| 1. |
- Popat, S, et al.
(författare)
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Variation in the CTLA4/CD28 gene region confers an increased risk of coeliac disease.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Annals of human genetics. - 0003-4800 .- 1469-1809. ; 66:Pt 2, s. 125-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Susceptibility to coeliac disease involves HLA and non-HLA-linked genes. The CTLA4/CD28 gene region encodes immune regulatory T-cell surface molecules and is a strong candidate as a susceptibility locus. We evaluated CTLA4/CD28 in coeliac disease by genetic linkage and association and combined our findings with published studies through a meta-analysis. 116 multiplex families were genotyped across CTLA4/CD28 using eight markers. The contribution of CTLA4/CD28 to coeliac disease was assessed by non-parametric linkage and association analyses. Seven studies were identified that had evaluated the relationship between CTLA4/CD28 and coeliac disease and a pooled analysis of data undertaken. In our study there was evidence for a relationship between variation in the CTLA4/CD28 region and coeliac disease by linkage and association analyses. However, the findings did not attain formal statistical significance (p = 0.004 and 0.039, respectively). Pooling findings with published results showed significant evidence for linkage (504 families) and association (940 families): p values, 0.0001 and 0.0014 at D2S2214, respectively, and 0.0008 and 0.0006 at D2S116, respectively. These findings suggest that variation in the CD28/CTLA4 gene region is a determinant of coeliac disease susceptibility. Dissecting the sequence variation underlying this relationship will depend on further analyses utilising denser sets of markers.
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| 2. |
- Frisk, U., et al.
(författare)
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The Odin satellite - I. Radiometer design and test
- 2003
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 402:3, s. L27-L34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sub-millimetre and Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) is the main instrument on the Swedish, Canadian, Finnish and French spacecraft Odin. It consists of a 1.1 metre diameter telescope with four tuneable heterodyne receivers covering the ranges 486-504 GHz and 541-581 GHz, and one fixed at 118.75 GHz together with backends that provide spectral resolution from 150 kHz to 1 MHz. This Letter describes the Odin radiometer, its operation and performance with the data processing and calibration described in Paper II.
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| 12. |
- Gudbjornsdottir, B., et al.
(författare)
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The incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in meat, poultry and seafood plants in the Nordic countries
- 2004
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Ingår i: Food microbiology (Print). - 0740-0020 .- 1095-9998. ; 21:2, s. 217-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During 1998/1999 a total of 36 surveys were carried out in six meat, five seafood and two poultry processing plants. A total of 2522 samples, including processing lines and environment, personnel, raw materials and products (raw or ready-to-eat, RTE), were analysed for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes. The environmental and personnel samples were taken after cleaning and after the process had been running for 2 h. Samples of food products were taken after every important step during processing and samples of poultry carcasses were taken immediately after production and after storage for 21 days. The overall incidence of L. monocytogenes in meat processing plants varied from 0% to 15.1%, in poultry plants from 20.6% to 24.1% and in seafood plants from 5.9% to 22.1%. In raw products the average incidence was 15.6% for meat, 22.2% for poultry and 39.0% for seafood products. The heating steps during the production of RTE products eliminated Listeria. On average, 2.3% of RTE meat and 4.8% of RTE seafood products were recontaminated with L. monocytogenes. In the seafood sector almost all Listeria positive samples also included L. monocytogenes (91.1% of the positive samples), whereas in the meat and poultry sectors other Listeria species (mainly L. innocua) dominated. In most plants, the implemented cleaning procedures were insufficient to eliminate Listeria. The results clearly indicated the problematic sites, which in most plants were conveyer belts and other transporting equipment, floors and drains, but also raw material in the meat industry, cutting boards in the poultry industry and cooking equipment in the seafood industry. In order to solve the problems observed in this study, there is a need for close co-operation between the suppliers of equipment and cleaning agents, the staff of cleaning companies and hygiene specialists from the food industry. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
- Leander, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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CT and MR imaging of the liver. Clinical importance of nutritional status
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851. ; 41:2, s. 151-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: In an experimental study in rats a correlation between nutritional status and hepatic attenuation in CT and signal intensities in MR imaging was shown. Is physiological nutritional status of importance in clinical CT and MR imaging? MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a cross-over study including 12 healthy volunteers (6 women and 6 men, mean age 34 years), CT and MR imaging of the liver were performed with nutritional status at three different levels, i.e., normal, fasting and after glycogen-rich meals. CT and MR were performed on clinical imaging systems and hepatic attenuation and signal intensity, respectively, were assessed. In MR, T1-weighted, proton density-weighted and T2-weighted pulse-sequences were used. RESULTS: In CT there were significantly (p<0.01) higher liver attenuations in normal nutritional status and after glycogen rich-meals compared to the fasting condition. The difference between fasting and glycogen-rich meals were 10.5 HU for men, 7.4 for women and mean 8.8 HU for all 12 volunteers. In MR imaging the differences were small and non-significant. The results of this study are in accordance with an earlier experimental study in rats. CONCLUSION: In CT it may be of importance not to have patients in a fasting condition as it lowers the attenuation in normal liver tissue. The findings are important for planning of clinical studies where hepatic attenuation will be assessed and may be of some importance in clinical CT. In MR imaging the results indicate that the nutritional status is of less importance.
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| 15. |
- Leander, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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MR imaging following herniography in patients with unclear groin pain
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 10:11, s. 1691-1696
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the present study were to assess if MRI gives the same diagnostic information as herniography concerning the presence of hernias and reveals other causes of groin pain. The prospective study enrolled 20 patients referred for herniography, 6 women and 14 men, mean age 48 years. After herniography the patients underwent MRI using T1-weighted, fat-suppressed inversion recovery (STIR), and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography (MRCP) pulse sequences. No contrast medium was administered at MRI. Herniography revealed 11 hernias and MRI depicted 8 of these. Magnetic resonance imaging depicted well the anatomy in the groins. In 3 patients where hernias were not revealed, MRI revealed inflammatory changes in the symphysis region as a possible cause of groin pain. The primary diagnostic tool for diagnosing hernias is herniography. If the herniogram is normal, MRI may reveal other causes of groin pain and may also better visualize related structures in the groin.
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| 16. |
- Lindstrom, P, et al.
(författare)
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Enantioselective synthesis and absolute configurations of the enantiomers of o-carboranylalanine
- 2000
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Ingår i: TETRAHEDRON LETTERS. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0040-4039. ; 41:5, s. 751-754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report two new asymmetric syntheses of o-carboranylalanine, [3-(1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12)-1-yl)-2-aminopropanoic acid] (1), using the Fitzi-Seebach imidazolidinone and the Oppolzer-Lienard sultam procedure, respectively. Both methods gave high
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| 17. |
- Linhult, M., et al.
(författare)
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Improving the tolerance of a protein a analogue to repeated alkaline exposures using a bypass mutagenesis approach
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proteins. - : Wiley. - 0887-3585 .- 1097-0134. ; 55:2, s. 407-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Staphylococcal protein A (SPA) is a cell surface protein expressed by Staphylococcus aureus. It consists of five repetitive domains. The five SPA-domains show individual interaction to the Fc-fragment as well as certain Fab-fragments of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from most mammalian species. Due to the high affinity and selectivity of SPA, it has a widespread use as an affinity ligand for capture and purification of antibodies. One of the problems with proteinaceous affinity ligands in large-scale purification is their sensitivity to alkaline conditions. SPA however, is considered relatively stable to alkaline treatment. Nevertheless, it is desirable to further improve the stability in order to enable an SPA-based affinity medium to withstand even longer exposure to the harsh conditions associated with cleaning-in-place (CIP) procedures. For this purpose, a protein engineering strategy, which was used earlier for stabilization and consists of replacing the asparagine residues, is employed. Since Z in its nonengineered form already has a significant tolerance to alkaline treatment, small changes in stability due to the mutations are difficult to assess. Hence, in order to enable detection of improvements regarding the alkaline resistance of the Z domain, we chose to use a bypass mutagenesis strategy using a mutated variant Z(F30A) as a surrogate framework. Z(F30A) has earlier been shown to possess an affinity to IgG that is similar to the wild-type but also demonstrates decreased structural stability. Since the contribution of the different asparagine residues to the deactivation rate of a ligand is dependent on the environment and also the structural flexibility of the particular region, it is important to consider all sensitive amino acids one by one. The parental Z-domain contains eight asparagine residues, each with a different impact on the alkaline stability of the domain. By exchanging asparagine 23 for a threonine, we were able to increase the stability of the Z(F30A) domain in alkaline conditions. Also, when grafting the N23T mutation to the Z scaffold, we were able to detect an increased tolerance to alkaline treatment compared to the native Z molecule.
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| 18. |
- Moberg, E, et al.
(författare)
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No apparent suppression by insulin of in vivo skeletal muscle lipolysis in nonobese women
- 2002
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Ingår i: American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 283:2, s. E295-E301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the antilipolytic effect of insulin in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in vivo, the rates of glycerol release from the two tissues were compared in 10 nonobese women during a two-step euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Tissue interstitial glycerol levels were determined by microdialysis, and tissue blood flow was assessed with the 133Xe clearance technique. Absolute rates of glycerol release were estimated according to Fick's principle. In both adipose tissue and muscle, glycerol levels decreased significantly already during the low insulin infusion rate. The fractional release of glycerol (difference between interstitial glycerol and arterialized venous plasma glycerol) was reduced by more than one-half in adipose tissue ( P < 0.0001) in response to insulin, whereas it remained unaltered in skeletal muscle. Muscle blood flow rates increased by 60% ( P < 0.02) during insulin infusion; in adipose tissue, blood flow rates did not change significantly in response to insulin. The basal rate of glycerol release from skeletal muscle amounted to ∼15% of that from adipose tissue. After insulin infusion, the rate of adipose tissue glycerol release was markedly suppressed, whereas in skeletal muscle the rate of glycerol mobilization did not change significantly in response to insulin. It is concluded that insulin does not inhibit the rate of lipolysis in skeletal muscle of nonobese women.
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| 19. |
- Mzezewa, S, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective double blind randomized study comparing the need for blood transfusion with terlipressin or a placebo during early excision and grafting of burns
- 2004
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Ingår i: Burns. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4179. ; 30:3, s. 236-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Early excision and skin grafting has become the standard of good burn management, but it is associated with major blood loss. Aim: To determine the haemostatic effect of terlipressin compared with placebo. Material and methods: Fifty-one patients with bums of 10-20% total body surface area had early excision and split skin grafting of deep burns. The surface area of the bum wound and of the heated graft were measured by planimetry. The patients were randomly allocated to medication, either terlipressin or placebo. Blood loss and number of transfused units of blood were recorded. Results: Twenty-one patients received terlipressin, 13 received terlipressin late (cross-over) and 17 received placebo. Six out of 21 patients exposed to terlipressin were transfused with eleven units of packed red blood cells. Seven out of 13 patients crossed over from placebo to terlipressin (late terlipressin) were transfused with 17 units of blood. Eight out of 17 patients exposed to the placebo were transfused with 22 units of blood (P < 0.05). Graft healing was 1055 +/- 609 cm(2) out of 1452 +/- 1811 cm(2) in terlipressin and 914 +/- 633 cm(2) out of 1288 720 cm 2 in the placebo group (n.s.). Conclusion: Terlipressin reduced the need for blood transfusion by a factor of 2.5 compared to a placebo without impairment of graft healing.
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| 23. |
- Sjoberg, T, et al.
(författare)
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Immune response in burn patients in relation to HIV infection and sepsis
- 2004
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Ingår i: Burns. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4179. ; 30:7, s. 670-674
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The post-burn immune dysfunction predisposes patients to sepsis and multiple organ failure leading to increased mortality. HIV infection also results in a depressed immune response. The combination of burn injury and HIV might therefore lead to an increased morbidity and mortality as compared to non-HIV infected burn patients. Twenty burn patients and 10 healthy volunteers were included in a prospective study. To evaluate their immune status, CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts were determined in peripheral blood. HIV serology samples were obtained on admission. Bacteriological cultures were obtained from wound surface samples and wound tissue biopsies. Six burn patients were HIV infected. Clinical signs of sepsis were observed in 10 patients. The number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes were lower in burn patients compared to healthy volunteers (P < 0.05). HIV infected burn patients had lower CD4+ lymphocyte counts than non-HIV infected patients (P < 0.05). Patients with clinical signs of sepsis had lower CD4+ counts compared to patients without sepsis (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the mortality rate or the length of hospitalisation between patient groups. burn injury, HIV infection and sepsis independently result in immunosuppression. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
- Valeur, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Net sulphur mineralization in forest soils as influenced by different lime application rates
- 2002
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Ingår i: Soil Biology & Biochemistry. - 0038-0717. ; 34:9, s. 1291-1298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term effects of liming on net sulphur mineralization in coniferous forest 0 horizons were studied in three laboratory experiments by an open incubation technique, in which net sulphur mineralization was estimated from the accumulated SO42- leaching during the incubation period. Soil from two Swedish field experiments was used; Hasslov (56degrees24'N, 13degrees00'E) and Nordiden (64degrees21'N, 19degrees46E), which were limed 6-10 and 24 years before soil sampling with dolomite (CaMg(CO3)(2)) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3), respectively. The lime application of calcium carbonate. The net sulphur mineralization at Hasslov rates were 0, 0.16, 0.35 and 0.88 kg m(-2) of dolomite, and 0 and 0.5 kg m(-2) 7 years after liming, decreased with increasing lime application rate (5.20, 4.93, 4.53 and 3.36 mug S column(-1) day(-1)) while the soil respiration (CO2 release) increased in the two highest lime treatments. The observed inverse relationship between net sulphur mineralization (mineralization - immobilization) and soil respiration, the 0.16 kg m(-2) treatment being an exception, indicated an increase in sulphur immobilization at increasing lime application rates. The control (0) and 0.88 kg m(-2) treatments at Hasslov were studied both 6, 7 and 10 years after liming. An inverse relationship between net sulphur mineralization and soil respiration could be shown on all three occasions. The results obtained in the Norrliden experiment 24 years after liming were more ambiguous than those of the Hasslov experiment, but similar trends with respect to net sulphur mineralization and soil respiration could be traced during the latter part of the Norrliden experiment.
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