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| 4. |
- Weaver, Jamie L., et al.
(författare)
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Pre‐Viking Swedish Hillfort Glass : A Prospective Long‐Term Alteration Analogue for Vitrified Nuclear Waste
- 2018
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Applied Glass Science (IJAGS). - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2041-1294 .- 2041-1286. ; 9:4, s. 540-554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Models for long‐term glass alteration are required to satisfy performance predictions of vitrified nuclear waste in various disposal scenarios. Durability parameters are usually extracted from short‐term laboratory tests, and sometimes checked with long‐term natural experiments on glasses, termed analogues. In this paper, a unique potential ancient glass analogue from Sweden is discussed. The hillfort glass found at Broborg represents a unique case study as a vitrified waste glass analogue to compare to Low Activity Waste glass to be emplaced in near surface conditions at Hanford (Washington State). Glasses at Broborg have similar and dissimilar compositions to LAW glass, allowing the testing of long‐term alteration of different glass chemistries. Additionally, the environmental history of the site is reasonably well documented. Initial investigations on previously collected samples established methodologies for handling and characterizing these artifacts by laboratory methods while preserving their alteration layers and cultural context. Evidence of possible biologically influenced glass alteration, and differential alteration in the two types of glass found at the Broborg site is presented.
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| 5. |
- Carlbring, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Treat your social anxiety disorder with this gamified smartphone app
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common debilitating mental illness with large negative effects on quality of life and economic productivity. Modern psychotherapy treatments utilizing cognitive–behavioral theory are increasingly delivered over the Internet and more recently using smartphone applications. The Challenger App written natively for the Apple iPhone was developed at the Stockholm University Department of Psychology for the treatment of SAD and uses a number of advanced features not previously seen in past mental health applications; these include real-time location awareness, notifications, anonymous social interaction between users, a high-degree of personalization and use of gamification techniques.Method: A total of 209 participants with a primary diagnosis of SAD were randomized to one of three groups: 1) Self-help book, 2) Self-help book + the Challenger app, or 3) waitlist. The treatment period lasted 6 weeks. Primary outcome measure was Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale self- report (LSAS-SR). Also included where the Quality of Life Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Outcome was analyzed according to the intention to treat principle.Results: Both treatment groups were superior to the waitlist. On the main outcome measure (LSAS-SR) the effect size for the waitlist was Cohens d=0.14. The group that received the self-help book with the addition of the Challenger app was significantly superior (d=1.0) to just reading the self- help book (d=0.61). Participants requited by way of Newspaper advertisement were more likely to reach high end-state functioning (OR=4.1) and the same was true for participants without prior psychological treatment history as compared with having a previous experience (OR=4.4).Conclusion: Adding the smartphone app is a cost effective way of improving the outcome when treating SAD with a self-help book.
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| 6. |
- Dahlgren, David, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of absorption-modifying excipients, hypotonicity, and enteric neural activity in an in vivo model for small intestinal transport.
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-5173 .- 1873-3476. ; 549:1-2, s. 239-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The small intestine mucosal barrier is physiologically regulated by the luminal conditions, where intestinal factors, such as diet and luminal tonicity, can affect mucosal permeability. The intestinal barrier may also be affected by absorption-modifying excipients (AME) in oral drug delivery systems. Currently, there is a gap in the understanding of how AMEs interact with the physiological regulation of intestinal electrolyte transport and fluid flux, and epithelial permeability. Therefore, the objective of this single-pass perfusion study in rat was to investigate the effect of three AMEs on the intestinal mucosal permeability at different luminal tonicities (100, 170, and 290 mOsm). The effect was also evaluated following luminal administration of a nicotinic receptor antagonist, mecamylamine, and after intravenous administration of a COX-2 inhibitor, parecoxib, both of which affect the enteric neural activity involved in physiological regulation of intestinal functions. The effect was evaluated by changes in intestinal lumen-to-blood transport of six model compounds, and blood-to-lumen clearance of 51Cr-EDTA (a mucosal barrier marker). Luminal hypotonicity alone increased the intestinal epithelial transport of 51Cr-EDTA. This effect was potentiated by two AMEs (SDS and caprate) and by parecoxib, while it was reduced by mecamylamine. Consequently, the impact of enteric neural activity and luminal conditions may affect nonclinical determinations of intestinal permeability. In vivo predictions based on animal intestinal perfusion models can be improved by considering these effects. The in vivo relevance can be increased by treating rats with a COX-2 inhibitor prior to surgery. This decreases the risk of surgery-induced ileus, which may affect the physiological regulation of mucosal permeability.
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| 7. |
- Dahlgren, David, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of drug permeability calculation based on luminal disappearance and plasma appearance in the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model
- 2019
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Ingår i: European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-6411 .- 1873-3441. ; 142, s. 31-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rat single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model is commonly used to investigate gastrointestinal physiology and membrane drug transport. The SPIP model can be used with the intestinal segment inside or outside the abdomen. The rats can also be treated with parecoxib, a selective cycloxygenase-2 inhibitor that has been shown to affect some intestinal functions following abdominal surgery, such as motility, epithelial permeability, fluid flux and ion transport. However, the impact of extra-abdominal placement of the intestinal segment in combination with parecoxib on intestinal drug transport has not been investigated. There is also uncertainty how well intestinal permeability determinations based on luminal drug disappearance and plasma appearance correlate in the rat SPIP model. The main objective of this rat in vivo study was to investigate the effect of intra- vs. extra abdominal SPIP, with and without, pretreatment with parecoxib. The effect was evaluated by determining the difference in blood-to-lumen Cr-51-EDTA clearance, lumen-to-blood permeability of a cassette-dose of four model compounds (atenolol, enalaprilat, ketoprofen, and metoprolol), and water flux. The second objective was to compare the jejunal permeability values of the model drugs when determined based on luminal disappearance or plasma appearance. The study showed that the placement of the perfused jejunal segment, or the treatment with parecoxib, had minimal effects on membrane permeability and water flux. It was also shown that intestinal permeability of low permeability compounds should be determined on the basis of data from plasma appearance rather than lumina] disappearance. If permeability is calculated on the basis of luminal disappearance, it should preferably include negative values to increase the accuracy in the determinations.
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| 8. |
- Dahlgren, David, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of three absorption-modifying critical excipients on the in vivo intestinal absorption of six model compounds in rats and dogs.
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-5173 .- 1873-3476. ; 547:1-2, s. 158-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pharmaceutical excipients that may affect gastrointestinal (GI) drug absorption are called critical pharmaceutical excipients, or absorption-modifying excipients (AMEs) if they act by altering the integrity of the intestinal epithelial cell membrane. Some of these excipients increase intestinal permeability, and subsequently the absorption and bioavailability of the drug. This could have implications for both the assessment of bioequivalence and the efficacy of the absorption-enhancing drug delivery system. The absorption-enhancing effects of AMEs with different mechanisms (chitosan, sodium caprate, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) have previously been evaluated in the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model. However, it remains unclear whether these SPIP data are predictive in a more in vivo like model. The same excipients were in this study evaluated in rat and dog intraintestinal bolus models. SDS and chitosan did exert an absorption-enhancing effect in both bolus models, but the effect was substantially lower than those observed in the rat SPIP model. This illustrates the complexity of the AME effects, and indicates that additional GI physiological factors need to be considered in their evaluation. We therefore recommend that AME evaluations obtained in transit-independent, preclinical permeability models (e.g. Ussing, SPIP) should be verified in animal models better able to predict in vivo relevant GI effects, at multiple excipient concentrations.
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| 9. |
- Dahlgren, David, et al.
(författare)
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Time-dependent effects on small intestinal transport by absorption-modifying excipients
- 2018
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Ingår i: European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-6411 .- 1873-3441. ; 132, s. 19-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relevance of the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model for investigating in vivo time-dependent effects of absorption-modifying excipients (AMEs) is not fully established. Therefore, the dynamic effect and recovery of the intestinal mucosa was evaluated based on the lumen-to-blood flux (Jabs) of six model compounds, and the blood-to-lumen clearance of 51Cr-EDTA (CLCr), during and after 15- and 60-min mucosal exposure of the AMEs, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and chitosan, in separate experiments. The contribution of enteric neurons on the effect of SDS and chitosan was also evaluated by luminal coadministration of the nicotinic receptor antagonist, mecamylamine. The increases in Jabs and CLCr (maximum and total) during the perfusion experiments were dependent on exposure time (15 and 60 min), and the concentration of SDS, but not chitosan. The increases in Jabs and CLCr following the 15-min intestinal exposure of both SDS and chitosan were greater than those reported from an in vivo rat intraintestinal bolus model. However, the effect in the bolus model could be predicted from the increase of Jabs at the end of the 15-min exposure period, where a six-fold increase in Jabs was required for a corresponding effect in the in vivo bolus model. This illustrates that a rapid and robust effect of the AME is crucial to increase the in vivo intestinal absorption rate before the yet unabsorbed drug in lumen has been transported distally in the intestine. Further, the recovery of the intestinal mucosa was complete following 15-min exposures of SDS and chitosan, but it only recovered 50% after the 60-min intestinal exposures. Our study also showed that the luminal exposure of AMEs affected the absorptive model drug transport more than the excretion of 51Cr-EDTA, as Jabs for the drugs was more sensitive than CLCr at detecting dynamic mucosal AME effects, such as response rate and recovery. Finally, there appears to be no nicotinergic neural contribution to the absorption-enhancing effect of SDS and chitosan, as luminal administration of 0.1 mM mecamylamine had no effect.
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| 10. |
- Delin, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Challenger - A mobile phone application for treatment of social phobia : A randomized controlled trial of a self-help treatment in book form with or without the addition of mobile phone application
- 2015
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Ingår i: Abstracts from the 7th Swedish Congress on internet interventions (SWEsrii). - Linköping : Linköping University Press. ; , s. 23-23
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Social phobia is one of the most common anxiety disorders. The diagnosis results in great suffering for the individual but also large social costs. This randomized, controlled study (N = 209) aimed to evaluate the relative impact of a self-help treatment in book form, with or without the addition of a mobile phone application for people with social phobia. Results demonstrated a statistically significant greater improvement between the two active treatment groups and the waiting list. A medium-sized effect size on the primary outcome measure Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale self report was found only between the waiting list and the group treated with the addition of mobile application. Statistically significant differences were not found between the two active treatment groups. The results of this study strengthen previous research which has shown that bibliotherapy is effective for social phobia. Since the research on the efficiency of mobile phone applications for treatment of social phobia are limited, this study contributes to necessary knowledge in the field.
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| 11. |
- Godenhjelm, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Projectification in the public sector – the case of the European Union
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. - 1753-8378 .- 1753-8386. ; 8:2, s. 324-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish an understanding of what projectification means, how projectification is driven forward, as well as what the consequences of projectification are in an European Union (EU) context, and in the public sector in general.Design/methodology/approachThe research methods consist of a literature review as well as a meta-analysis of key EU policy documents related to the functioning of regional development and projects. The paper shows that structural developments brought forth by a projectification in a public sector context have significant consequences.FindingsWithout contextually sensitive interlinking mechanisms between temporary and permanent structures projects risk losing their flexible and innovative qualities, and may fragment the ability of permanent organisations for maintaining coordination and continuity. The findings suggests that the proximity of permanent organisations, the discretion of entrepreneurship, the political priority of the task, the inclusion of competencies and interests, and the quality of transfer mechanisms are essential variables in explaining the outcome of temporary organisations in a politico-administrative context.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper contributes to the literature on projects in a public sector context and suggests that comparative research on the drivers and consequences of public sector projectification in supranational as well as national contexts is needed.Practical implicationsThe increasing requirements for applied project management skills and methods as criteria for project selection in the public sector highlight the importance of a broader theoretical and practical understanding of projectification.Originality/valueThe paper adds a new dimension to the projectification debate by presenting a descriptive and conceptual discussion about the consequences of public sector projectification in an EU context. It complements an existing theory of the temporary organisation and takes the first steps towards a theory applicable to projectification in a public context.
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| 13. |
- Sjöblom, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Stabilization of lead in incineration fly ash by ageing and carbonatation in contact with moisture and air
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Substainable Development and Planning. - 1743-7601 .- 1743-761X. ; 11:5, s. 683-693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2016 WIT Press. Residues from incineration of waste vary considerably in quality not only depending on the composition of the waste and the incineration system, but also on the extent and duration of contact with moisture and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Lead has a rather varying abundance and an even more varying availability in ash as determined by leach tests. Fresh fly ash from Jönköping Energi AB has a relatively low content of lead in comparison with other similar ashes but a somewhat high leach rate in relation to the total amount. Thus, in determining the pertinent destinations for this ash, it is appropriate to assess the availability after prolonged contact with moisture and air. It was found that the leaching decreased by up to around three orders of magnitude after such conditioning, which will what take place in a landfill over time. The effect was confirmed by pilot tests. The paper also describes the ash chemistry and possible mechanisms for the stabilization. It is concluded that the stabilization can facilitate landfilling.
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| 14. |
- Sjöblom, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Vitrified Hillforts as Anthropogenic Analogues for Nuclear Waste Glasses – Project Planning and Initiation
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning. - 1743-7601 .- 1743-761X. ; 11:6, s. 897-906
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear waste must be deposited in such a manner that it does not cause significant impact on theenvironment or human health. In some cases, the integrity of the repositories will need to sustain fortens to hundreds of thousands of years. In order to ensure such containment, nuclear waste is frequentlyconverted into a very durable glass. It is fundamentally difficult, however, to assure the validity ofsuch containment based on short-term tests alone. To date, some anthropogenic and natural volcanicglasses have been investigated for this purpose. However, glasses produced by ancient cultures for thepurpose of joining rocks in stonewalls have not yet been utilised in spite of the fact that they might offersignificant insight into the long-term durability of glasses in natural environments. Therefore, a projectis being initiated with the scope of obtaining samples and characterising their environment, as well asto investigate them using a suite of advanced materials characterisation techniques. It will be analysedhow the hillfort glasses may have been prepared, and to what extent they have altered under in-situconditions. The ultimate goals are to obtain a better understanding of the alteration behaviour of nuclearwaste glasses and its compositional dependence, and thus to improve and validate models for nuclearwaste glass corrosion. The paper deals with project planning and initiation, and also presents some earlyfindings on fusion of amphibolite and on the process for joining the granite stones in the hillfort walls.
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