| 1. |
- Schlehofer, B, et al.
(author)
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Primary brain tumours and specific serum immunoglobulin E : a case-control study nested in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort
- 2011
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In: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 66:11, s. 1434-1441
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ABSTRACT: Background: Case-control studies suggest that patients with allergic diseases have a lower risk of developing glioma but not meningioma or schwannoma. However, those data can be differentially biased. Prospective studies with objective measurements of immunologic biomarkers, like immunoglobulin E (IgE), in blood obtained before cancer diagnosis could help to clarify whether an aetiological association exists. Methods: The present case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) measured specific serum IgE as a biomarker for the most common inhalant allergens in 275 glioma, 175 meningioma and 49 schwannoma cases and 963 matched controls using the ImmunoCAP specific IgE test. Subjects with an IgE level ≥0.35 kUA/l (kilo antibody units per litre) were classified as sensitized by allergens. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by adjusted conditional logistic regression models for each tumour subtype. The effect of dose-response relationship was assessed in five increasing IgE level categories to estimate P-values for trend. Results: The risk of glioma was inversely related to allergic sensitization (OR = 0.73; 95% CI 0.51-1.06), especially pronounced in women (OR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.30-0.95). In dose-response analyses, for high-grade glioma, the lowest OR was observed in sera with the highest IgE levels (P for trend = 0.04). No association was seen for meningioma and schwannoma. Conclusion: The results, based on serum samples prospectively collected in a cohort study, provide some support for the hypothesis that individuals with allergic sensitization are at reduced risk of glioma and confirm results from previous case-control studies.
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| 2. |
- Tremsin, A. S., et al.
(author)
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High-Resolution Neutron Counting Sensor in Strain Mapping Through Transmission Bragg Edge Diffraction
- 2011
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In: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1558-1748. ; 11:12, s. 3433-3436
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-resolution neutron counting sensors with microchannel plates coupled to a Timepix readout enable high spatial (similar to 55 mu m) and temporal (similar to 1 mu s) accuracy for each detected thermal and cold neutron. One of the attractive applications for those sensors is the high-resolution strain mapping in engineering samples through transmission Bragg edge diffraction. The unique combination of high detection efficiency (up to 70%), high spatial and temporal resolution of, detectors enable similar to 100 mu m strain mapping with similar to 100 mu strain accuracy. We present the results of proof of principle measurements performed at ROTAX beamline at ISIS spallation neutron source. Strain map of a bent steel sample is measured with very high spatial resolution. The same sensors enable high-resolution nondestructive studies in such diverse areas as neutron microtomography, dynamics of fuel injection, material composition, archaeology, water propagation and many others.
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| 3. |
- Tremsin, A. S., et al.
(author)
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Imaging of dynamic magnetic fields with spin-polarized neutron beams
- 2015
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In: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Precession of neutron spin in a magnetic field can be used for mapping of a magnetic field distribution, as demonstrated previously for static magnetic fields at neutron beamline facilities. The fringing in the observed neutron images depends on both the magnetic field strength and the neutron energy. In this paper we demonstrate the feasibility of imaging periodic dynamic magnetic fields using a spin-polarized cold neutron beam. Our position-sensitive neutron counting detector, providing with high precision both the arrival time and position for each detected neutron, enables simultaneous imaging of multiple phases of a periodic dynamic process with microsecond timing resolution. The magnetic fields produced by 5- and 15-loop solenoid coils of 1 cm diameter, are imaged in our experiments with similar to 100 mu m resolution for both dc and 3 kHz ac currents. Our measurements agree well with theoretical predictions of fringe patterns formed by neutron spin precession. We also discuss the wavelength dependence and magnetic field quantification options using a pulsed neutron beamline. The ability to remotely map dynamic magnetic fields combined with the unique capability of neutrons to penetrate various materials (e.g., metals), enables studies of fast periodically changing magnetic processes, such as formation of magnetic domains within metals due to the presence of ac magnetic fields.
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| 4. |
- Visekruna, A., et al.
(author)
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Intestinal development and homeostasis require activation and apoptosis of diet-reactive T cells
- 2019
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In: The Journal of clinical investigation. - 1558-8238. ; 129:5, s. 1972-1983
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The impact of food antigens on intestinal homeostasis and immune function is poorly understood. Here, we explored the impact of dietary antigens on the phenotype and fate of intestinal T cells. Physiological uptake of dietary proteins generated a highly activated CD44+Helios+CD4+ T cell population predominantly in Peyer patches. These cells are distinct from regulatory T cells and develop independently of the microbiota. Alimentation with a protein-free, elemental diet led to an atrophic small intestine with low numbers of activated T cells, including Tfh cells and decreased amounts of intestinal IgA and IL-10. Food-activated CD44+Helios+CD4+ T cells in the Peyer patches are controlled by the immune checkpoint molecule PD-1. Blocking the PD-1 pathway rescued these T cells from apoptosis and triggered proinflammatory cytokine production, which in IL-10-deficient mice was associated with intestinal inflammation. In support of these findings, our study of patients with Crohn's disease revealed significantly reduced frequencies of apoptotic CD4+ T cells in Peyer patches as compared with healthy controls. These results suggest that apoptosis of diet-activated T cells is a hallmark of the healthy intestine.
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| 5. |
- Andren, M., et al.
(author)
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Coupling between mineral reactions, chemical changes in groundwater, and earthquakes in Iceland
- 2016
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In: Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-9313. ; 121:4, s. 2315-2337
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chemical analysis of groundwater samples collected from a borehole at Hafralaekur, northern Iceland, from October 2008 to June 2015 revealed (1) a long-term decrease in concentration of Si and Na and (2) an abrupt increase in concentration of Na before each of two consecutive M 5 earthquakes which occurred in 2012 and 2013, both 76km from Hafralaekur. Based on a geochemical (major elements and stable isotopes), petrological, and mineralogical study of drill cuttings taken from an adjacent borehole, we are able to show that (1) the long-term decrease in concentration of Si and Na was caused by constant volume replacement of labradorite by analcime coupled with precipitation of zeolites in vesicles and along fractures and (2) the abrupt increase of Na concentration before the first earthquake records a switchover to nonstoichiometric dissolution of analcime with preferential release of Na into groundwater. We attribute decay of the Na peaks, which followed and coincided with each earthquake to uptake of Na along fractured or porous boundaries between labradorite and analcime crystals. Possible causes of these Na peaks are an increase of reactive surface area caused by fracturing or a shift from chemical equilibrium caused by mixing between groundwater components. Both could have been triggered by preseismic dilation, which was also inferred in a previous study by Skelton et al. (2014). The mechanism behind preseismic dilation so far from the focus of an earthquake remains unknown.
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| 6. |
- Caron, Bénédicte, et al.
(author)
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IOIBD Recommendations for Clinical Trials in Ulcerative Proctitis : the PROCTRIAL Consensus
- 2022
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In: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 20:11, s. 2169-2627.e1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Clinical trials evaluating biologics and small molecules in patients with ulcerative colitis are predominantly excluding ulcerative proctitis. The objective of the PROCTRIAL (Definition and endpoints for ulcerative PROCtitis in clinical TRIALs) initiative was to develop consensus statements for definitions, inclusion criteria, and endpoints for the evaluation of ulcerative proctitis in adults.METHODS: Thirty-five international experts held a consensus meeting to define ulcerative proctitis, and the endpoints to use in clinical trials. Based on a systematic review of the literature, statements were generated, discussed, and approved by the working group participants using a modified Delphi method. Consensus was defined as at least 75% agreement among voters.RESULTS: The group agreed that the diagnosis of ulcerative proctitis should be made by ileocolonoscopy and confirmed by histopathology, with the exclusion of infections, drug-induced causes, radiation, trauma, and Crohn's disease. Ulcerative proctitis was defined as macroscopic extent of lesions limited to 15 cm distance from the anal verge in adults. Primary and secondary endpoints were identified to capture response of ulcerative proctitis to therapy. A combined clinical and endoscopic primary endpoint for the evaluation of ulcerative proctitis disease activity is proposed. Secondary endpoints which should be evaluated include endoscopic remission, histological remission, mucosal healing, histologic endoscopic mucosal improvement, disability, fecal incontinence, urgency, constipation, and health-related quality of life.CONCLUSION: In response to the need for guidance on the design of clinical trials in patients with ulcerative proctitis, the PROCTRIAL consensus provides recommendations on the definition and endpoints for ulcerative proctitis clinical trials.
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| 7. |
- Eckhardt, CL, et al.
(author)
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Factor VIII gene (F8) mutation and risk of inhibitor development in nonsevere hemophilia A
- 2013
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In: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 122:11, s. 1954-1962
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The inhibitor incidence in nonsevere hemophilia A patients with certain F8 mutations approaches the inhibitor incidence in severe patients. These findings are highly relevant for clinical practice, as they facilitate identification of high-risk patients based on F8 genotype.
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| 14. |
- Olafsdottir, Jóna Marin, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Trunk muscle recruitment patterns in simulated precrash events
- 2018
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In: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1538-957X .- 1538-9588. ; 19, s. S186-S188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To quantify trunk muscle activation levels during whole body accelerations that simulate precrash events in multiple directions and to identify recruitment patterns for the development of active human body models. Methods: Four subjects (1 female, 3 males) were accelerated at 0.55 g (net Δv = 4.0 m/s) in 8 directions while seated on a sled-mounted car seat to simulate a precrash pulse. Electromyographic (EMG) activity in 4 trunk muscles was measured using wire electrodes inserted into the left rectus abdominis, internal oblique, iliocostalis, and multifidus muscles at the L2–L3 level. Muscle activity evoked by the perturbations was normalized by each muscle's isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) activity. Spatial tuning curves were plotted at 150, 300, and 600 ms after acceleration onset. Results: EMG activity remained below 40% MVC for the three time points for most directions. At the 150- and 300 ms time points, the highest EMG amplitudes were observed during perturbations to the left (–90°) and left rearward (–135°). EMG activity diminished by 600 ms for the anterior muscles, but not for the posterior muscles. Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that trunk muscle activity may be directionally tuned at the acceleration level tested here. Although data from more subjects are needed, these preliminary data support the development of modeled trunk muscle recruitment strategies in active human body models that predict occupant responses in precrash scenarios.
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| 15. |
- Söderström, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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PAHs and nitrated PAHs in air of five European countries determined using SPMDs as passive samplers
- 2005
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In: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 39:9, s. 1627-1640
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The gas phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs in the atmosphere of five European countries (Austria, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Sweden) were measured simultaneously during two 21-day passive sampling campaigns using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs). SPMD samplers, consisting of a pair of SPMDs covered by a metal umbrella, were deployed at 40 locations ranging from remote and rural to urban and industrial, at a similar time during each of the two sampling campaigns (autumn 1999, except in Poland, winter 1999, and summer 2000). The total amounts of PAHs and nitro-PAHs found in the SPMDs ranged between 5.0–1.2×103 and 1.1×10−3–4.0 ng SPMD−1 day−1, respectively. The measured environmental sampling conditions were similar between sites and, thus, the variations in the SPMD data reflected the spatial differences in gas phase concentrations of nitro-PAHs and PAHs within and between countries. The gas phase concentrations of nitro-PAHs and PAHs found in East Europe (Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Poland 1999) were 10 times higher than those measured in Sweden, Austria and Poland in 2000. In each country, the levels of PAHs and nitro-PAHs differed by one–three orders of magnitudes amongst sampling sites. The highest within-country spatial differences were found in Poland where levels of PAHs and nitro-PAHs were about one and two orders of magnitudes, respectively, higher in winter 1999 than in summer 2000, probably due to increasing emissions of coal combustion for residential heating. Differences in PAH-patterns between sites were visualized by the multivariate projection method, principal component analysis (PCA). However, no specific source patterns were found, probably since imissions rather than emissions were measured, so the PAHs detected at many sites originated from multiple sources.
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