| 1. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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Editorial Decisions May Perpetuate Belief in Invalid Research Findings
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social psychology and related disciplines are seeing a resurgence of interest in replication, as well as actual replication efforts. But prior work suggests that even a clear demonstration that a finding is invalid often fails to shake acceptance of the finding. This threatens the full impact of these replication efforts. Here we show that the actions of two key players journal editors and the authors of original (invalidated) research findings - are critical to the broader public's continued belief in an invalidated research conclusion. Across three experiments, we show that belief in an invalidated finding falls sharply when a critical failed replication is published in the same - versus different - journal as the original finding, and when the authors of the original finding acknowledge that the new findings invalidate their conclusions. We conclude by discussing policy implications of our key findings.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Emotional reactions to losing explain gender differences in entering a risky lottery
- 2010
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Ingår i: Judgment and Decision Making. - 1930-2975. ; 5:3, s. 159-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A gender difference in risk preferences, with women being more averse to risky choices, is a robust experimental finding. Speculating on the sources of this difference, Croson and Gneezy recently pointed to the tendency for women to experience emotions more strongly and suggested that feeling more strongly about negative outcomes would lead to greater risk-aversion. Here we test this hypothesis in an international survey with 424 respondents from India and 416 from US where we ask questions about a hypothetical lottery. In both countries we find that emotions about outcomes are stronger among women, and that this effect partially mediates gender difference in willingness to enter the lottery.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of unfairness in allocations between multiple recipients
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cognitive Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-0285 .- 1095-5623. ; 62:3, s. 225-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces a new model to explain perceptions of unfairness in resource allocations between multiple recipients. The model yields several novel predictions, all confirmed in a series of new empirical tests. For instance, while much prior research focuses on the differences between the judge’s share and others’ shares, we argue that people also care about differences between others’ shares. In particular, the presence of a single loser increases perceptions of unfairness. We also study individual variation in sensitivity to the single-loser dimension. Most centrally, we offer empirical support for the existence – indeed the prevalence – of ostraphobics, individuals with an acute sensitivity to being “ostracized” as a sole loser. We show that ostraphobics perceive unfairness more strongly than other types, are higher in need to belong and fear of negative evaluation, and are more prone to a heretofore unrecognized type of preference reversal with respect to fairness.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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The available evidence suggests the percent measure should not be used to study inequality : Reply to Norton and Ariely
- 2013
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Ingår i: Judgment and Decision Making. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1930-2975. ; 8:3, s. 395-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this reply, we reiterate the main point of our 2012 paper, which was that the measure of inequality used by Norton and Ariely (2011) was too difficult for it to yield meaningful results. We describe additional evidence for this conclusion, and we also challenge the conclusion that political differences in perceived and desired inequality are small.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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What do Americans know about inequality? It depends on how you ask them
- 2012
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Ingår i: Judgment and Decision Making. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1930-2975. ; 7:6, s. 741-745
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recent survey of inequality (Norton and Ariely, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 9-12) asked respondents to indicate what percent of the nation's total wealth is-and should be-controlled by richer and poorer quintiles of the U.S. population. We show that such measures lead to powerful anchoring effects that account for the otherwise remarkable findings that respondents reported perceiving, and desiring, extremely low inequality in wealth. We show that the same anchoring effects occur in other domains, namely web page popularity and school teacher salaries. We introduce logically equivalent questions about average levels of inequality that lead to more accurate responses. Finally, when we made respondents aware of the logical connection between the two measures, the majority said that typical responses to the average measures, indicating higher levels of inequality, better reflected their actual perceptions and preferences than did typical responses to percent measures.
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| 6. |
- Simpson, Brent, et al.
(författare)
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A lay-statistician explanation of minority discrimination
- 2012
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Ingår i: Social Science Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0049-089X .- 1096-0317. ; 41:3, s. 637-645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We outline a new explanation of discrimination against numerical minorities. In contrast to prior work that focuses on how the content of categories affects discrimination, our argument describes how the size of categories leads to discrimination. Specifically, we argue that, when comparing multiple categories, actors tend to view larger categories as more closely approximating an underlying population than smaller ones. As a result, a decision maker will tend to expect that members of a numerical majority are more likely to be what he/she is searching for, whether it is the best or worst candidate. We report the results of two studies designed to test these arguments. To demonstrate the generality of the proposed mechanism, Study 1 tested the argument in a non-social domain. Participants disproportionately favored the majority (vs. minority) category when searching for a single winning lottery ticket, and favored the minority category when the goal was to avoid a single losing ticket. Our second study supported an additional implication of the argument in a social domain: decision makers tended to rank highly qualified majority job candidates as better than equally qualified minority candidates, and relatively unqualified majority candidates as worse than equally unqualified minority candidates.
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