| 1. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
|
|
| 2. |
- Shungin, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
-
New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 187-378
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson Schwarz, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
A Platform Society
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Developing Platform Economies : A European Policy Landscape - A European Policy Landscape. - 9789187379512 ; , s. 114-140
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter seeks to define the developing platform economy from a societal perspective, including the aspect of proprietorship, which forms a challenge both regarding transparency and accountability, but also fundamental aspects of datafication, scalability, automation, centralisation, and commercialisation.The societal effects of a few platform-based corporations (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft) are analysed, including the relationship to smaller, newer, platform-based companies that occasionally try to compete with them while often being dependent on them, or getting acquired. The importance of studying the type pf business model on which a platform’s growth or administration is based is here argued for, in order to be able to understand the logics of its growth, for example into multiple branches. Not only does an increasing number of social sectors and industries become dominated by digitally originated platform operators; also traditional institutional actors are increasingly adopting data-driven platform logics – utilising and analysing consumer data in order to predict particular outcomes in order to automate and outsource decision-making.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Leist, Marcel, et al.
(författare)
-
Adverse outcome pathways : opportunities, limitations and open questions
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Archives of Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5761 .- 1432-0738. ; 91:11, s. 3477-3505
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are a recent toxicological construct that connects, in a formalized, transparent and quality-controlled way, mechanistic information to apical endpoints for regulatory purposes. AOP links a molecular initiating event (MIE) to the adverse outcome (AO) via key events (KE), in a way specified by key event erelationships (KER). Although this approach to formalize mechanistic toxicological information only started in 2010, over 200 AOPs have already been established. At this stage, new requirements arise, such as the need for harmonization and re-assessment, for continuous updating, as well as for alerting about pitfalls, misuses and limits of applicability. In this review, the history of the AOP concept and its most prominent strengths are discussed, including the advantages of a formalized approach, the systematic collection of weight of evidence, the linkage of mechanisms to apical end points, the examination of the plausibility of epidemiological data, the identification of critical knowledge gaps and the design of mechanistic test methods. To prepare the ground for a broadened and appropriate use of AOPs, some widespread misconceptions are explained. Moreover, potential weaknesses and shortcomings of the current AOP rule set are addressed (1) to facilitate the discussion on its further evolution and (2) to better define appropriate vs. less suitable application areas. Exemplary toxicological studies are presented to discuss the linearity assumptions of AOP, the management of event modifiers and compensatory mechanisms, and whether a separation of toxicodynamics from toxicokinetics including metabolism is possible in the framework of pathway plasticity. Suggestions on how to compromise between different needs of AOP stakeholders have been added. A clear definition of open questions and limitations is provided to encourage further progress in the field.
|
|
| 7. |
- Lejaeghere, Kurt, et al.
(författare)
-
Reproducibility in density functional theory calculations of solids.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 351:6280, s. 1415-1422
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The widespread popularity of density functional theory has given rise to an extensive range of dedicated codes for predicting molecular and crystalline properties. However, each code implements the formalism in a different way, raising questions about the reproducibility of such predictions. We report the results of a community-wide effort that compared 15 solid-state codes, using 40 different potentials or basis set types, to assess the quality of the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof equations of state for 71 elemental crystals. We conclude that predictions from recent codes and pseudopotentials agree very well, with pairwise differences that are comparable to those between different high-precision experiments. Older methods, however, have less precise agreement. Our benchmark provides a framework for users and developers to document the precision of new applications and methodological improvements.
|
|
| 8. |
- Li, Jiyun, et al.
(författare)
-
Inter-host Transmission of Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli among Humans and Backyard Animals
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 127:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The rapidly increasing dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in both humans and animals poses a global threat to public health. However, the transmission of CRE between humans and animals has not yet been well studied.OBJECTIVES: We investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and drivers of CRE transmission between humans and their backyard animals in rural China.METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive sampling strategy in 12 villages in Shandong, China. Using the household [residents and their backyard animals (farm and companion animals)] as a single surveillance unit, we assessed the prevalence of CRE at the household level and examined the factors associated with CRE carriage through a detailed questionnaire. Genetic relationships among human- and animal-derived CRE were assessed using whole-genome sequencing-based molecular methods.RESULTS: A total of 88 New Delhi metallo beta lactamasesmetallo-β-lactamases–type carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (NDM-EC), including 17 from humans, 44 from pigs, 12 from chickens, 1 from cattle, and 2 from dogs, were isolated from 65 of the 746 households examined. The remaining 12 NDM-EC were from flies in the immediate backyard environment. The NDM-EC colonization in households was significantly associated with a) the number of species of backyard animals raised/kept in the same household, and b) the use of human and/or animal feces as fertilizer. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) revealed that a large proportion of the core genomes of the NDM-EC belonged to strains from hosts other than their own, and several human isolates shared closely related core single-nucleotide polymorphisms and bla sub NDMblaNDM genetic contexts with isolates from backyard animals.CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, we are the first to report evidence of direct transmission of NDM-EC between humans and animals. Given the rise of NDM-EC in community and hospital infections, combating NDM-EC transmission in backyard farm systems is needed. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5251.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Sun, Chengtao, et al.
(författare)
-
Genomic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus along a pork production chain and in the community, Shandong Province, China
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. - : Elsevier. - 0924-8579 .- 1872-7913. ; 54:1, s. 8-15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is an increasingly important public health concern worldwide; however, data on LA-MRSA from Asian countries is scarce. As such, a comprehensive molecular epidemiological survey of S. aureus along a pork production chain and in the community was undertaken in Shandong Province, China. spa typing and whole-genome sequencing were used to survey the occurrence and potential transmission of S. aureus in various sectors, including 899 porcine samples (snout or skin swabs, carcass swabs and pork portions), 845 human nasal samples and 239 environmental samples from commercial farms, a slaughterhouse, a pork wholesale market and the surrounding community. MRSA was detected in higher frequencies in samples from two commercial pig farms (pigs, 49%; farm workers, 64%; environmental samples, 16%) than in samples from the slaughterhouse (fatteners, 8.2%; carcasses, 1.1%; operation workers, 0%; environmental samples, 3.8%), the pork wholesale market (pork, 14%; sellers, 0%) and individuals in the community (6.8%). There were significant differences in population structures, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and the presence of resistance and virulence genes between human- and pig-associated isolates. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed the dissemination of LA-MRSA between various segments along the pork production chain. However, MRSA of the same sequence type was not found to be disseminated between the commercial farms and the surrounding communities. Furthermore, one MRSA ST398 was observed, and a novel CC9 variant ST3597 was detected within the chain. The high MRSA carriage rates and the emergence of a new MRSA CC9 variant identified in this study highlight the need for MRSA surveillance.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Andersson Schwarz, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
DN Debatt ”Partier, lova väljarna att avstå från oetiska digitala metoder”
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 22/3. Det svenska valet hotas av digitala påverkansoperationer där falska robot-konton och så kallade ”dark ads” kan dränka det politiska samtalet. Vi utmanar nu riksdagspartierna: Ge ett enkelt löfte till väljarna om att ni inte kommer att använda er av oetiska metoder på nätet, skriver Jonas Andersson Schwarz, Stefan Larsson och Anders Mildner.
|
|
| 14. |
- Andersson Schwarz, Jonas, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Opinioner och offentligheter online : Vad gör en politisk utsaga framgångsrik? Den användardrivna kommunikationens villkor. Slutrapport
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ”Vad gör en politisk utsaga framgångsrik? Den användardrivna kommunikationens villkor” är ett ettårigt forskningsprojekt delfinansierat av Internetfonden, Riksbankens Jubileumsfond, Retriever AB, M-Brain AB samt Forsman & Bodenfors AB. Projektledare har varit Jonas Andersson Schwarz, som tillsammans med Johan Hammarlund, Stefan di Grado och Magnus Kjellberg har analyserat data från Twitter och rikspress i syfte att skapa ny kunskap om villkoren för politisk kommunikation i de sociala mediernas tidevarv. Huvudfokus har varit att undersöka vilka specifika faktorer som spelar in för delning av politiska tweets samt vilken typ av material från sociala medier som fångas upp av traditionella nyhetsmedier och vice versa. Samspelet mellan sociala medier och massmedier formar de bilder som görs av sociala medier i samhället, och omvänt: det formar de bilder som görs av massmedia likväl.
|
|
| 15. |
- Andersson Schwarz, Jonas, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Plattformssamhället : slutord
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Plattformssamhället. - Stockholm : Fores. - 9789187379536 ; , s. 350-388
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Andersson Schwarz, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
SLUTREPLIK DN DEBATT ”Partierna bör redovisa sin etik för digitala kampanjer”
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Politikens legitima parter bör ta avstånd från oetiska metoder, statuera goda exempel och redovisa en etik för digitalt kampanjande. Det kommer att främja valrörelsen, den öppna debatten och demokratin, skriver Jonas Andersson Schwarz, Stefan Larsson och Anders Mildner.
|
|
| 18. |
- Berglundh, Tord, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Peri-implant diseases and conditions: Consensus report of workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions
- 2018
-
Ingår i: J Clin Periodontol. - : Wiley. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A classification for peri-implant diseases and conditions was presented. Focused questions on the characteristics of peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, peri-implantitis, and soft- and hard-tissue deficiencies were addressed. Peri-implant health is characterized by the absence of erythema, bleeding on probing, swelling, and suppuration. It is not possible to define a range of probing depths compatible with health; Peri-implant health can exist around implants with reduced bone support. The main clinical characteristic of peri-implant mucositis is bleeding on gentle probing. Erythema, swelling, and/or suppuration may also be present. An increase in probing depth is often observed in the presence of peri-implant mucositis due to swelling or decrease in probing resistance. There is strong evidence from animal and human experimental studies that plaque is the etiological factor for peri-implant mucositis. Peri-implantitis is a plaque-associated pathological condition occurring in tissues around dental implants, characterized by inflammation in the peri-implant mucosa and subsequent progressive loss of supporting bone. Peri-implantitis sites exhibit clinical signs of inflammation, bleeding on probing, and/or suppuration, increased probing depths and/or recession of the mucosal margin in addition to radiographic bone loss. The evidence is equivocal regarding the effect of keratinized mucosa on the long-term health of the peri-implant tissue. It appears, however, that keratinized mucosa may have advantages regarding patient comfort and ease of plaque removal. Case definitions in day-to-day clinical practice and in epidemiological or disease-surveillance studies for peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis were introduced. The proposed case definitions should be viewed within the context that there is no generic implant and that there are numerous implant designs with different surface characteristics, surgical and loading protocols. It is recommended that the clinician obtain baseline radiographic and probing measurements following the completion of the implant-supported prosthesis.
|
|
| 19. |
-
Developing Platform Economies : A European Policy Landscape
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What is a digital platform economy and what are its key policy implications? This report on Developing Platform Economies collects four chapters from researchers in the fields of economy, media and law to define, scrutinize and draw empirically based policy-recommendations for a European context, particularly in comparison to the US.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Ferrari, Stefano, et al.
(författare)
-
EURO-B.O.S.S. : A European study on chemotherapy in bone-sarcoma patients aged over 40: Outcome in primary high-grade osteosarcoma
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Tumori. - : SAGE Publications. - 0300-8916 .- 2038-2529. ; 104:1, s. 30-36
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The EUROpean Bone Over 40 Sarcoma Study (EURO-B.O.S.S.) was the first prospective international study for patients 41-65 years old with high-grade bone sarcoma treated with an intensive chemotherapy regimen derived from protocols for younger patients with high-grade skeletal osteosarcoma.METHODS: Chemotherapy based on doxorubicin, cisplatin, ifosfamide, and methotrexate was suggested, but patients treated with other regimens at the investigators' choice were also eligible for the study.RESULTS: The present report focuses on the subgroup of 218 patients with primary high-grade osteosarcoma. With a median follow-up of 47 months, the 5-year probability of overall survival (OS) was 66% in patients with localized disease and 22% in case of synchronous metastases. The 5-year OS in patients with localized disease was 29% in pelvic tumors, and 70% and 73% for extremity or craniofacial locations, respectively. In primary chemotherapy, tumor necrosis ≥90% was reported in 21% of the patients. There were no toxic deaths; however, hematological toxicity was considerable with 32% of patients experiencing 1 or more episodes of neutropenic fever. The incidence of nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity (mainly peripheral) was 28% and 24%, respectively. After methotrexate, 23% of patients experienced delayed excretion, in 4 cases with nephrotoxicity.CONCLUSIONS: In patients over 40 years of age with primary high-grade osteosarcoma, an aggressive approach with chemotherapy and surgery can offer the probability of survival similar to that achieved in younger patients. Chemotherapy-related toxicity is significant and generally higher than that reported in younger cohorts of osteosarcoma patients treated with more intensive regimens.
|
|
| 22. |
- Hasson, Henna, et al.
(författare)
-
Improving organizational learning through leadership training
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Workplace Learning. - : Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.. - 1366-5626 .- 1758-7859. ; 28:3, s. 115-129
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - This paper aims to evaluate whether training of managers at workplaces can improve organizational learning. Managers play a crucial role in providing opportunities to employees for learning. Although scholars have called for intervention research on the effects of leadership development on organizational learning, no such research is currently available.Design/methodology/approach - The training program consisted of theoretical and practical elements aimed to improve line managers' transformational leadership behaviors and, in turn, improve organizational learning. The study used a pre- and post-intervention evaluation survey. Line managers' and their subordinates' perceptions of organizational learning were measured with the Dimensions of Organizational Learning Questionnaire and with post-intervention single items on organizational learning.Findings - Comparisons between pre- and post-intervention assessments revealed that managers' ratings of continuous learning and employees' ratings of empowerment and embedded systems improved significantly as a result of the training. The leadership training intervention had positive effects on managers' perceptions of individual-level and on employees' perceptions of organizational-level aspects of organizational learning.Originality/value - The study provides empirical evidence that organizational learning can be improved through leadership training. Both line managers and their subordinates perceived that organizational learning had increased after the training intervention, albeit in different ways. Implications for developing leadership training programs and for evaluating these are discussed.
|
|
| 23. |
- Jepsen, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Regeneration of alveolar ridge defects. Consensus report of group 4 of the 15th European Workshop on Periodontology on Bone Regeneration
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 46, s. 277-286
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims Bone augmentation procedures to enable dental implant placement are frequently performed. The remit of this working group was to evaluate the current evidence on the efficacy of regenerative measures for the reconstruction of alveolar ridge defects. Material and Methods The discussions were based on four systematic reviews focusing on lateral bone augmentation with implant placement at a later stage, vertical bone augmentation, reconstructive treatment of peri-implantitis associated defects, and long-term results of lateral window sinus augmentation procedures. Results A substantial body of evidence supports lateral bone augmentation prior to implant placement as a predictable procedure in order to gain sufficient ridge width for implant placement. Also, vertical ridge augmentation procedures were in many studies shown to be effective in treating deficient alveolar ridges to allow for dental implant placement. However, for both procedures the rate of associated complications was high. The adjunctive benefit of reconstructive measures for the treatment of peri-implantitis-related bone defects has only been assessed in a few RCTs. Meta-analyses demonstrated a benefit with regard to radiographic bone gain but not for clinical outcomes. Lateral window sinus floor augmentation was shown to be a reliable procedure in the long term for the partially and fully edentulous maxilla. Conclusions The evaluated bone augmentation procedures were proven to be effective for the reconstruction of alveolar ridge defects. However, some procedures are demanding and bear a higher risk for post-operative complications.
|
|
| 24. |
- Jepsen, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Regenration of alveolar ridge defects : Consensus report of group 4 of the 15th European Workshop on Periodontology on Bone Regeneration
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 46, s. 277-286
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Bone augmentation procedures to enable dental implant placement are frequently performed. The remit of this working group was to evaluate the current evidence on the efficacy of regenerative measures for the reconstruction of alveolar ridge defects.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The discussions were based on four systematic reviews focusing on lateral bone augmentation with implant placement at a later stage, vertical bone augmentation, reconstructive treatment of peri-implantitis associated defects, and long-term results of lateral window sinus augmentation procedures.RESULTS: A substantial body of evidence supports lateral bone augmentation prior to implant placement as a predictable procedure in order to gain sufficient ridge width for implant placement. Also, vertical ridge augmentation procedures were in many studies shown to be effective in treating deficient alveolar ridges to allow for dental implant placement. However, for both procedures the rate of associated complications was high. The adjunctive benefit of reconstructive measures for the treatment of peri-implantitis-related bone defects has only been assessed in a few RCTs. Meta-analyses demonstrated a benefit with regard to radiographic bone gain but not for clinical outcomes. Lateral window sinus floor augmentation was shown to be a reliable procedure in the long-term for the partially and fully edentulous maxilla.CONCLUSIONS: The evaluated bone augmentation procedures were proven to be effective for the reconstruction of alveolar ridge defects. However, some procedures are demanding and bear a higher risk for postoperative complications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 25. |
- Jönsson, Christin, et al.
(författare)
-
Återvinning av textilier : Hur säkerställer man giftfria flöden i relation till textilåtervinning
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Huvudsyftet med arbetet var att främja ökad återvinning av textilt spill utan ökad spridning av giftiga ämnen eller minskad kvalitet. Arbetet har till stor del utförts genom fallstudier men även genom myndighetsdialoger, underlag till myndigheter och företag samt initiering av nya relevanta forskningsstudier.Målet i arbetspaket 3 Textil var att ta fram ett kvalificerat underlag för ökad användning av giftfri återvunnen textilråvara genom att studera och beskriva kunskapsläget samt ta fram ny kunskap och driva en aktiv dialog med relevanta aktörer inom fyra fokusområden:1. Spårbarhet2. Minskning av spill3. Teknikutveckling för återvinning av textil4. Återvinning på den svenska marknadenMålet har väl uppfyllts och projektet har bidragit till ökad kunskap om möjligheter för ökad användning av giftfri återvunnen textilråvara. Framförallt har fallstudier genererat detaljerad förståelse för vilka specifika utmaningar som är kopplade till olika textila material och fiberslag.Arbetet har utförts i tät samverkan och dialog med parter från textilbranchen: Boob, Filippa K, Gudrun Sjöden, Fjällräven och WRSD, Swegmarks, Ragnsells, Re:Newcell, samt några av deras leverantörer och flera medlemmar i Kemikaliegruppen på Swerea IVF.Projektet visar att materialspecifik kunskap och teknik är det viktigaste steget mot ökad återvinning av industriella restprodukter. Detta är således en förutsättning för att den sekundära råvaran ska ha ett tillräckligt värde och ändamålsenlig kvalitet. Dessa specifika aspekter kommer att studeras vidare inom efterföljand
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Kaufmann, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
-
Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature Neuroscience. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1097-6256 .- 1546-1726. ; 22:10, s. 1617-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common risk factors for psychiatric and other brain disorders are likely to converge on biological pathways influencing the development and maintenance of brain structure and function across life. Using structural MRI data from 45,615 individuals aged 3-96 years, we demonstrate distinct patterns of apparent brain aging in several brain disorders and reveal genetic pleiotropy between apparent brain aging in healthy individuals and common brain disorders.
|
|
| 28. |
- Kröger, A, et al.
(författare)
-
The severity of human peri-implantitis lesions correlates with the level of submucosal microbial sysbiosis
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 45:12, s. 1498-1509
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To cross-sectionally analyze the submucosal microbiome of peri-implantitis (PI) lesions at different severity levels.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Microbial signatures of 45 submucosal plaque samples from untreated peri-implantitis lesions obtained from 30 non-smoking, systemically healthy subjects were assessed by 16s sequencing. Linear mixed models were used to identify taxa with differential abundance by probing depth, after correction for age, gender, and multiple samples per subject. Network analyses were performed to identify groups of taxa with mutual occurrence or exclusion. Subsequently, the effects of peri-implant probing depth on submucosal microbial dysbiosis was calculated using the microbial dysbiosis index.RESULTS: In total, we identified 337 different taxa in the submucosal microbiome of peri-implantitis. Total abundance of 12 taxa correlated significantly with increasing probing depth; a significant relationship with lower probing depth was found for 16 taxa. Network analysis identified two mutually exclusive complexes associated with shallow pockets and deeper pockets, respectively. Deeper peri-implant pockets were associated with significantly increased dysbiosis.CONCLUSION: Increases in peri-implant pocket depth are associated with substantial changes in the submucosal microbiome and increasing levels of dysbiosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 29. |
- Kröger, A, et al.
(författare)
-
The severity of human peri-implantitis lesions correlates with the level of submucosal microbial sysbiosis
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : Blackwell Munksgaard. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 45:12, s. 1498-1509
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To cross-sectionally analyze the submucosal microbiome of peri-implantitis (PI) lesions at different severity levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Microbial signatures of 45 submucosal plaque samples from untreated peri-implantitis lesions obtained from 30 non-smoking, systemically healthy subjects were assessed by 16s sequencing. Linear mixed models were used to identify taxa with differential abundance by probing depth, after correction for age, gender, and multiple samples per subject. Network analyses were performed to identify groups of taxa with mutual occurrence or exclusion. Subsequently, the effects of peri-implant probing depth on submucosal microbial dysbiosis was calculated using the microbial dysbiosis index. RESULTS: In total, we identified 337 different taxa in the submucosal microbiome of peri-implantitis. Total abundance of 12 taxa correlated significantly with increasing probing depth; a significant relationship with lower probing depth was found for 16 taxa. Network analysis identified twomutually exclusive complexes associated with shallow pockets and deeper pockets, respectively. Deeper peri-implant pockets were associated with significantly increased dysbiosis. CONCLUSION: Increases in peri-implant pocket depth are associated with substantial changes in the submucosal microbiome and increasing levels of dysbiosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 30. |
-
Plattformssamhället : Den digitala utvecklingens politik, innovation och reglering
- 2019
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Begreppet plattformar har under de senaste åren seglat upp som ett av de mest centrala begreppen i den digitala ekonomin. Digitala plattformar möjliggör mängder av nya, effektiva sätt att organisera samhället – med långtgående konsekvenser för en rad centrala samhällsfunktioner. Detta ställer en rad frågor om medbestämmande och reglering, om innovationens förutsättningar och hur en plattformsmedveten politik skulle kunna se ut. I takt med att allt fler samhällssektorer organiserar sig utefter en datadriven plattformslogik kan man också börja tala om ett framväxande plattformssamhälle. I denna antologi analyserar 14 experter, forskare och journalister olika aspekter av innovationen, politiken och regleringen kring digitala plattformar. Ämnen som berörs är mediereglering, informationssäkerhet, innovationspolitik – och mycket annat. Redaktörer är Jonas Andersson Schwarz, medieforskare och lektor vid Södertörns högskola, och Stefan Larsson, docent vid LTH, Lunds universitet och programchef för det digitala samhället vid tankesmedjan Fores.
|
|
| 31. |
- Ried, Janina S., et al.
(författare)
-
A principal component meta-analysis on multiple anthropometric traits identifies novel loci for body shape
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large consortia have revealed hundreds of genetic loci associated with anthropometric traits, one trait at a time. We examined whether genetic variants affect body shape as a composite phenotype that is represented by a combination of anthropometric traits. We developed an approach that calculates averaged PCs (AvPCs) representing body shape derived from six anthropometric traits (body mass index, height, weight, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio). The first four AvPCs explain >99% of the variability, are heritable, and associate with cardiometabolic outcomes. We performed genome-wide association analyses for each body shape composite phenotype across 65 studies and meta-analysed summary statistics. We identify six novel loci: LEMD2 and CD47 for AvPC1, RPS6KA5/C14orf159 and GANAB for AvPC3, and ARL15 and ANP32 for AvPC4. Our findings highlight the value of using multiple traits to define complex phenotypes for discovery, which are not captured by single-trait analyses, and may shed light onto new pathways.
|
|
| 32. |
- Schwarz, Frank, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficacy of air polishing for the non-surgical treatment of peri-implant diseases : a systematic review
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 42:10, s. 951-959
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Focused Question: In patients suffering from peri-implant diseases, what is the efficacy of air polishing on changing signs of inflammation compared with control treatments (i.e. alternative measures for plaque removal with or without adjunctive antiseptic and/or antibiotic therapy)? Material & Methods: After electronic database and hand search, 10 full-text articles were independently screened by two reviewers. Finally, a total of five studies (six publications) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The weighted mean difference (WMD) [p; 95% CI] in bleeding on probing-(BOP) (primary outcome) and probing pocket depth-(PD) reductions was estimated using a random effect model. Results: All studies reported on residual BOP scores after therapy. A narrative data synthesis did not reveal any major improvement of bleeding index/BOP or disease resolution following air polishing over mechanical debridement at mucositis sites. At peri-implantitis sites, WMD in BOP reduction between test and control (mechanical debridement with or without local antiseptic therapy, Er:YAG laser) groups was -23.83% [p = 0.048; 95% CI (-47.47, -0.20)] favouring air polishing over control measures. Conclusions: While glycine powder air polishing is as effective as the control treatments at mucositis sites, it may improve the efficacy of non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis over the control measures investigated. A complete disease resolution was commonly not obtained.
|
|
| 33. |
- Schwarz, Frank, et al.
(författare)
-
Recommendations on the clinical application of air polishing for the management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Quintessence International. - : Quintessence Publishing Company. - 0033-6572 .- 1936-7163. ; 47:4, s. 293-296
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Air polishing was introduced as an alternative approach for the supra- and submucosal biofilm management at dental implants. An international expert meeting involving competent clinicians and researchers took place during the EUROPERIO 8 conference in London, UK, on 4 June 2015. Prior to this meeting a comprehensive systematic review dealing with the efficacy of air polishing in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis was prepared and served as a basis for the group discussions. This paper summarizes the consensus statements and practical recommendations on the clinical application of air polishing for the management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
- Tafvelin, Susanne, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Are Formal Leaders the Only Ones Benefitting From Leadership Training? : A Shared Leadership Perspective
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of leadership & organizational studies. - : Sage Publications. - 1548-0518 .- 1939-7089. ; 26:1, s. 32-43
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leadership training most often involves training of formal leaders, and little is known about the potential benefits of leadership training for other members of an organization. Using theories of shared leadership, the current study examined outcomes of transformational leadership training that targets both formal and informal leaders (i.e., both vertical and shared leadership). The training was set in a Swedish paper pulp factory and involved formal and informal leaders participating in 20 days of training over a period of 16 months. Based on employee survey data collected both pre- and postintervention our analyses revealed that both formal and informal leaders significantly improved their transformational leadership behaviors. Interestingly, the improvement in transformational leadership behaviors of formal and informal leaders tended to predict employee efficiency and well-being in different ways. Improvements in formal leaders' transformational leadership were related to employee well-being, while informal leaders' increases in transformational leadership were associated with efficiency. The results point toward the benefit of a shared leadership perspective on leadership training and indicate that improvements in transformational leadership may affect employees differently depending on who in the organization displays them.
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
- Wheeler, Eleanor, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of common genetic determinants of Hemoglobin A1c on type 2 diabetes risk and diagnosis in ancestrally diverse populations : A transethnic genome-wide meta-analysis
- 2017
-
Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 14:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used to diagnose type 2 diabetes (T2D) and assess glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 18 HbA1c-associated genetic variants. These variants proved to be classifiable by their likely biological action as erythrocytic (also associated with erythrocyte traits) or glycemic (associated with other glucose-related traits). In this study, we tested the hypotheses that, in a very large scale GWAS, we would identify more genetic variants associated with HbA1c and that HbA1c variants implicated in erythrocytic biology would affect the diagnostic accuracy of HbA1c. We therefore expanded the number of HbA1c-associated loci and tested the effect of genetic risk-scores comprised of erythrocytic or glycemic variants on incident diabetes prediction and on prevalent diabetes screening performance. Throughout this multiancestry study, we kept a focus on interancestry differences in HbA1c genetics performance that might influence race-ancestry differences in health outcomes.Methods & findings: Using genome-wide association meta-analyses in up to 159,940 individuals from 82 cohorts of European, African, East Asian, and South Asian ancestry, we identified 60 common genetic variants associated with HbA1c. We classified variants as implicated in glycemic, erythrocytic, or unclassified biology and tested whether additive genetic scores of erythrocytic variants (GS-E) or glycemic variants (GS-G) were associated with higher T2D incidence in multiethnic longitudinal cohorts (N = 33,241). Nineteen glycemic and 22 erythrocytic variants were associated with HbA1c at genome-wide significance. GS-G was associated with higher T2D risk (incidence OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06, per HbA1c-raising allele, p = 3 x 10-29); whereas GS-E was not (OR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.99-1.01, p = 0.60). In Europeans and Asians, erythrocytic variants in aggregate had only modest effects on the diagnostic accuracy of HbA1c. Yet, in African Americans, the X-linked G6PD G202A variant (T-allele frequency 11%) was associated with an absolute decrease in HbA1c of 0.81%-units (95% CI 0.66-0.96) per allele in hemizygous men, and 0.68%-units (95% CI 0.38-0.97) in homozygous women. The G6PD variant may cause approximately 2% (N = 0.65 million, 95% CI0.55-0.74) of African American adults with T2Dto remain undiagnosed when screened with HbA1c. Limitations include the smaller sample sizes for non-European ancestries and the inability to classify approximately one-third of the variants. Further studies in large multiethnic cohorts with HbA1c, glycemic, and erythrocytic traits are required to better determine the biological action of the unclassified variants.Conclusions: As G6PD deficiency can be clinically silent until illness strikes, we recommend investigation of the possible benefits of screening for the G6PD genotype along with using HbA1c to diagnose T2D in populations of African ancestry or groups where G6PD deficiency is common. Screening with direct glucose measurements, or genetically-informed HbA1c diagnostic thresholds in people with G6PD deficiency, may be required to avoid missed or delayed diagnoses.
|
|
| 38. |
- Wurm, Christian A., et al.
(författare)
-
Correlative STED super-resolution light and electron microscopy on resin sections
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics D. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0022-3727 .- 1361-6463. ; 52:37
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Correlative light and electron microscopy approaches can reveal the localisation of specific proteins while providing detailed information on the cellular context, thereby combining the strengths of both imaging modalities. The major challenge in combining fluorescence microscopy with electron microscopy is the different sample preparation requirements necessary for obtaining high quality data from both modalities. To overcome this limitation, we combined conventional sample preparation protocols for electron microscopy with post-embedding labelling on ultra-thin sections using antibodies and other specific ligands. We successfully employed STED super-resolution microscopy to image the subcellular distribution of several targets in various specimen including E. coli, T brucei, S. cerevisiae, human cancer cells and bovine sperm. Thus, we present widely applicable methods facilitating the use of antibodies for correlative super-resolution light and electron microscopy of post-embedding labelled targets.
|
|
