| 1. |
- Bak, Zoltan, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiac dysfunction after burns
- 2008
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Ingår i: Burns. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 34:5, s. 603-609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Using transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) we investigated the occurrence, and the association of possible abnormalities of motion of the regional wall of the heart (WMA) or diastolic dysfunction with raised troponin concentrations, or both during fluid resuscitation in patients with severe burns. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ten consecutive adults (aged 36-89 years, two women) with burns exceeding 20% total burned body surface area who needed mechanical ventilation were studied. Their mean Baux index was 92.7, and they were resuscitated according to the Parkland formula. Thirty series of TEE examinations and simultaneous laboratory tests for myocyte damage were done 12, 24, and 36h after the burn. RESULTS: Half (n=5) the patients had varying grades of leakage of the marker that correlated with changeable WMA at 12, 24 and 36h after the burn (p< or =0.001, 0.044 and 0.02, respectively). No patient had WMA and normal concentrations of biomarkers or vice versa. The mitral deceleration time was short, but left ventricular filling velocity increased together with stroke volume. CONCLUSION: Acute myocardial damage recorded by both echocardiography and leakage of troponin was common, and there was a close correlation between them. This is true also when global systolic function is not deteriorated. The mitral flow Doppler pattern suggested restrictive left ventricular diastolic function.
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| 2. |
- Bak, Zoltan, et al.
(författare)
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Hemodynamic Changes During Resuscitation After Burns Using the Parkland Formula
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Trauma. - 0022-5282 .- 1529-8809. ; 66:2, s. 329-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Parkland formula (2-4 mL/kg/burned area of total body surface area %) with urine output and mean arterial pressure (MAP) as endpoints; for the fluid resuscitation in burns is recommended all over the world. There has recently been a discussion on whether central circulatory endpoints should be used instead, and also whether volumes of fluid should be larger. Despite this, there are few central hemodynamic data available in the literature about the results when the formula is used correctly.Methods: Ten burned patients, admitted to our unit early, and with a burned area of >20% of total body sur-face area were investigated at 12, 24, and 36 hours after injury. Using transesophageal echocardiography, pulmonary artery catheterization, and transpulmonary thermodilution to monitor them, we evaluated the cardiovascular coupling when urinary output and MAP were used as endpoints.Results: Oxygen transport variables, heart rate, MAP, and left ventricular fractional area, did not change significantly during fluid resuscitation. Left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic area and global end-diastolic volume index increased from subnormal values at 12 hours to normal ranges at 24 hours after the burn. Extravascular lung intrathoracal blood volume ratio was increased 12 hours after the burn.Conclusions: Preload variables, global systolic function, and oxygen transport recorded simultaneously by three separate methods showed no need to increase the total fluid volume within 36 hours of a major burn. Early (12 hours) signs of central circulatory hypovolemia, however, support more rapid infusion of fluid at the beginning of treatment.
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| 3. |
- Bak, Zoltan, et al.
(författare)
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Human cardiovascular dose-response to supplemental oxygen
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 191:1, s. 15-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the central and peripheral cardiovascular adaptation and its coupling during increasing levels of hyperoxaemia. We hypothesized a dose-related effect of hyperoxaemia on left ventricular performance and the vascular properties of the arterial tree. Methods: Oscillometrically calibrated arterial subclavian pulse trace data were combined with echocardiographic recordings to obtain non-invasive estimates of left ventricular volumes, aortic root pressure and flow data. For complementary vascular parameters and control purposes whole-body impedance cardiography was applied. In nine (seven males) supine, resting healthy volunteers, aged 23–48 years, data was collected after 15 min of air breathing and at increasing transcutaneous oxygen tensions (20, 40 and 60 kPa), accomplished by a two group, random order and blinded hyperoxemic protocol. Results: Left ventricular stroke volume [86 ± 13 to 75 ± 9 mL (mean ± SD)] and end-diastolic area (19.3 ± 4.4 to 16.8 ± 4.3 cm2) declined (P < 0.05), and showed a linear, negative dose–response relationship to increasing arterial oxygen levels in a regression model. Peripheral resistance and characteristic impedance increased in a similar manner. Heart rate, left ventricular fractional area change, end-systolic area, mean arterial pressure, arterial compliance or carbon dioxide levels did not change. Conclusion: There is a linear dose–response relationship between arterial oxygen and cardiovascular parameters when the systemic oxygen tension increases above normal. A direct effect of supplemental oxygen on the vessels may therefore not be excluded. Proximal aortic and peripheral resistance increases from hyperoxaemia, but a decrease of venous return implies extra cardiac blood-pooling and compensatory relaxation of the capacitance vessels.
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| 4. |
- Rousseau, Andreas, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Acute hyperoxaemia-induced effects on regional blood flow, oxygen consumption and central circulation in man
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 183:3, s. 231-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Despite numerous in vitro and animal studies, circulatory effects and mechanisms responsible for the vasoconstriction seen during hyperoxaemia are yet to be ascertained. The present study set out to: (i) set up a non-invasive human model for the study of hyperoxia-induced cardiovascular effects, (ii) describe the dynamics of this effect and (iii) determine whether hyperoxaemia also, by vasoconstriction alters oxygen consumption (O2).Methods: The study comprised four experiments (A, B, C and D) on healthy volunteers examined before, during and after 100% oxygen breathing. A: Blood flow (mL min−1·100 mL−1 tissue), venous occlusion plethysmography was assessed (n = 12). B: Blood flow was recorded with increasing transcutaneous oxygen tension (PtcO2) levels (dose–response) (n = 8). C: Heart rate (HR), stroke volume, cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was assessed using echocardiography (n = 8). D: O2 was measured using an open circuit technique when breathing an air-O2 mix (fraction of inhaled oxygen: FiO2 = 0.58) (n = 8).Results: Calf blood flow decreased 30% during O2 breathing. The decrease in calf blood flow was found to be oxygen dose dependent. A similar magnitude, as for the peripheral circulation, of the effect on central parameters (HR/CO and SVR) and in the time relationship was noted. Hyperoxia did not change O2. An average of 207 (93) mL O2 per subject was washed in during the experiments.Conclusion: This model appears suitable for the investigation of O2-related effects on the central and peripheral circulation in man. Our findings, based on a more comprehensive (central/peripheral circulation examination) evaluation than earlier made, suggest significant circulatory effects of hyperoxia. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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| 5. |
- Berkenstam, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The thyroid hormone mimetic compound KB2115 lowers plasma LDL cholesterol and stimulates bile acid synthesis without cardiac effects in humans
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 105:2, s. 663-667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a major problem despite the availability of drugs that influence major risk factors. New treatments are needed, and there is growing interest in therapies that may have multiple actions. Thyroid hormone modulates several cardiovascular risk factors and delays atherosclerosis progression in humans. However, use of thyroid hormone is limited by side effects, especially in the heart. To overcome this limitation, pharmacologically selective thyromimetics that mimic metabolic effects of thyroid hormone and bypass side effects are under development. In animal models, such thyromimetics have been shown to stimulate cholesterol elimination through LDL and HDL pathways and decrease body weight without eliciting side effects. We report here studies on a selective thyromimetic [KB2115, (3-[[3,5-dibromo-4- [4-hydroxy-3-(1-methylethyl)-phenoxy]-phenyl]-amino]-3-oxopropanoic acid)] in humans. In moderately overweight and hypercholesterolemic subjects KB2115 was found to be safe and well tolerated and elicited up to a 40% lowering of total and LDL cholesterol after 14 days of treatment. Bile acid synthesis was stimulated without evidence of increased cholesterol production, indicating that KB2115 induced net cholesterol excretion. KB2115 did not provoke detectable effects on the heart, suggesting that the pharmacological selectivity observed in animal models translates to humans. Thus, selective thyromimetics deserve further study as agents to treat dyslipidemia and other risk factors for atherosclerosis. © 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Droog Tesselaar, Erik, 1977-
(författare)
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Assessment of microvascular function by use of transdermal iontophoresis : methodological aspects
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Assessment of the microcirculation is of major importance in understanding the physiology of the vasculature and in assessing te vascular effects of pathological conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and sepsis. Transdermal iontophoresis can be used to non‐invasively introduce vasoactive drugs into the skin. The response to these drugs of the local cutaneous microvasculature can be measured by laser Doppler flowmetry methods. Although these techniques have been used together for over two decades, there are still important methodological issues to be resolved. This work is aimed at optimizing transdermal iontophoresis as a tool for microvascular assessment by focusing on the main methdological issues: non‐specific vasodilatation, drug delivery protocols and analysis of blood flow data.Non‐specific vasodilatation, an increase blood flow during iontophoresis of non‐vasoactive compounds, is an important problem as it interferes with the response to the administered drug. By investigating this effect in healthy volunteers, we found that the extent of the non‐specific response differs between the positive and negative electrode and that it is dependent on the voltage over the skin andon the ionic strength of the vehicle in which the drug is dissolved. We also found that the extent of the non‐specific response could be reduced by applying local anesthetics and by pre‐treatment with antihistamine drugs. These results suggest that non‐specific effects could be mediated by depolarization or hyperpolarisation of cells, triggering neural and histamine related mechanisms that finally lead to vasodilatation of the local microvasculature.To prevent non‐specific effects from occurring during the experiments, our results show that the current strength and the total electric charge during iontophoresis should be limited to 0.02 mA and12 mC, respectively. Furthermore, drug solutions at physiological ionic strengths should be used. Under these conditions, adequate responses to the most commonly used drugs, acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), are obtained while no significant non‐specific vasodilatation occurs.The results of our investigations show that blood responses to ACh and SNP applied by a single iontophoretic pulse can well be escribed by conventional dose‐response models, which enables a more powerful analysis and comparison between drugs or possibly patient groups as compared with conventional aalysis methods. Finally, we have incorporated drug transport and physiological response to the local drug concentration during iontophoresis of vasoactve drugs into a single model. Validation of this model using measured responses to ACh and SNP shows that the commonly used assumption that the local drug concentration during iontophoresis is linearly proportional to the electric charge may not be valid.
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| 8. |
- Farnebo, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Continuous assessment of concentrations of cytokines in experimental injuries of the extremity
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. - : e-Century Publishing Corporation. - 1940-5901. ; 2:4, s. 354-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Inflammation plays an important part in the healing process. Little is known about the extent local inflammatory trauma response interacts with the central circulation and inflammation produced by central organs. The aim of the present study was to examine whether high cut-off microdialysis catheters offer potential to in real time assess interstitial cytokines variations in conjunction to markers of metabolism distal to a blunt vascular contusion. Methods. In a standardised contusion trauma model, microdialysis catheters (high MW (100kDa)) were inserted in the gracilis muscle distal to the trauma for the local assessment of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, total protein and the metabolic mediators (glycerol, puruvate and lactate). The contra lateral uninjured leg served as control of the centrally mediated inflammation propagated to the extremities. Results. The trauma led to a significant and quantitatively large (8-10 fold) increase in inflammatory cytokines (IL6 and 8) as measured both in the injured and control legs. There was only a minor, and not significant increase in concentrations of cytokines in the injured leg compared to the control leg.. There were no signs of ischemia in either leg. Conclusion. The new finding in this study is that both central, and local, inflammatory responses as well as metabolic mediators may be assessed continuously in skeletal muscle tissue distal to a major injury in an animal model. The findings suggest that the large trauma elicits a generalised inflammatory response to trauma rather than propagating a local one distal to the trauma.
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| 9. |
- Gölster, Helena, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired microvascular function related to poor metabolic control in young patients with diabetes
- 2005
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 25:2, s. 100-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to identify whether young patients with type 1 diabetes using modern multiple insulin injection therapy (MIT) have signs of microvascular dysfunction and to elucidate possible correlations with various disease parameters. Skin blood flow on the dorsum of the foot was measured with laser Doppler perfusion imaging in 37 patients (age 10–21 years, disease duration 6·0–16 years) and 10 healthy controls. Measurements were performed at rest, after change in posture (the leg was lowered below heart level) and during postocclusive hyperaemia. Following a change in posture blood flow increased instead of decreased in a majority of the study subjects. Patients with acute HbA1c >7·5% (n = 22) had an increase in skin blood flow at rest and a significantly reduced blood flow when the leg was lowered below heart level as compared with patients with HbA1c <7·5% (0·26 V versus 0·17 V, P<0·01 and 0·12 V versus 0·23 V, P<0·05, respectively) and healthy controls. Following occlusion of the macrocirculation for 3 min a small non-significant decrease in the hyperaemic response was seen in the patients. The postocclusive hyperaemic response and the venoarteriolar reflex were not correlated to duration of disease, long-term metabolic control or electrophysiological signs of peripheral nerve dysfunction. It is concluded that signs of microvascular dysfunction related to poor metabolic control are present in young patients with MIT treatment and rather well-controlled diabetes. Low resting blood flow levels are suggested to contribute to the absence of postural vasoconstrictor response.
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| 10. |
- Henricson, Joakim, 1977-
(författare)
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Assessment of microvascular effects of vasoactive drugs : Methodological in vivo studies in humansbased on iontophoresis
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in western societies and endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest signs seen in the development of such conditions. Thedevelopment of prognostic tools to aid in the prediction of micro- and macrovascular diseasebased on assessment of vascular reactivity is therefore of paramount importance.Transdermal iontophoresis offers a quick, non-invasive and relatively straightforward way todeliver vasoactive substances in order to provoke a vascular response in man. When combined with either laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) or tissue viability imaging (TiVi) for quantification of these responses the methodology offers a potentially powerful tool forvascular investigations. The technique has, however, not been established in clinical practice yet and is mostly used in experimental settings. The lack of consensus in what data analysistechnique to use, uncertainty concerning the actual drug dose applied, and the difficulties associated with the assessment of responses to vasoconstrictors may have contributed to thisfact. The aim of this thesis is therefore to address these issues and thus facilitate the use and improve the applicability of transdermal iontophoresis for assessment of cutaneous microvascular function.More specifically, a non-linear dose-response model (Emax-model) that is commonly used in in vitro investigations of vascular function was applied to the iontophoresis data. The resultsshow that the Emax-model accurately describes the cutaneous vascular responses totransdermally iontophoresed acetylcholine (ACh) and, sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The Emaxmodelgenerates variables that can be used for quantitative statistical analysis of data andenables a more powerful analysis compared to the methods presently used. It is furtherdemonstrated that the maximal dose effect and vascular responses vary between differentprotocols with the same total iontophoretic charge but with different current strengths anddurations. This finding implies that the assumption that the local drug dose is linearlyproportional to the iontophoretic charge (used for estimation of delivered drug dose to themicrovascular bed) may be inaccurate in in vivo investigations and that there is need for amore refined model.It is also demonstrated that in a vasoconstrictive setting (iontophoresis of noradrenaline andphenylephrine) TiVi is the favourable technique for measuring vascular responses as it issensitive enough to generate data that can be fitted to the Emax-model even without predilatationof the vessels.
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| 11. |
- Henricson, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of microvascular function by study of the dose‐response effects of iontophoretically applied drugs (acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside) : Methods and comparison with in vitro studies
- 2007
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Ingår i: Microvascular Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-2862 .- 1095-9319. ; 73:2, s. 143-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current knowledge about vascular function stems mainly from pharmacological in vitro studies using mounted vascular strips on a strain gauge. We know of no paper that has systematically examined the possibility of assessing the conventional dose–response effects of iontophoresis and laser Doppler investigation of vasoactive substances and compared those relations to data obtained from strips mounted on a strain gauge. We used the vasoactive substances acetylcholine (endothelium dependent) and sodium nitroprusside (endothelium independent) and an antagonist (atropine) to enable further investigations in the receptor physiology of iontophoresis. Dose–response curves from the iontophoresis experiments showed close similarity to those obtained by vascular strips mounted on a strain gauge. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the dose–response factors found in iontophoresis (both inter and intra experimental variability) was low. The iontophoretic effective dose of 50% (ED50) for acetylcholine and nitroprusside had only CVs of 25% and 26%, respectively, compared with 71% and 77% for the vascular strips. Acetylcholine-induced response was antagonized by iontophoresis of atropine. Contrary to expectations, this antagonism was not competitive. The results show that iontophoresis in combination with laser Doppler technology produces reproducible and reliable dose–response curves that picture the vascular effects of vasoactive drugs.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Henricson, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Tissue viability imaging : Microvascular response to vasoactive drugs induced by iontophoresis
- 2009
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Ingår i: Microvascular Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-2862. ; 78:2, s. 199-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When one is studying the physiology of the cutaneous microcirculation there is a need for relevant non-invasive and versatile techniques. In this study we used a new optical device, the tissue viability imager (TiVi), to map changes in cutaneous microvascular concentrations of red blood cells during iontophoresis of vasoactive substances (noradrenaline (NA) and phenylephrine (Phe) for vasoconstriction and acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) for vasodilatation). We aimed to present data both individually and pooled, using a four-variable logistic dose response model that is commonly used in similar in vitro vascular studies. The accuracy of the TiVi was also investigated by calculating the coefficient of variation and comparing it with similar tests previously done using laser Doppler imaging. Tests were also performed using the TiVi and LDPI simultaneously to further compare the two methods. Results showed that the TiVi is capable of quantifying vascular responses to iontophorised noradrenaline and phenylephrine without the need to increase background flow first. Fitting the TiVi data to the dose response model resulted in ED50-values with narrow confidence intervals and acceptable r2 values. Mean ED50-values for the TiVi did not differ significantly from similar values obtained using laser Doppler. Results further seem to suggest that when the blood perfusion increases during vasodilatation in skin the initial phase relies mainly on an increase in red blood cell concentration whereas the further perfusion increase is due to an increase in red blood cell velocity.
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| 16. |
- Karlander, Lars-Erik, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Acidosis in muscle tissue distal to vascular contusion despite unchanged global blood flow in rats : An uncoupling of microvascular blood flow and metabolism?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Microvascular Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-2862 .- 1095-9319. ; 70:1-2, s. 111-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies using a contusion trauma model have shown that the femoral artery of the rat remains patent in 85% despite a severe vessel injury. A significant increase in tissue oxygenation (PtO2) has been found despite only a minor effect on blood flow (<20% decrease) on the muscle surface distal to the injury indicating a disturbed relationship between microvascular blood flow and metabolism. The aim of the present study was to further study the interplay between microvascular blood flow and metabolism within the distal muscle using an ethanol clearance technique (blood flow) in conjunction to the determination of an ischemia marker (lactate) by use of microdialysis. Although skeletal muscle blood flow remained unaltered as assessed by ethanol clearance, skeletal muscle lactate levels increased significantly (P < 0.001) post-trauma in both legs. The increase was initially higher, faster and the increase over time larger in the trauma leg as compared to the control leg (P < 0.001). These findings indicate a systemic effect of the trauma. Further, it suggests a functional impairment of the relationship between microvascular blood flow and/or muscle metabolic processes when the trauma is directed towards the supplying blood vessel. The reason for this anaerobic insult as found in this study compared to the presence of a local increase in PtO2 in the trauma leg as shown in our previous study is suggestive of an microvascular blood flow and tissue metabolism uncoupling. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Kimme, Peter, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Dose effect of sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthetics on cortical blood flow during controlled hypotension in the pig
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 51:5, s. 607-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The ability of the brain to preserve adequate cerebral blood flow (CBF) during alterations in systemic perfusion pressure is of fundamental importance. At increasing concentrations, isoflurane and sevoflurane have been known to alter CBF, which may be disadvantageous for patients with increased intracranial pressure. The aim was to examine the effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane at increasing minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) on CBF, during controlled hypotension.Methods: We studied eight pigs during variations in perfusion pressure induced by caval block (100, 60, 50, and 40 mmHg) under normocapnia. CBF was measured locally in a defined area (4 × 5 measurement points covering 1 cm2) of the motor cortex using laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Physiological variables, assessed by analysis of arterial O2 and CO2, hemoglobin and hematocrit, were controlled. CBF was measured during propofol (10 mg × kg−1× h−1) and fentanyl (0.002 mg × kg−1× h−1) anesthesia, and then during anesthesia with either isoflurane or sevoflurane (given in random order) at increasing MAC (0.3–1.2). After a washout period, the measurements were repeated with the other gas.Results: CBF was significantly higher in the cortex during normotensive (control) settings, MAP ∼100 mmHg, compared with during hypotension (MAP 40–60 mmHg). Neither different anesthetic nor MAC or local measurement sites were found to influence CBF at any perfusion pressure.Conclusion: In this experimental model, the effect of hypotension on CBF was not altered by the anesthetics used [isoflurane, sevoflurane (MAC 0.3–1.2) or propofol (10 mg × kg−1× h−1)]. In this aspect (cortical tissue perspective), these volatile agents appear as suitable as propofol for neurosurgical anesthesia for patients at risk.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Liffner, G, et al.
(författare)
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Inhalation injury assessed by score does not contribute to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in burn victims
- 2005
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Ingår i: Burns. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 31:3, s. 263-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To establish the incidence, mortality, and time of onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in relation to extent of burn and inhalation injury in patients who required mechanical ventilation. Design: Data about burn and inhalation injury were recorded prospectively whereas ARDS and multiple organ dysfunction were assessed by review of patient charts. Setting: National burn intensive care unit at Linköping University Hospital, Sweden (a tertiary referral hospital). Patients: Between 1993 and 1999, we studied all patients with thermal injury (n = 553) who required mechanical ventilation for more than two days (n = 91). Measurements and results: Out of the thirty-six burn victims who developed ARDS (40%), 25 (70%) did so early post burn (in less than 6 days). Patients with ARDS had higher multiple organ dysfunction scores (mean 10.5) than those who did not develop ARDS (mean 5.6) (p < 0.01). The probable presence of inhalation injury as assessed by an inhalation lung injury score (ILIS) did not contribute to the development of ARDS. Mortality tended to be higher in patients who developed ARDS (14%) compared to those who did not (6%, p = 0.2). Conclusions: In our burn patients the incidence of ARDS was high whereas mortality was low. We found no association between inhalation injury as assessed using the ILIS and development of ARDS. Our data support a multi-factorial origin of ARDS in burn victims as a part of a multiple organ failure event. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
- Lindgren, Margareta, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Altered skin blood perfusion in areas with non blanchable erythema : an explorative study
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Wound Journal. - 1742-4801 .- 1742-481X. ; 3:3, s. 215-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non blanchable erythema, i.e. stage I pressure ulcer, is common in patients in acute and geriatric care and in nursing homes. Research has shown that this type of lesions is prone to develop into more severe pressure ulcers. The peripheral skin blood perfusion is of major importance for the development of pressure ulcers. The aim of this study was to explore the peripheral skin blood perfusion over time, in areas with non blanchable erythema and in corresponding undamaged areas on the opposite side of the body. A total of 19 measurements were performed, over time, using a laser Doppler perfusion imager. The blood flow distribution profiles over areas with non blanchable erythema and undamaged skin were found to be different. As the area of the non blanchable erythema decreased, the blood perfusion distribution profiles gradually became more heterogeneous; an area of high blood perfusion in the centre of the lesions was seen and the perfusion successively decreased closer to the edge. These results indicate that there are differences in blood perfusion between skin areas of non blanchable erythema and undamaged skin. The results also indicate that the visible redness in areas with non blanchable erythema is related to altered blood perfusion. The skin blood perfusion also seems to increase in relation to the size of the non blanchable erythema.
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| 22. |
- Lundqvist, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Food interaction of oral uptake of iron : a clinical trial using 59Fe
- 2007
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Ingår i: Arzneimittel-Forschung. - 0004-4172 .- 1616-7066. ; 57:6A, s. 401-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: A primary objective of the study was to evaluate how food as well as a specific enhancer or an inhibitor of iron uptake affect erythrocyte iron uptake after oral administration of iron(III)-hydroxide polymaltose complex (IPC, Maltofer) in subjects with or without iron deficiency. Secondary objectives of the study were 1. to compare the uptake of 59Fe in erythrocytes between subjects with or without iron deficiency, 2. to evaluate the 59Fe activity in plasma after oral administration of IPC and 3. to evaluate the safety of oral administration of IPC by adverse events (AEs), vital signs, and hematological and clinical chemistry parameters. DESIGN: Single-centre study with a crossover design. Each subject participated in two periods where single doses of 100 mg iron as IPC labeled with 59Fe were administered. In one period the subjects were fasting and in the other they were fed (Group A and Group B). Alternatively the study medication was administered in the fed state with an iron absorption enhancer (orange juice) or an iron absorption inhibitor (black tea, Group C and Group D). Eight subjects were included in each group, i.e. 32 subjects were included in total. All subjects completed the study and were included in the analyses of data. RESULTS: In terms of relative incorporation of iron in erythrocytes, both subjects with and without iron deficiency benefited from the concomitant administration of an enhancer with the IPC. In iron deficiency subjects the iron uptake was improved when administered with food whereas for the normal subjects the uptake was greater during fasting conditions. The uptake of 59Fe in erythrocytes was greater in subjects with iron deficiency compared to the normal subjects, except when IPC was administered during fasting conditions. The safety assessments performed in this study did not demonstrate any unexpected observations or safety concerns with IPC. CONCLUSION: In both subjects with and without iron deficiency treated with IPC the relative iron incorporation in erythrocytes increased in case of a concomitant administration of an enhancer. Furthermore, the 59Fe uptake in erythrocytes was higher in subjects with iron deficiency compared to normal subjects, except when IPC was administered during fasting conditions.
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| 23. |
- Nilsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Patient controlled sedation using a standard protocol for dressing changes in burns : Patients' preference, procedural details and a preliminary safety evaluation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Burns. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 34:7, s. 929-934
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patient controlled sedation (PCS) enables patients to titrate doses of drugs by themselves during different procedures involving pain or discomfort. Methods: We studied it in a prospective crossover design using a fixed protocol without lockout time to examine it as an alternative method of sedation for changing dressings in burned patients. Eleven patients with >10% total burn surface area (TBSA) had their dressings changed, starting with sedation by an anaesthetist (ACS). The second dressing change was done with PCS (propofol/alfentanil) and the third time the patients had to choose ACS or PCS. During the procedures, data on cardiopulmonary variables, sedation (bispectral index), pain intensity (VAS), procedural details, doses of drugs, and patients' preferences were collected to compare the two sedation techniques. Results: The study data indicated that wound care in burned patients is feasible with a standardized PCS protocol. The patients preferred PCS to ACS on the basis of self-control, and because they had less discomfort during the recovery period. Wound care was also considered adequate by the staff during PCS. No respiratory (respiratory rate/transcutaneous PCO2) or cardiovascular (heart rate/blood pressure) adverse events were recorded at any time during any of the PCS procedures. The doses of propofol and alfentanil and BIS index decrease were less during PCS than ACS. Procedural pain was higher during PCS but lower after the procedure. Conclusion: We suggest that PCS using a standard protocol is an interesting alternative to anaesthetist-provided sedation during dressing changes. It seems effective, saves resources, is safe, and at same time is preferred by the patients. The strength of these conclusions is, however, hampered by the small size of this investigation and therefore further studies are warranted. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI.
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| 24. |
- Nilsson, Gert, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of tissue viability by polarization spectroscopy
- 2008
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Ingår i: Opto-Electronics Review. - : SpringerLink. - 1230-3402 .- 1896-3757. ; 16:3, s. 309-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new and versatile method for tissue viability imaging based on polarization spectroscopy of blood in superficial tissue structures such as the skin is presented in this paper. Linearly polarized light in the visible wavelength region is partly reflected directly by the skin surface and partly diffusely backscattered from the dermal tissue matrix. Most of the directly reflected light preserves its polarization state while the light returning from the deeper tissue layers is depolarized. By the use of a polarization filter positioned in front of a sensitive CCD-array, the light directly reflected from the tissue surface is blocked, while the depolarized light returning from the deeper tissue layers reaches the detector array. By separating the colour planes of the detected image, spectroscopic information about the amount of red blood cells (RBCs) in the microvascular network of the tissue under investigation can be derived. A theory that utilizes the differences in light absorption of RBCs and bloodless tissue in the red and green wavelength region forms the basis of an algorithm for displaying a colour coded map of the RBC distribution in a tissue. Using a fluid model, a linear relationship (cc. = 0.99) between RBC concentration and the output signal was demonstrated within the physiological range 0–4%. In-vivo evaluation using transepidermal application of acetylcholine by the way of iontophoresis displayed the heterogeneity pattern of the vasodilatation produced by the vasoactive agent. Applications of this novel technology are likely to be found in drug and skin care product development as well as in the assessment of skin irritation and tissue repair processes and even ultimately in a clinic case situation.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- O'doherty, Jim, et al.
(författare)
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Sub-epidermal imaging using polarized light spectroscopy for assessment of skin microcirculation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Skin research and technology. - : Wiley. - 0909-752X .- 1600-0846. ; 13:4, s. 472-484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aims: Many clinical conditions that affect the microcirculation of the skin are still diagnosed and followed up by observational methods alone in spite of the fact that non-invasive, more user-independent and objective methods are available today. Limited portability, high cost, lack of robustness and non-specificity of findings are among the factors that have hampered the implementation of these methods in a clinical setting. The aim of this study is to present and evaluate a new, portable and easy-to-use imaging technology for investigation of the red blood cell (RBC) concentration in the skin microvasculature based on the method of polarization light spectroscopy using modified standard digital camera technology. Methods: The use of orthogonal linear polarization filters over both the flash source and the detector array removes the polarization-retaining light reflected from the epidermal layer. Only the depolarized light backscattered from the papillary dermal matrix reaches the detector array. By separating the RGB color planes of an image acquired in this manner and applying a dedicated image processing algorithm, spectroscopic information about the chromophores in the dermal tissue can be attained. If the algorithm is based on a differential principle in which the normalized differences between the individual values of the red and green color plane are calculated, tissue components with similar spectral signature in both planes are suppressed, while components with different spectral signatures such as RBCs are enhanced. Results: In vitro fluid models compare well with theory and computer simulations in describing a linear relationship between the imager output signal termed the tissue viability index (TiVi index) and RBC concentration in the physiological range of 0-4% RBC fraction of tissue volume (cc=0.997, n=20). The influence of oxygen saturation on the calculated RBC concentration is limited to within -3.9% for values within the physiological range (70-100% oxygen saturation). Monte Carlo simulations provide information about the sampling depth (about 0.5mm on the average) of the imaging system. In vivo system evaluation based on iontophoresis of acetylcholine displays a heterogeneous pattern of vasodilatation appearing inside the electrode area after about 10min. Topical application of methyl nicotinate and clobetasol propionate further demonstrates the capacity to document the extent and intensity of both an increase (erythema) and a decrease (blanching) in the skin RBC concentration without movement artifact and with compensation for irregularity in pigmentation. Conclusions: Polarization light spectroscopy imaging for assessment of RBC concentration in the skin microvasculature is a robust and accessible technique for the clinical setting. Additionally, the technique has pre-clinical research applications for investigation of the spatial and temporal aspects of skin erythema and blanching as well as a potential role in drug development, skin care product development and skin toxicological assessment.
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| 34. |
- Orwelius, Lotti, 1956-
(författare)
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Health related quality of life in adult former intensive care unit patients
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Patients treated in an intensive care unit (ICU) are seriously ill, have a high co‐morbidity, morbidity and mortality. ICUs are resource – demanding as they consume significant hospital resources for a minority of patients. The development of new medical procedures for critical care patients has over the years led to survival of larger numbers with more complex illnesses and extensive injuries. Improved survival rates lead to needs for outcome measures other than survival. The present study examines health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and factors assumed to be important for the long term HRQoL for former ICU patients.Methods: This is a multicenter cohort study of 980 adult patients admitted to one of three mixed medical‐surgical ICUs in Southern Sweden, during 2000 to 2004. The patients were studied at four different occasions after their critical illness: 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after discharge from the ICU and hospital. HRQoL was assessed by the EuroQol 5‐Dimensions (EQ‐5D) and Medical Outcome Short Form (SF‐36), sleep disturbances by the Basic Nordic Sleep questionnaire (BNSQ), and pre‐existing diseases was collected by self‐reported disease diagnosis. Data from a large public health survey (n=6093) of the county population were used as reference group.Results: Compared with the age and sex adjusted general reference group the patients who had been in the ICU had significantly lower scores on EQ‐5D and in SF‐ 36 all eight dimensions. This was seen both for the general ICU patients as well as for the multiple trauma patients. Significant improvement over time was seen only in single and separate dimensions for the general ICU group, and for the multiple trauma group. Long term effects of ICU care on sleep patterns were found minor as 70 % reported an unchanged sleep pattern and only 9% reported worse sleep after the IC period. Pre‐existing diseases were found to be the factor that had the largest influence on HRQoL in both the short‐ and long term perspective for the general ICU patients as well as for the multiple trauma patients. It was also found to have negative impact on sleep. IC ‐related factors showed only a minor influence on HRQoL or sleep patterns after the ICU stay.Conclusions: This multicenter study shows that pre‐existing diseases influence the HRQoL short‐ and long‐term after IC, and it must be accounted for when HRQoL and outcome after IC are studied. Approximately, 50% of the decline in HRQoL for the ICU patients could be explained by pre‐existing diseases. Future research needs to focus on the remaining factors of importance for the total HRQoL impairment for these patients.
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| 35. |
- Orwelius, Lotti, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of sleep disturbances and long-term reduced health-related quality of life after critical care : a prospective multicenter cohort study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Critical care (London, England). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1466-609X .- 1364-8535. ; 12:4, s. R97-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present prospective multicenter cohort study was to examine the prevalence of sleep disturbance and its relation to the patient's reported health-related quality of life after intensive care. We also assessed the possible underlying causes of sleep disturbance, including factors related to the critical illness.METHODS: Between August 2000 and November 2003 we included 1,625 consecutive patients older than 17 years of age admitted for more than 24 hours to combined medical and surgical intensive care units (ICUs) at three hospitals in Sweden. Conventional intensive care variables were prospectively recorded in the unit database. Six months and 12 months after discharge from hospital, sleep disturbances and the health-related quality of life were evaluated using the Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-form Health Survey, respectively. As a nonvalidated single-item assessment, the quality of sleep prior to the ICU period was measured. As a reference group, a random sample (n = 10,000) of the main intake area of the hospitals was used.RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported quality of sleep did not change from the pre-ICU period to the post-ICU period. Intensive care patients reported significantly more sleep disturbances than the reference group (P < 0.01). At both 6 and 12 months, the main factor that affected sleep in the former hospitalised patients with an ICU stay was concurrent disease. No effects were related to the ICU period, such as the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score, the length of stay or the treatment diagnosis. There were minor correlations between the rate and extent of sleep disturbance and the health-related quality of life.CONCLUSION: There is little change in the long-term quality of sleep patterns among hospitalised patients with an ICU stay. This applies both to the comparison before and after critical care as well as between 6 and 12 months after the ICU stay. Furthermore, sleep disturbances for this group are common. Concurrent disease was found to be most important as an underlying cause, which emphasises that it is essential to include assessment of concurrent disease in sleep-related research in this group of patients.
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| 36. |
- Orwelius, Lotti, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Role of preexisting disease in patients' perceptions of health-related quality of life after intensive care.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Critical Care Medicine. - 0090-3493 .- 1530-0293. ; 33:7, s. 1557-1564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To find out how patients perceive their health-related quality of life after they have been treated in an intensive care unit and whether preexisting disease influenced their perception. DESIGN:: Follow-up, quantitative, dual-site study. SETTING: Combined medical and surgical intensive care units of one university and one general hospital in Sweden. PATIENTS: Among the 1,938 patients admitted, 562 were considered eligible (>24 hrs in the intensive care unit, and age >18 yrs). The effect of preexisting disease was assessed by use of a large reference group, a random sample (n = 10,000) of the main intake area of the hospitals. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: During 2000-2002, data were collected from the intensive care unit register and from a questionnaire mailed to the patients 6 months after their discharge from hospital. Subjects in the reference group were sent postal questionnaires during 1999. Of the patients in the intensive care unit group, 74% had preexisting diseases compared with 51% in the reference group. Six months after discharge, health-related quality of life was significantly lower among patients than in the reference group. When comparisons were restricted to the previously healthy people in both groups, the observed differences were about halved, and when we compared the patients in the intensive care unit who had preexisting diseases with subjects in the reference group who had similar diseases, we found little difference in perceived health-related quality of life. In some dimensions of health-related quality of life, we found no differences between patients in the intensive care unit and the subjects in the reference population. CONCLUSIONS: Preexisting diseases significantly affect the extent of the decline of health-related quality of life after critical care, and this effect may have been underestimated in the past. As most patients who are admitted to an intensive care unit have at least one preexisting disease, it is important to account for these effects when examining outcome.
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| 37. |
- Parment, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term immunosuppression in burned patients assessed by in vitro neutrophil oxidative burst (Phagoburst®)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Burns. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 33:7, s. 865-871
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess the duration and magnitude of immunosuppression induced by burns as measured by the neutrophil oxidative burst in vitro. Design: Prospective exploratory cohort study. Setting: Tertiary referral unit, University Hospital, Linkoping, Sweden (National Burn Unit). Patients and healthy volunteers (controls): Twenty-eight subjects consecutively admitted to the Burn Unit. The mean total burn surface area (TBSA%) was 36 (range 13-87) and mean age 44 years (range 14-89). Patients' data were collected prospectively in the burn unit, which also included sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. Interventions: None. Measurements and results: To assess the changes in the oxidative capacity of neutrophils after the burn, blood samples for the Phagoburst® analysis were taken on admission and at least once every second week for the duration of stay in hospital and thereafter monthly up to 12 months after the burn. Neutrophils were stimulated in vitro by Escherichia coli, phorbol 12-phorbol myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and peptide N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Oxidative burst was measured by flow cytometry. Oxidative capacity of the neutrophils decreased similarly for all three stimulants: there was a pathological decrease shortly after admission, with the lowest value occurring between days 7 and 10, followed by a gradual recovery during the ensuing months. Full recovery (to the values of the controls) was seen first 3.5 months after the burn. Using multiple regression, we found that only age and time since the burn significantly (p < 0.05) affected the oxidative burst. White cell count (WCC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) values returned to reference ranges long before the oxidative burst. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that immunosuppression in those injured by burns, as assessed by the in vitro oxidative burst of neutrophils, remains long after the event of the burn (up to 3.5 months after burn). Absence of correlations to TBSA%, FTB%, blood transfusion, opiates provided, and multiple organ failure score and laboratory infection variables together with the finding that decreased oxidative burst was uniform after the injury, suggesting that this immunosuppression is primarily due to the general metabolic response rather than recurring infections. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI.
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| 38. |
- Reske, A, et al.
(författare)
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Computed tomography - A possible aid in the diagnosis of smoke inhalation injury?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 49:2, s. 257-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inhalation injury is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in burn victims and can trigger acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (1-3). Early diagnosis and treatment of inhalation injury are important, but a major problem in planning treatment and evaluating the prognosis has been the lack of consensus about diagnostic criteria (4). Chest radiographs on admission are often non-specific (5, 6), but indicators include indoor fires, facial burns, bronchoscopic findings of soot in the airways, and detection of carbon monoxide or cyanide in the blood (7). Changes in the lungs may be detected by bronchoscopy with biopsy, xenon imaging, or measurement of pulmonary extracellular fluid (4, 5, 8). These methods have, however, been associated with low sensitivity and specificity, as exemplified by the 50% predictive value in the study of Masanes et al. (8). Computed tomographs (CTs) are better than normal chest radiographs in the detection of other pulmonary lesions such as pulmonary contusion (9, 10). The importance of CT scans in patients with ARDS has been reviewed recently (9), but unfortunately there has been no experience of CT in patients with smoke inhalation injury. To our knowledge, there are only two animal studies reporting that smoke inhalation injury can be detected by CT (4, 11), specific changes in human CT scans have not yet been described. Therefore, confronted with a patient with severe respiratory failure after a burn who from the history and physical examination showed the classic risk factors for inhalation injury, we decided to request a CT. © Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 49 (2005).
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Rousseau, Andreas, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Hyperoxia decreases cutaneous blood flow in high-perfusion areas
- 2007
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Ingår i: Microvascular Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-2862 .- 1095-9319. ; 74:1, s. 15-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanism by which hyperoxia decreases blood flow is still not understood. Hyperoxemia-induced vasoconstriction is known to occur in many organs, including brain and retina, skeletal muscle, and myocardium. Whether this also occurs in skin is unknown.This study was conducted in healthy volunteers exposed intermittently to 100% oxygen (FIO2 1.0). Perfusion of forearm skin was measured by laser Doppler imaging (LDI). In series 1, it was measured in 7 subjects before, during, and after 15 min of oxygen breathing. In series 2, flow was measured, also during air and O2 breathing, after perfusion was raised by (a) sympathetic blockade (induced by a topically applied local anesthetic) (n = 9) and by (b) current-induced vasodilation (n = 8).In normal unperturbed skin, there was no significant change with hyperoxia. When basal perfusion was raised by topical anesthesia or by current, there was also no change in mean perfusion overall with hyperoxia. However, areas with the highest perfusion (upper decile) showed a significant perfusion decrement with hyperoxia (− 30% and − 20%, respectively; p < 0.001).Vasoconstriction with hyperoxia has been demonstrated in human skin. The fact that it is observed only when flow is increased above basal levels and then only in high-flow vessels suggests that cutaneous blood flow control is primarily regulated by variables other than oxygen.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Samuelsson, Anders, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Microdialysis shows metabolic effects in skin during fluid resuscitation in burn-injured patients
- 2006
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Ingår i: Critical Care. - London, UK : BioMed Central. - 1364-8535 .- 1466-609X. ; 10:6, s. Art.no: R172-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Established fluid treatment formulas for burn injuries have been challenged as studies have shown the presence of tissue hypoxia during standard resuscitation. Such findings suggest monitoring at the tissue level. This study was performed in patients with major burn injuries to evaluate the microdialysis technique for the continuous assessment of skin metabolic changes during fluid resuscitation and up to four days postburn. Methods: We conducted an experimental study in patients with a burn injury, as represented by percentage of total body surface area burned (TBSA), of more than 25% in a university eight-bed burns intensive care unit serving about 3.5 million inhabitants. Six patients with a median TBSA percentage of 59% (range 33.5% to 90%) and nine healthy controls were examined by intracutaneous MD, in which recordings of glucose, pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and urea were performed. Results: Blood glucose concentration peaked on day two at 9.8 mmol/l (6.8 to 14.0) (median and range) and gradually declined on days three and four, whereas skin glucose in MD continued to increase throughout the study period with maximum values on day four, 8.7 mmol/l (4.9 to 11.0). Controls had significantly lower skin glucose values compared with burn patients, 3.1 mmol/l (1.5 to 4.6) (p < 0.001). Lactate from burn patients was significantly higher than controls in both injured and uninjured skin (MD), 4.6 mmol/l (1.3 to 8.9) and 3.8 mmol/l (1.6 to 7.5), respectively (p < 0.01). The skin lactate/pyruvate ratio (MD) was significantly increased in burn patients on all days (p < 0.001). Skin glycerol (MD) was significantly increased at days three and four in burn patients compared with controls (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Despite a strategy that fulfilled conventional goals for resuscitation, there were increased lactate/pyruvate ratios, indicative of local acidosis. A corresponding finding was not recorded systemically. We conclude that MD is a promising tool for depicting local metabolic processes that are not fully appreciated when examined systemically. Because the local response in glucose, lactate, and pyruvate metabolism seems to differ from that recorded systemically, this technique may offer a new method of monitoring organs. © 2006 Samuelsson et al., licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
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| 44. |
- Samuelsson, Anders, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Serotonin kinetics in patients with burn injuries : A comparison between the local and systemic responses measured by microdialysis-A pilot study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Burns. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 34:5, s. 617-622
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate serotonin (5HT) locally in burned and uninjured skin (intracutaneous) by microdialysis, and simultaneously record urinary and blood values in the same subjects. For comparison, serotonin values were also measured in skin of healthy controls. Design and setting: An experimental study in burned patients with of more than 25% TBSA (total burn surface area) % in an 8-bed tertiary burns unit, serving about 3.5 million persons. Patients and methods: Six subjects with a median TBSA% of 59% (range 33.5-90), and five healthy controls were examined by intracutaneous microdialysis of the skin. Results: 5HT was increased in burned patients, compared with controls. This increase was tenfold in skin and was noted both in uninjured and burned skin. The highest values were recorded on day 1 (median 16.1 nmol in uninjured and 9.5 nmol in burned skin) and day 2 (15.6 nmol in uninjured and 13.4 nmol in burned skin). A rapid reduction was noted on day 3 (4.9 nmol in uninjured and 3.8 nmol in burned skin). The corresponding value for control subjects was 1.3 nmol. The 5HT in blood was twice normal on day 2, and gradually reduced on days 3 and 4 (3189, 3035 and 2573 nmol, respectively). Urinary 5HT concentrations were increased only on day 2 at 1755 nmol and thereafter returned to the normal range on days 3 and 4 (1248 and 1344 nmol, respectively). Conclusions: We showed that microdialysis may be used in the critical care of burns, and local skin serotonin concentrations examined continuously for several days. The findings of significantly raised tissue serotonin concentrations, compared to that in blood and urine, suggests that serotonin may be important in local vascular control and formation of oedema. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Sjöberg, Folke
(författare)
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Skoldningsskader hos barn
- 2008
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Ingår i: Tidskrift for Norsk Anestesiologisk forening. ; 21:2, s. 51-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 50. |
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