| 1. |
- Bernhard, Iréne, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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A digital society for all? : Meanings, practices and policies for digital diversity
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2019. - Honolulu, HI, USA. - 9780998133126 ; , s. 3067-3076
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of digital divides has been on the agenda in research and policy making for at least the last 20 years. But it is still, a challenge to grasp this concept that is so elusive and transforming. Inclusion, access and equality are still key values for democratic governance and must be addressed in particular when forming and contributing to a digital government. This paper seeks to intervene in current debates on digital divides and digital inclusion by analyzing two cases of responses among street-level public administration in relation to e-government services in Sweden. The case studies are strategically chosen and conducted in national agencies and in local public libraries. Three lines of contributions are discussed, firstly thei mportance to care for equality secondly the need to seethe non-users, and thirdly to discuss the potential of putting focus on digital diversity.
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| 2. |
- Iacobaeus, Helena, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Digitalt utanförskap : en forskningsöversikt
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här rapporten bygger på en kartläggande litteraturstudie om internationell forskning av digitalt utanförskap. Digitalt utanförskap är ett demokratiskt problem när alltfler välfärdstjänster digitaliseras. Rapportens syfte är att undersöka vilken forskning som har publicerats inom området digital exkludering, samt vilka faktorer som nämns som bidrar till digital exkludering och vilka grupper som studerats som digitalt exkluderade tidigare.ModellEn användbar modell för att analysera digitalt utanförskap har utarbetats av forskaren Jan van Dijk. Den har tidigare illustrerats som en triangel med motivation som bred bas, men utifrån vårt arbete med denna forskningsöversikt föreslår vi att den illustreras som en trappa med stegen: motivation, tillgång, färdigheter, användning. Denna modell visar hur forskningen har gått från fokus på tillgång till digital teknik, till att se det som ett mer komplext fenomen.ResultatResultatet visar att tidigare forskning har förklarat och förstått individuellt digitalt utanförskap utifrån följande faktorer:Bristande motivationBristande infrastruktur/tillgångBristande kunskap och färdigheterLåg socioekonomisk statusBristande tillit/självtillitNär det kommer till samhälleliga faktorer som kan bidra till digitalt utanförskap så nämns:Bristande styrning och ledningMotsatsen till digitalt utanförskap är digital delaktighet och inkludering. Det främsta resultatet visar att det är en pågående process som här liknas vid en trappa. Eftersom den digitala utvecklingen är pågående kan inte digital kompetens och inkludering ses som avslutade processer; människor måste ständigt uppgradera sina kompetenser för att kunna hänga med. Människor som befinner sig på de övre stegen kan dock halka ner vid en förändrad livssituation,som att gå från anställning till arbetslöshet.SlutsatserDet saknas enhetliga begrepp om vad som avses med digitalt utanförskap, inkludering och kompetens, vilket kan försvåra jämförelserDigital inkludering är pågående process, som människor kan halka efter iDigitalt utanförskap kan förstås utifrån situationer snarare än utifrån människors karaktär eller identitet (som implicit innebär att det kan undvikas)Digitalt utanförskap kan handla om komplexa samband mellan flera faktorerDigitalt utanförskap kan förekomma i olika sociala grupper och ålderskategorierRapporten har en sammanställning över faktorer som lyfts fram i tidigare forskning som gynnsamma för insatser som syftar till digital inkludering. Det handlar om faktorer som i stort återspeglas i ovan nämnda modell:MotiveraSkapa tillgångFrämja färdigheterFrämja användningIdéer för fortsatt forskningMed slutsatsen i tidigare forskning om att digital inkludering är en pågående och komplex process eftersom den digitala tekniken ständigt utvecklas behövs fortsatt forskning som visar hur olika faktorer hänger samman och kan bidra till inkludering eller exkludering. Det behövs även fortsatt forskning om olika grupper, till exempel nyanlända och migranter samt människor med olika funktionsvariationer. Att fokusera på hur olika situationer påverkar digital delaktighet och inkludering framstår som relevant. Mer tillämpad forskning om hur offentliga digitala system och tjänster designas inom ett svenskt sammanhang skulle också vara värdefull, liksom utvecklandet av nydanande metoder för att studera digital delaktighet.
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| 3. |
- Sefyrin, Johanna, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Addressing Digital Diversity in an Advanced Information Society : Ethics of care in a Swedish library context
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the paper is to use the concept of ethics of care in order to explore and reconceptualize the entangled relations that come into play when employees (librarians and others) in a Swedish public librariy context work to support citizens with digital problems. Application of ethics of care lens is interesting in this context from at least two perspectives. It can be used as a theoretical lens to analyze the librarians’ care practices in their mission for digital inclusion and addressing digital diversity needs. By uncovering the entanglements of relations between the librarians, the services, the visitors of the library, and the digital technologies, it opens for a contribution to the reconceptualization of digital citizenship (Mossberger et al, 2008) in relation to digital divide and participation, as well as access to services and opportunities. A care ethics lens is also valuable in terms of uncovering tensions and value conflicts that arise from normatively conflicting principles that govern public administrations in practice, such ex. New Public Management (Giritli Nygren, 2009; Rose, Persson, & Heeager, 2015), or service manufacturing logics governed by business rationale (Cordella, Paletti, Chun, Adam, & Noveck, 2018; Gustafsson & Wihlborg, 2019).
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| 4. |
- Sefyrin, Johanna, 1972-
(författare)
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Att utveckla framtidens informationssystem : Problematiska gränsdragningar mellan det sociala och det tekniska
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här rapporten handlar om relationen mellan tekniska och sociala aspekter av en verksamhet, i kontexten analys och utveckling av informationssystem. Den empiriska kontexten för rapporten utgörs av en förstudie i polisorganisationen som genomfördes under 2016-2017 med syfte att undersöka möjligheterna att utveckla ett nytt ledningsstödsystem. Studien genomfördes som en fallstudie med deltagande observationer av möten, intervjuer, samt projektdokumentation ligger till grund för analysen. Det empiriska material som ligger till grund för studien är en rapport som fokuserar på verksamhetsanalys av polisorganisationen, och framförallt de delar av rapporten som beskriver verksamhetens nuvarande förmågor och behov relaterat till ett nytt ledningsstödsystem. Rapporten analyserades med hjälp av analytiska begrepp såsom socioteknisk teori, deltagande design och sociomateriell teori. Analysen visar att det i beskrivningarna av verksamhetens förmågor finns en viss övervikt av tekniska formuleringar, något som kan förstås på flera olika sätt. Dels kan det förstås som att det tekniska och det sociala hänger så intimt samman i moderna organisationer att tidigare gränsdragningar mellan dessa har spelat ut sin roll. Det kan också förstås som en otydlighet som går bra att bibehålla i en förstudie och utifrån ett verksamhetsperspektiv, men kan komma att behöva tydliggöras ifall det kommer till konkret utveckling av ett ledningsstödsystem. Övervikten av tekniska formuleringar ger också intryck av en viss teknikoptimism. Slutsatsen är att gränsdragningar mellan tekniska och sociala aspekter av en verksamhet blir betydelsefulla på olika sätt i olika faser av design av informationssystem, något som man behöver ta hänsyn till vid utvecklingen av informationssystem mer generellt.
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| 5. |
- Sefyrin, Johanna, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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“It’s more important to be fast than to be informed” : Gender, age, disability and ethnicity in relation to IT in the Swedish Rescue Services
- 2016
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Ingår i: ISCRAM2016 Conference Proceedings. - 9788460879848
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is work in progress starting with the point of departure that everyday accidents strike unjust, and with the purpose to explore how gender, age, disability and ethnicity are understood, and included – or excluded – in relation to the information systems involved in rescue operations performed. Empirical material was gathered through interviews mainly at the Swedish Rescue Services, and the analysis shows that this kind of information is not included in the involved information systems, and that it is considered rather irrelevant. On the other hand, it is indicated that this information might well be relevant for the performance of rescue operations, discussed in terms of how gender, age, disability and ethnicity are reconfigured in the organization, something that opens up for the design of information systems that are more attentive to these issues, and that might possibly contribute to better supporting those in vulnerable positions.
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| 6. |
- Sefyrin, Johanna, 1972-
(författare)
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Power/knowledge and gender in information systems design
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems. - : IRIS Association. - 0905-0167 .- 1901-0990. ; 31:1, s. 67-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper concerns the intersection of knowledge, power and gender in information systems design. This is explored with the help of Foucault’s concept of power/knowledge, and ideas from feminist technoscience studies, and studied in the context of an information systems design project in a Swedish authority. The aim of the paper is to explore how power/knowledge plays out in the everyday practices of an information systems design project, and how this is also a gendered issue. The analysis showed three different configurations of power/knowledge during the course of the business analysis as a result of shifting design conditions. The analysis contains no key, but the project clearly worked towards the enactment of some specific, and differently gendered, futures, which shifted with the different configurations of power/knowledge. The analysis provides an example of how in IS design projects, various realities are enacted, how some gendered realities are being explored, dismissed, and replaced by others. This illustrates how hopes for a better future among some gendered bodies might emerge, but also how these hopes – in the course of the the same IS design project – might be turned down, when other bodies and values become prioritized. © 2019, IRIS Association. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Yousefi Mojir, Kayvan, 1980-
(författare)
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Information Systems Development for Emerging Public Sector Cross-sector Collaborations : The Case of Swedish Emergency Response
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Information systems (IS) seem prevalent in modern societies and have resulted in the rapid digitalisation of different societal sectors. One application domain of IS is emergency response, which is responsible for delivering essential services to save lives and minimise environmental damage in both small , frequent and large-scale emergencies. Specific IS applications are in turn used in emergency response to support such aspects as decision-making, communication, information sharing and the dispatching of resources. Public-sector cut-backs and a lack of professional resources have affected emergency response at the same time as natural disasters (e.g. forest fires, tsunamis, storms, terror attacks, and wars in the Middle East leading to mass migration) have intensified in recent decades. At the same time, frequent, small-scale accidents continue to occur on a regular basis, both in urban and sparsely populated areas. As a result, emergency response actors, first responders, are often placed under severe pressure. An emerging trend in response to these challenges, both in Sweden and internationally, is to create cross-sector forms of collaboration, by combining alternative resources from various sectors. Such collaborations are relatively new and involve heterogeneous stakeholders.Therefore, the thesis objective is to explore IS-related opportunities, challenges and needs aimed at supporting heterogeneous actors in emerging cross-sector collaborations in emergency response in order to enable and facilitate future related IS development. To achieve this, a user-centred approach was applied. A baseline study was performed followed by three case studies on ‘co-location of actors’, ‘co-operative use of resources’ and ‘semi-professionals as first responders’ by performing interviews, focus groups, participant observation, Future Workshops, an exercise and an after-action review. The thesis is based on case study research and qualitative research methods. Sociotechnical systems theory, the sociotechnical ensemble view, and network governance were used as the analytical framework. As part of achieving the thesis objectives, experiences from applying user participation in the context of cross-sector collaboration are also presented as part of the results. A context-specific framework developed to systematise and explore various important aspects of cross-sector collaboration in emergency response is also described.The results of this thesis indicate that the needs for IS in cross-sector collaborations vary from simple smartphone applications to manage alarms, positioning and the dispatching of new resources, to more sophisticated tools for sharing and viewing incident data. The results also indicate that these collaborations have the potential (e.g. resource redundancy, pooled competencies to increase total capacity) to improve Swedish emergency response if supported by adequate IS/IT support. The major challenges are organisational, economic and juridical and the most prominent are ambiguities in actors’ tasks and responsibilities, and how to prioritise between ordinary work and ‘new’ first-response tasks. They must be addressed to enable certain IS-functions, e.g. information sharing and positioning of resources The results also highlight several institutional factors (e.g. mutual interest between members, collective problem-solving, secrecy aspects) which are believed to play a key role in the success or failure of the collaborations and which must be adressed in the development of IS-support. The actors also have substantial basic needs for training (e.g. fire extinguishing, first aid) and emergency supplies (e.g. fire extinguishers, healthcare kits).Applying user participation also faced challenges, the major one being the development of a future cross-sector collaboration in a context that does not yet exist, and involving stakeholders from resource-strained organisations in doing so. The stakeholders, and sometimes also the primary end-users, are partly unknown and tasks are undefined. As a response to these challenges, a combination of activities based on multiple design groups, scenario-based Future Workshops, focus groups, the context-specific framework, a practical exercise and an after-action-review was provided. The framework, which was used to support data collection and user participation, includes 15 dimensions each intended to represent important aspects of cross-sector collaboration.The thesis major contributions are the identified opportunities, challenges and need as a ’sociotechnical ensemble’ and generated and from several studies, thus being comparable. The thesis more theoretical contributions is the combined application of the sociotechnical ensemble view and network governance where the studied collaboration forms are characterised as a hybrid form of networks and more traditional government mechanisms and where it is pointed out that network governance lacks explicit IS/IT aspects. In a wider perspective, the research fields of IS and political science may cross-fertilise each other when studying emerging cross-sector collaboration in the public sector. Identified user participation challenges relevant to the cross-sector collaboration context, suggestions on how they can be handled and the context-specific framework are contributions that can be used in practical user-centred IS development in similar contexts.
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