry. Our results indicate that traditional Sami reindeer herding strategies are still practiced, but that rapidly changing environmental circumstances are forcing herders into uncharted territories where these traditional strategies and the transmission of knowledge between generations may be of limited use. For example, rotational grazing is no longer possible as all pastures are being used, and changes in climate result in unpredictable weather patterns unknown to earlier generations.
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| 5. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Body weight at age 20 and in midlife is more important than weight gain for coronary atherosclerosis: Results from SCAPIS.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 373, s. 46-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated body weight in adolescence is associated with early cardiovascular disease, but whether this association is traceable to weight in early adulthood, weight in midlife or to weight gain is not known. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of midlife coronary atherosclerosis being associated with body weight at age 20, body weight in midlife and body weight change.We used data from 25,181 participants with no previous myocardial infarction or cardiac procedure in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS, mean age 57 years, 51% women). Data on coronary atherosclerosis, self-reported body weight at age 20 and measured midlife weight were recorded together with potential confounders and mediators. Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and expressed as segment involvement score (SIS).The probability of having coronary atherosclerosis was markedly higher with increasing weight at age 20 and with mid-life weight (p<0.001 for both sexes). However, weight increase from age 20 until mid-life was only modestly associated with coronary atherosclerosis. The association between weight gain and coronary atherosclerosis was mainly seen in men. However, no significant sex difference could be detected when adjusting for the 10-year delay in disease development in women.Similar in men and women, weight at age 20 and weight in midlife are strongly related to coronary atherosclerosis while weight increase from age 20 until midlife is only modestly related to coronary atherosclerosis.
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| 6. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 7. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 8. |
- Birnbaum, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Thirteen questions about the object to Graham Harman
- 2020
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Ingår i: Artful objects : Graham Harman on art and the business of speculative realism. - Berlin ; Stockholm : Sternberg Press ; Stockholm School of Economics. - 9783956795244 ; , s. 43-72
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Chang, Jui-Che, et al.
(författare)
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Domain epitaxial growth of Ta3N5 film on c-plane sapphire substrate
- 2022
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tritantalum pentanitride (Ta3N5) semiconductor is a promising material for photoelectrolysis of water with high efficiency. Ta3N5 is a metastable phase in the complex system of TaN binary compounds. Growing stabilized single-crystal Ta3N5 films is correspondingly challenging. Here, we demonstrate the growth of a nearly single-crystal Ta3N5 film with epitaxial domains on c-plane sapphire substrate, Al2O3(0001), by magnetron sputter epitaxy. Introduction of a small amount ~2% of O2 into the reactive sputtering gas mixed with N2 and Ar facilitates the formation of a Ta3N5 phase in the film dominated by metallic TaN. In addition, we indicate that a single-phase polycrystalline Ta3N5 film can be obtained with the assistance of a Ta2O5 seed layer. With controlling thickness of the seed layer smaller than 10 nm and annealing at 1000 °C, a crystalline β phase Ta2O5 was formed, which promotes the domain epitaxial growth of Ta3N5 films on Al2O3(0001). The mechanism behind the stabilization of the orthorhombic Ta3N5 structure resides in its stacking with the ultrathin seed layer of orthorhombic β-Ta2O5, which is energetically beneficial and reduces the lattice mismatch with the substrate.
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| 10. |
- Djodjic, Faruk, et al.
(författare)
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Soils potentially vulnerable to phosphorus losses : speciation of inorganic and organic phosphorus and estimation of leaching losses
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. - : Springer. - 1385-1314 .- 1573-0867. ; 127, s. 225-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eutrophication is an important threat to aquatic ecosystems world-wide, and reliable identification of areas vulnerable to phosphorus (P) losses from diffuse sources is essential for high efficiency of mitigation measures. In this three-step study we investigated (i) relationships between the agronomic (Olsen-P and P-AL) and environmental soil P tests (P-CaCl2) with molecular techniques (P-31 NMR and XANES) followed by (ii) rainfall simulation experiment on topsoil lysimeters and (iii) comparison to long-term field measurements of water quality. Soil samples were collected from seven sites indicated to be vulnerable to nutrient losses due to underlying geology. High P release correlated to standard agronomic P tests (Olsen P, r = 0.67; and P-AL, r = 0.74) and low P sorption capacity (r = - 0.5). High content of iron-bound P compounds indicated more labile P and higher release of dissolved P (r = 0.67). The leaching experiment showed that three out of four soils with high initial soil P status had both higher P leaching concentrations before fertilization (0.83-7.7 mg P l(-1)) compared to soil with low initial soil P status (0.007-0.23 mg P l(-1)), and higher increase in P concentrations after fertilization. Higher soil P sorption capacity reduced P leaching losses. Finally, long-term monitoring data show no significant trends in P losses in a field with low initial P content and moderate P fertilization rates whereas high and over time increasing P losses were recorded in a field with high initial soil P content and repetitively high P fertilization rates.
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| 11. |
- Edlund, Lars-Erik, Professor, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Aktuell litteratur om svenska dialekter
- 2021
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Ingår i: Svenska landsmål och svenskt folkliv. - Uppsala : Kungliga Gustav Adolfs Akademien. - 0347-1837. ; 143:2020, s. 215-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
- Edlund, Lars-Erik, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Litteraturkrönika 2021
- 2022
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Ingår i: Svenska landsmål och svenskt folkliv. - Uppsala : Kungliga Gustav Adolfs Akademien. - 0347-1837. ; 144:2021, s. 103-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 13. |
- Edlund, Lars-Erik, Professor, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Litteraturkrönika 2021
- 2021
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Ingår i: Svenska landsmål och svenskt folkliv. - Uppsala : Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien för svensk folkkultur. - 0347-1837. ; 144:347, s. 103-117
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
- Edlund, Lars-Erik, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Litteraturkrönika 2022
- 2023
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Ingår i: Svenska landsmål och svenskt folkliv. - Uppsala : Kungliga Gustav Adolfs Akademien. ; :2022, s. 95-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
- Edlund, Lars-Erik, Professor, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Litteraturkrönika 2022
- 2022
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Ingår i: Svenska landsmål och svenskt folkliv. - Uppsala : Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien för svensk folkkultur. - 0347-1837. ; 145:348, s. 95-110
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
- Eklund, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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An experimental exposure study revealing composite airway effects of physical exercise in a subzero environment
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 80:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to a cold climate is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality, but the specific mechanisms are largely unknown. People with cardiopulmonary disease and winter endurance athletes are particularly vulnerable. This study aimed to map multiple domains of airway responses to exercise in subzero temperature in healthy individuals.Thirty-one healthy subjects underwent whole-body exposures for 50 minutes on two occasions in an environmental chamber with intermittent moderate-intensity exercise in +10 °C and -10 °C. Lung function, plasma/urine CC16 , and symptoms were investigated before and after exposures.Compared to baseline, exercise in -10 °C decreased FEV1 (p=0.002), FEV1/FVC (p<0.001), and increased R20Hz (p=0.016), with no differences between exposures. Reactance increased after +10 °C (p=0.005), which differed (p=0.042) from a blunted response after exercise in -10 °C. Plasma CC16 increased significantly within exposures, without differences between exposures. Exercise in -10 °C elicited more intense symptoms from the upper airways, compared to +10 °C. Symptoms from the lower airways were few and mild. Short-duration moderate-intensity exercise in -10 °C induces mild symptoms from the lower airways, no lung function decrements or enhanced leakage of biomarkers of airway epithelial injury, and no peripheral bronchodilatation, compared to exercise in +10 °C.
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| 17. |
- Eklund, Linda M., et al.
(författare)
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Cold air exposure at -15 °C induces more airway symptoms and epithelial stress during heavy exercise than rest without aggravated airway constriction
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 122:12, s. 2533-2544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Exposure to cold air may harm the airways. It is unclear to what extent heavy exercise adds to the cold-induced effects on peripheral airways, airway epithelium, and systemic immunity among healthy individuals. We investigated acute effects of heavy exercise in sub-zero temperatures on the healthy airways.Methods: Twenty-nine healthy individuals underwent whole body exposures to cold air in an environmental chamber at − 15 °C for 50 min on two occasions; a 35-min exercise protocol consisting of a 5-min warm-up followed by 2 × 15 min of running at 85% of VO2max vs. 50 min at rest. Lung function was measured by impulse oscillometry (IOS) and spirometry before and immediately after exposures. CC16 in plasma and urine, and cytokines in plasma were measured before and 60 min after exposures. Symptoms were surveyed pre-, during and post-trials.Results: FEV1 decreased after rest (− 0.10 ± 0.03 L, p < 0.001) and after exercise (− 0.06 ± 0.02 L, p = 0.012), with no difference between trials. Exercise in − 15 °C induced greater increases in lung reactance (X5; p = 0.023), plasma CC16 (p < 0.001) as well as plasma IL-8 (p < 0.001), compared to rest. Exercise induced more intense symptoms from the lower airways, whereas rest gave rise to more general symptoms.Conclusion: Heavy exercise during cold air exposure at − 15 °C induced signs of an airway constriction to a similar extent as rest in the same environment. However, biochemical signs of airway epithelial stress, cytokine responses, and symptoms from the lower airways were more pronounced after the exercise trial.
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| 18. |
- Frykholm, Erik, 1985-
(författare)
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The relevance and assessment of limb muscle function in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease that is characterised by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. Consequences beyond the airways and lungs are common, and include limb muscle dysfunction. Limb muscle dysfunction is treated with exercise training, and should be preceded by assessments to individualise prescriptions. Guidelines recommend assessment of quadriceps strength, but limb muscle dysfunction affects more than strength. Other less investigated assessments may be of interest. During training, direct physiological (cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and biomechanical) and symptomatic responses are important, since they can affect training effectivity, and they may differ depending on whether arms or legs are used. The main aims of this thesis were to investigate the relevance of assessments of quadriceps function, feasibility and reliability of methods to assess quadriceps endurance, and to compare the direct physiological and symptomatic responses during arm and leg activities in people with COPD.Method: This thesis is based on four papers. These include one systematic review with a meta-analysis of studies comparing direct physiological and symptomatic responses to activities performed with the arms versus the legs, and three papers based on an international cross-sectional multicentre study investigating reliability, feasibility, and relevance of three leg extension assessments of quadriceps endurance. Relative and absolute reliability were determined via interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV %), and limits of agreement (LoA %) for measures of isokinetic total work, isokinetic fatigue index, isometric time to exhaustion, and isotonic repetitions to exhaustion. The relevance of the measures of quadriceps endurance and other quadriceps functions were determined by the association to functional capacity and physical activity with Pearson correlation analyses (r) and multiple linear regression models (R2, adjusted R2, Δ R2, and Δ adjusted R2).Results: Results from the meta-analyses show that leg-cycle ergometer resulted in greater tidal volume (137 mL), minute ventilation (4.8 L/min), and oxygen consumption (164 mL/min) compared to arm cycle ergometer, while symptomatic responses were similar. Physiological responses (e.g., minute ventilation and oxygen consumption) during arm compared to leg resistance training exercises were similar. Results from studies on functional activities depend on the type and intensity of the activity performed. Isokinetic total work was the measurement with the highest relative reliability (ICC = 0.98) and the smallest absolute reliability (e.g., CV% = 6.5). Isokinetic fatigue index, isometric, and isotonic measures demonstrated low-to-high relative reliability (ICC = 0.64, 0.88, 0.91), and absolute reliability was larger (e.g., CV% = 20.3, 14.9, and 15.8%). Participants performed better on the retest for isokinetic total work and isometric measurements (4.8 and 10%, p < 0.001). The feasibility was similar across protocols, with an average time consumption of< 7.5 minutes, limited perceived dyspnoea compared to leg fatigue, and no major adverse advents. The measures of quadriceps function had mostly similar (r = +/- 0.07–0.45) levels of correlations to the functional capacity and physical activity. In multiple regression analyses improved quadriceps power the models to predict functional capacity the most (Δ adjusted R2= 0.10, 0.15, adjusted R2 = 0.60, 0.39). Isotonic endurance was the only muscle function that improved all physical activity models (ΔR2 = 0.04–0.07, p < 0.05, R2 = 0.38–0.49).Conclusions: The results indicate that if the goal of an activity is to maximise physiological responses such as minute ventilation and oxygen consumption, activities involving the legs should be preferred. Symptomatic responses seems task and intensity dependent, which suggest that strategies used to reduce symptoms should be based on relative intensity. In the assessment of quadriceps endurance, isokinetic, isometric and isotonic protocols present low to very high relative reliability. Differences in reliability and the better performance at retest might reflect differences in ability to detect true change. Quadriceps power seems to be more relevant to functional capacity, and isotonic quadriceps endurance seems to be more relevant to physical activity.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Obesity is associated with coronary artery stenosis independently of metabolic risk factors : the population-based SCAPIS study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 362, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Previous studies reported divergent results on whether metabolically healthy obesity is associated with increased coronary artery calcium and carotid plaques. We investigated this in a cross-sectional fashion in a large, well-defined, middle-aged population using coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and carotid ultrasound. Methods: In the SCAPIS study (50–65 years, 51% female), CCTA and carotid artery ultrasound were performed in 23,674 individuals without clinical atherosclerotic disease. These subjects were divided into six groups according to BMI (normal weight, overweight, obese) and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to the NCEP consensus criteria. Results: The severity of coronary artery stenosis was increased in individuals with obesity without MetS compared to normal-weight individuals without MetS (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.34–1.62; p < 0.0001), even after adjusting for non-HDL-cholesterol and several lifestyle factors. Such difference was not observed for the presence of carotid artery plaques (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.87–1.02; p = 0.11). Obese or overweight individuals without any MetS criteria (except the waist criterion) showed significantly more pronounced stenosis in the coronary arteries as compared to the normal-weight individuals, while one criterion was needed to show increased plaque prevalence in the carotid arteries. High blood pressure was the most important single criterion for increased atherosclerosis in this respect. Conclusions: Individuals with obesity without MetS showed increased severity of coronary artery stenosis, but no increased occurrence of carotid artery plaques compared to normal-weight individuals without MetS, further emphasizing that obesity is not a benign condition even in the absence of MetS.
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| 22. |
- Lo, Yi-Ling, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of effective Ga/N ratio to control GaN growth behavior in liquid-target reactive magnetron sputter epitaxy
- 2024
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Ingår i: Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1369-8001 .- 1873-4081. ; 176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optimization of magnetron sputter epitaxy (MSE) for the high -volume production of high -quality GaN films is increasingly important. This study concerns the influence of key MSE process parameters - including the partial pressure of process gas, target -to -substrate distance (TSD), and growth temperature (TG) - for the synthesis of GaN thin films using a liquid Ga target. It is observed that the effective Ga/N ratio on the substrate surface determines the film's growth behavior and affects material's composition and luminescence properties. A lower Ar/N2 partial pressure ratio substantially enhances the crystalline quality, evidenced by the reduction in peak width of x-ray rocking curves from approximately 1.25 degrees (N -rich regime) to 0.35 degrees (Ga-rich regime) and improved GaN bandgap emission. While target sputtered in a highly Ga-rich condition significantly reduces the GaN growth rate (R), primarily due to Ga desorption in nitrogen -limited condition at elevated TG. Ion mass spectrometry and rate monitor measurements demonstrate that the Ga/N ratio can be controlled by adjusting Ar/N2 pressure ratio in MSE process. A reduction in TSD from 9.3 cm to 7 cm resulted in an increased R from 541 nm/h to 731 nm/h, corroborated by Simulation of Metal Transport (SIMTRA) analysis. Temperature -dependent studies revealed that films grown above 900 degrees C exhibited flat surface with high crystalline quality.
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| 23. |
- Morin, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Perivascular Neuropilin-1 expression is an independent marker of improved survival in renal cell carcinoma
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3417 .- 1096-9896. ; 250:4, s. 387-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment has improved in the last decade with the introduction of drugs targeting tumor angiogenesis. However, the 5-year survival of metastatic disease is still only 10–15%. Here, we explored the prognostic significance of compartment-specific expression of Neuropilin 1 (NRP1), a co-receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). NRP1 expression was analyzed in RCC tumor vessels, in perivascular tumor cells, and generally in the tumor cell compartment. Moreover, complex formation between NRP1 and the main VEGF receptor, VEGFR2, was determined. Two RCC tissue microarrays were used; a discovery cohort consisting of 64 patients and a validation cohort of 314 patients. VEGFR2/NRP1 complex formation in cis (on the same cell) and trans (between cells) configurations was determined by in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA), and NRP1 protein expression in three compartments (endothelial cells, perivascular tumor cells, and general tumor cell expression) was determined by immunofluorescent staining. Expression of NRP1 in perivascular tumor cells was explored as a marker for RCC survival in the two RCC cohorts. Results were further validated using a publicly available gene expression dataset of clear cell RCC (ccRCC). We found that VEGFR2/NRP1 trans complexes were detected in 75% of the patient samples. The presence of trans VEGFR2/NRP1 complexes or perivascular NRP1 expression was associated with a reduced tumor vessel density and size. When exploring NRP1 as a biomarker for RCC prognosis, perivascular NRP1 and general tumor cell NRP1 protein expression correlated with improved survival in the two independent cohorts, and significant results were obtained also at the mRNA level using the publicly available ccRCC gene expression dataset. Only perivascular NRP1 expression remained significant in multivariable analysis. Our work shows that perivascular NRP1 expression is an independent marker of improved survival in RCC patients, and reduces tumor vascularization by forming complexes in trans with VEGFR2 in the tumor endothelium.
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| 24. |
- Nordgren, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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The Effectiveness of Four Intervention Methods for Preventing Inadvertent Perioperative Hypothermia During Total Knee or Total Hip Arthroplasty
- 2020
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Ingår i: AORN Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-2092 .- 1878-0369. ; 111:3, s. 303-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia (IPH) occurs when a patient experiences a core temperature below 36 degrees C (96.8 degrees F) in perioperative settings and is a preventable risk factor for anesthesia- and surgery-related complications. Forced-air warming is an effective method to maintain normothermia. This study compared four interventions for preventing IPH for 120 patients undergoing primary elective unilateral total knee or total hip arthroplasty. The study was based on a time series nonequivalent comparison group design to investigate whether the incidence of IPH differed among treatment groups. We also sought to determine whether the patients' preoperative perceptions of warmth or cold correlated with core body temperatures. Patients receiving convective warming and prewarming appeared to experience fewer IPH events than patients in the other study groups. This study suggests that hypothermia is a common issue for patients undergoing total knee or total hip arthroplasty and that it may be possible to reduce its frequency.
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| 25. |
- Nykvist, Rasmus, 1985-
(författare)
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Essays on the interaction between regulation and technology : Understanding agency and context through multiple levels of inquiry
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A key challenge for implementing pioneering regulatory and technological change includes overcoming regulatory constraints and resistance from vested interest groups in favor of the status quo. This is a compilation dissertation comprising five papers and one covering paper that aims to describe and explain the interaction between agency and context under conditions of combined technological and regulatory change through multiple levels of inquiry. To do this I studied the case of pioneering technological and regulatory changes taking place in and around the Stockholm Stock Exchange (SSE) and Options Mäklarna (OM) between 1978 and 1998. The dissertation explores the dynamics of pioneering change by asking (1) what the conditions enabling pioneering change in the financial exchanges sector are and (2) why the actors in and around the Swedish financial exchanges were able to enact pioneering technological and regulatory change. To answer these questions I created a data set comprising data from various archives and witness accounts from complementary oral history interviews with key actors. I structured this data set around a relational database and analyzed the data using a mix of methods from business history and process study methodology from organization studies.My research indicates that the pioneering regulatory and technological change happened as the result of a combination of several enabling conditions and the agency of the key change agents present at the two financial exchanges, that is, SSE and OM respectively. As such, the dissertation emphasizes multiple perspectives from which the change needs to be understood. The dissertation contributes to extant literature by (1) highlighting the role of cities in providing enabling conditions for digital and institutional entrepreneurship, (2) emphasizing the role of peer interaction in pioneering changes in organizational forms, and (3) introducing the role of joint commitments in achieving a favorable social evaluation. The dissertation further recommends that innovative policymakers help others in favor of change to deal with resourceful vested interest groups.
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| 26. |
- Pingen, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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High growth rate magnetron sputter epitaxy of GaN using a solid Ga target
- 2024
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Ingår i: Vacuum. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0042-207X .- 1879-2715. ; 220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetron sputter epitaxy (MSE) is a promising processing route for group-III nitride semiconductors, with the potential to enable high-quality and low cost GaN growth for widespread use. However, fundamental techno-logical hurdles must be overcome to enable the adoption of MSE in industrial production. Here, we present a new UHV-compatible magnetron design with high-performance cooling, enabling high GaN growth rates at high growth temperatures using a solid Ga target. The magnetron is tested with a wide range of process parameters and a stable process is feasible while maintaining the solid state of the Ga target. High GaN growth rates of up to 5 mu m/h are achieved at room temperature and a growth rate of 4 mu m/h at high temperature, which is one order of magnitude higher compared to MSE with a liquid target. We grow GaN on c-plane sapphire substrates and show the impact of partial pressure ratio and target-to-substrate distance (TSD) on growth rate, film morphology and crystal quality of GaN films with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. While the growth rate and film morphology are strongly impacted by the process parameter variation, the crystal quality is further impacted by the overall film thickness. For a 2 mu m thick GaN film a full width at half maximum of X-ray rocking curve (omega-FWHM) of GaN 10 1 1 reflection of 0.32 degrees is achieved. We demonstrate a process window for growth of dense and smooth GaN films with high crystal quality using low N2 flow rates and high TSD. By introducing a 20 nm AlN nucleation layer prior to the growth of 390 nm GaN, the omega-FWHM of GaN 0002 reflection of 0.19 degrees is achieved. The epitaxially grown crystalline structure is precisely examined by transmission electron microscopy.
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| 27. |
- Ringom, Rune, et al.
(författare)
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On the Reactivity of 2-Methylene-3-quinuclidinone in Water
- 2023
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Ingår i: Heterocycles. - : The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry. - 0385-5414 .- 1881-0942. ; 106:2, s. 271-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The biologically active Michael acceptor 2-methylene-3-quinuclidinone (MQ) has a unique chemical reactivity and forms several products upon dissolution in water. With the use of X-ray, NMR and LCMS data the structures of two previously incorrectly characterised compounds are rectified. A complex equilibrium in water, containing novel dimeric species of MQ, and its dependence on temperature, pH and concentration is presented.
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| 28. |
- Sandström, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Salt efflorescence on leather objects from the Vasa ship
- 2023
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Ingår i: Working Towards a Sustainable Past. ICOM-CC 20th Triennial Conference Preprint. - 9782491997793
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish warship Vasa sank in Stockholm harbour in 1628. She was raised in 1961, excavated and conserved, and is displayed in the Vasa Museum in Stockholm. A large collection of leather objects was found on board, mostly personal belongings such as shoes and gloves, but also book covers, pump packings and others (Hocker 2018, 76). The objects excavated from the ship were conserved in a facility at Beckholmen, in Stockholm, continuously from 1961 to 1996. During an inventory of the leather collection in 2017, salt outbreaks were noticed on some of the objects. A 2018 documentation of these salt outbreaks showed that, out of roughly 600 leather objects, over 100 were visibly affected. Those objects are partially or completely brittle, hard, fragile and often have a disturbing odour. The salt outbreaks are seen as coloured deposits, commonly red, yellow, white or grey, and often glitter. Salt outbreaks on wooden objects from the Vasa and on the ship itself have been well documented and researched, and were found to consist of various compounds of iron and sulfur (Hocker 2018, 105). While the salt outbreaks on the leather objects are similar in appearance and odour, their chemical composition was unknown. A research project to identify the composition of the salt outbreaks on the leather was initiated in 2019. Samples of salts and leather were analysed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy with energy- dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Samples from over 20 leather objects have been analysed, as well as samples from textile and wooden objects for reference and comparison. The focus of this article is the results of the analysis of four leather objects, as between them they show the full breadth of the characteristics of salt efflorescence.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Sandström, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Five-year follow-up of new cases after a coeliac disease mass screening
- 2022
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Ingår i: Archives of Disease in Childhood. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-9888 .- 1468-2044. ; 107:6, s. 596-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We previously performed a population-based mass screening of coeliac disease in children aged 12 years in two birth cohorts resulting in 296 seropositive children, of whom 242 were diagnosed with coeliac disease after duodenal biopsies. In this follow-up study, we wanted to identify new cases in the screening population that tested negative-either converting from potential coeliac disease (seropositive but normal duodenal mucosa) or converting from seronegative at screening to diagnosed coeliac disease.METHODS: All seropositive children were invited to a follow-up appointment 5 years after the screening with renewed serological testing and recommended endoscopic investigation if seropositive. Seronegative children in the screening study (n=12 353) were linked to the National Swedish Childhood Coeliac Disease Register to find cases diagnosed in healthcare during the same period.RESULTS: In total, 230 (77%) came to the follow-up appointment, including 34 of 39 with potential coeliac disease. Of these, 11 (32%) had converted to coeliac disease. One new case was found in the National Swedish Childhood Coeliac Disease Register who received the diagnosis through routine screening in children with type 1 diabetes.CONCLUSIONS: There is a high risk of conversion to coeliac disease among those with potential disease. However, a negative screening test was associated with a very low risk for a clinical diagnosis within a follow-up period of 5 years.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Sundström, Johan, Professor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Weight gain and blood pressure
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 38:3, s. 387-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Although the causality of the obesity—hypertension association is established, the potential for prevention is not. We hypothesized that weight gain between early adulthood and mid-life is associated with higher mid-life blood pressure.METHODS: We investigated the hypothesis using a large contemporaneous population-based mid-life cohort of men and women aged 50-64 years. Recalled body weight at age 20 years was self-reported, and mid-life body weight and office blood pressures were measured in accordance with a detailed protocol.RESULTS: On average, men had gained 14.9 (95% CI 14.6-15.2) kg of weight, and women 14.6 (95% CI 14.4-14.9) kg, between age 20 years and the mid-life examination, corresponding to 0.40 (95% CI 0.39-0.41) kg/year for men and women. Both weight at age 20 years and weight at the mid-life examination were associated with mid-life blood pressures. On average, a 10 kg weight increase between age 20 years and mid-life was associated with 2.2 (95% CI 0.9-3.5) mmHg higher systolic and 1.7 (95% CI 0.9-2.5) mmHg higher diastolic mid-life blood pressure in men, and 3.2 (2.5-4.0) mmHg higher systolic and 2.4 (1.9-2.9) mmHg higher diastolic mid-life blood pressure in women. Mid-life weight was more closely associated than weight at age 20 years with mid-life blood pressure. For a given mid-life weight, blood pressure was higher in persons with higher weight gain from age 20 years.CONCLUSION: In sum, weight gain between early adulthood and mid-life was associated with higher mid-life blood pressure. The magnitude of the association indicates a potentially great public health impact of strategies to prevent weight gain throughout adulthood.
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| 33. |
- van Noord, Michiel, et al.
(författare)
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Biodiversity and Ecosystems Services in Swedish Solar Farms : Current Practice and a Planning Framework for Net Gain
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the WCPEC-8 2022. - Munich : WIP Renewable Energies. - 3936338868 ; , s. 985-991
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish solar farm market is expanding rapidly as ground-mounted solar plants are getting larger in size and number. This development inevitably leads to an increased land use change, which is the foremost cause of biodiversity loss. Along with a decrease in biodiversity, nature's supply of ecosystem services decreases, as well as chances to meet several (inter)national environmental and sustainable development goals. This study presents results of the Eco-Sun project, developing practical guidelines for the planning, construction and management of solar farms with a net zero, or net positive, impact on biodiversity and ecosystem services. It shows that biodiversity measures are present but limited in Swedish solar farms, while agrivoltaic crop cultivation is limited to one single site. In order to address environmental challenges and increase multiple land use, a step-by-step process is presented for the inclusion of biodiversity, agricultural and non-agricultural ecosystem services into the planning and design of ground-mounted solar PV.
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