| 1. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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- 2015
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ahdida, C., et al.
(författare)
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Fast simulation of muons produced at the SHiP experiment using Generative Adversarial Networks
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1748-0221. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a fast approach to simulating muons produced in interactions of the SPS proton beams with the target of the SHiP experiment. The SHIP experiment will be able to search for new long-lived particles produced in a 400 GeV/c SPS proton beam dump and which travel distances between fifty metres and tens of kilometers. The SHiP detector needs to operate under ultra-low background conditions and requires large simulated samples of muon induced background processes. Through the use of Generative Adversarial Networks it is possible to emulate the simulation of the interaction of 400 GeV/c proton beams with the SHiP target, an otherwise computationally intensive process. For the simulation requirements of the SHiP experiment, generative networks are capable of approximating the full simulation of the dense fixed target, offering a speed increase by a factor of O(10(6)). To evaluate the performance of such an approach, comparisons of the distributions of reconstructed muon momenta in SHiP's spectrometer between samples using the full simulation and samples produced through generative models are presented. The methods discussed in this paper can be generalised and applied to modelling any non-discrete multi-dimensional distribution.
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| 7. |
- Ahdida, C., et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity of the SHiP experiment to Heavy Neutral Leptons
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNLs) are hypothetical particles predicted by many extensions of the Standard Model. These particles can, among other things, explain the origin of neutrino masses, generate the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe and provide a dark matter candidate. The SHiP experiment will be able to search for HNLs produced in decays of heavy mesons and travelling distances ranging between O(50 m) and tens of kilometers before decaying. We present the sensitivity of the SHiP experiment to a number of HNL's benchmark models and provide a way to calculate the SHiP's sensitivity to HNLs for arbitrary patterns of flavour mixings. The corresponding tools and data files are also made publicly available.
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| 8. |
- Ahdida, C., et al.
(författare)
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The experimental facility for the Search for Hidden Particles at the CERN SPS
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1748-0221. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) Collaboration has shown that the CERN SPS accelerator with its 400 GeV/c proton beam offers a unique opportunity to explore the Hidden Sector [1-3]. The proposed experiment is an intensity frontier experiment which is capable of searching for hidden particles through both visible decays and through scattering signatures from recoil of electrons or nuclei. The high-intensity experimental facility developed by the SHiP Collaboration is based on a number of key features and developments which provide the possibility of probing a large part of the parameter space for a wide range of models with light long-lived super-weakly interacting particles with masses up to O(10) GeV/c(2) in an environment of extremely clean background conditions. This paper describes the proposal for the experimental facility together with the most important feasibility studies. The paper focuses on the challenging new ideas behind the beam extraction and beam delivery, the proton beam dump, and the suppression of beam-induced background.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Scott, J., et al.
(författare)
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Prospective cohort study of early biosignatures of response to lithium in bipolar-I-disorders: overview of the H2020-funded R-LiNK initiative
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Bipolar Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2194-7511. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Lithium is recommended as a first line treatment for bipolar disorders. However, only 30% of patients show an optimal outcome and variability in lithium response and tolerability is poorly understood. It remains difficult for clinicians to reliably predict which patients will benefit without recourse to a lengthy treatment trial. Greater precision in the early identification of individuals who are likely to respond to lithium is a significant unmet clinical need. Structure The H2020-funded Response to Lithium Network (R-LiNK; ) will undertake a prospective cohort study of over 300 individuals with bipolar-I-disorder who have agreed to commence a trial of lithium treatment following a recommendation by their treating clinician. The study aims to examine the early prediction of lithium response, non-response and tolerability by combining systematic clinical syndrome subtyping with examination of multi-modal biomarkers (or biosignatures), including omics, neuroimaging, and actigraphy, etc. Individuals will be followed up for 24 months and an independent panel will assess and classify each participants' response to lithium according to predefined criteria that consider evidence of relapse, recurrence, remission, changes in illness activity or treatment failure (e.g. stopping lithium; new prescriptions of other mood stabilizers) and exposure to lithium. Novel elements of this study include the recruitment of a large, multinational, clinically representative sample specifically for the purpose of studying candidate biomarkers and biosignatures; the application of lithium-7 magnetic resonance imaging to explore the distribution of lithium in the brain; development of a digital phenotype (using actigraphy and ecological momentary assessment) to monitor daily variability in symptoms; and economic modelling of the cost-effectiveness of introducing biomarker tests for the customisation of lithium treatment into clinical practice. Also, study participants with sub-optimal medication adherence will be offered brief interventions (which can be delivered via a clinician or smartphone app) to enhance treatment engagement and to minimize confounding of lithium non-response with non-adherence. Conclusions The paper outlines the rationale, design and methodology of the first study being undertaken by the newly established R-LiNK collaboration and describes how the project may help to refine the clinical response phenotype and could translate into the personalization of lithium treatment.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Cerutti, P. O., et al.
(författare)
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The socioeconomic and environmental impacts of wood energy value chains in Sub-Saharan Africa : A systematic map protocol
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The vast majority of households in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) depend on wood energy - comprising firewood and charcoal - for their daily energetic needs. Such consumption trends are expected to remain a common feature of SSA's wood energy production and supply chains, at least in the short- to medium-terms. Notwithstanding its importance, wood energy generally has low priority in SSA national policies. However, the use of wood energy is often considered a key driver of unsustainable management and negative environmental consequences in the humid and dry forests. To date, unsystematic assessments of the socio-economic and environmental consequences of wood energy use have underplayed its significance, thus further hampering policy debates. Therefore, a more balanced approach which considers both demand and supply dynamics is needed. This systematic map aims at providing a comprehensive approach to understanding the role and impacts of wood energy across all regions and aspects in SSA. Methods: The objective of this systematic map is to collate evidence from studies of environmental and socio-economic impacts of wood energy value chains, by considering both demand and supply within SSA. The map questions are framed using a Populations, Exposure, Comparators and Outcomes (PECO) approach. We name the supply and demand of wood energy as the "exposure," composed of wood energy production, harvesting, processing, and consumption. The populations of interest include both the actors involved in these activities and the forest sites where these activities occur. The comparator is defined as those cases where the same wood energy activities occur with i) available/accessible alternative energy sources, ii) regulatory frameworks that govern the sector and iii) alternative technologies for efficient use. The outcomes of interest encompass both socioeconomic and environmental impacts that can affect more than the populations named above. For instance, in addition to the direct socioeconomic impacts felt by participants in the wood energy value chain, forest dwellers may experience livelihood changes due to forest degradation caused by external harvesters. Moreover, intensified deforestation in one area may concurrently lead to forest regeneration in another.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Min, M, et al.
(författare)
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Silent lesions on MRI imaging - Shifting goal posts for treatment decisions in multiple sclerosis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0970 .- 1352-4585. ; 24:12, s. 1569-1577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current best practice suggests yearly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor treatment response in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Objective: To evaluate the current practice of clinicians changing MS treatment based on subclinical new MRI lesions alone. Methods: Using MSBase, an international MS patient registry with MRI data, we analysed the probability of treatment change among patients with clinically silent new MRI lesions. Results: A total of 8311 MRI brain scans of 4232 patients were identified. Around 26.9% (336/1247) MRIs with one new T2 lesion were followed by disease-modifying therapy (DMT) change, increasing to 50.2% (129/257) with six new T2 lesions. DMT change was twice as likely with new T1 contrast enhancing compared to new T2 lesions odds ratio (OR): 2.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.00–2.96 vs OR: 1.26 (95% CI: 1.22–1.29). DMT change with new MRI lesions occurred most frequently with ‘injectable’ DMTs. The probability of switching therapy was greater only after high-efficacy therapies became available in 2007 (after, OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.28–1.59 vs before, OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.520–1.88). Conclusion: MS clinicians rely increasingly on MRI alone in their treatment decisions, utilizing low thresholds (1 new T2 lesion) for optimizing MS therapy. This signals a shift towards no evidence of disease activity (NEDA)-3 since high-efficacy therapies became available.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Bender, M, et al.
(författare)
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Microtubule sliding drives proplatelet elongation and is dependent on cytoplasmic dynein
- 2015
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 125:5, s. 860-868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dynein-dependent microtubule sliding drives proplatelet elongation under static and physiological shear stress conditions. Proplatelet formation is a process that can be divided into repetitive phases: extension, pause, and retraction.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Aguado, J, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of DNA damage response at telomeres improves the detrimental phenotypes of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 4990-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a genetic disorder characterized by premature aging features. Cells from HGPS patients express progerin, a truncated form of Lamin A, which perturbs cellular homeostasis leading to nuclear shape alterations, genome instability, heterochromatin loss, telomere dysfunction and premature entry into cellular senescence. Recently, we reported that telomere dysfunction induces the transcription of telomeric non-coding RNAs (tncRNAs) which control the DNA damage response (DDR) at dysfunctional telomeres. Here we show that progerin-induced telomere dysfunction induces the transcription of tncRNAs. Their functional inhibition by sequence-specific telomeric antisense oligonucleotides (tASOs) prevents full DDR activation and premature cellular senescence in various HGPS cell systems, including HGPS patient fibroblasts. We also show in vivo that tASO treatment significantly enhances skin homeostasis and lifespan in a transgenic HGPS mouse model. In summary, our results demonstrate an important role for telomeric DDR activation in HGPS progeroid detrimental phenotypes in vitro and in vivo.
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| 25. |
- Ayub, Rabia, et al.
(författare)
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Can Baird's and Clar's Rules Combined Explain Triplet State Energies of Polycyclic Conjugated Hydrocarbons with Fused 4nπ- and (4n + 2)π-Rings?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society. - 0022-3263 .- 1520-6904. ; 82:12, s. 6327-6340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compounds that can be labeled as "aromatic chameleons" are π-conjugated compounds that are able to adjust their π-electron distributions so as to comply with the different rules of aromaticity in different electronic states. We used quantum chemical calculations to explore how the fusion of benzene rings onto aromatic chameleonic units represented by biphenylene, dibenzocyclooctatetraene, and dibenzo[a,e]pentalene modifies the first triplet excited states (T1) of the compounds. Decreases in T1 energies are observed when going from isomers with linear connectivity of the fused benzene rings to those with cis- or trans-bent connectivities. The T1 energies decreased down to those of the parent (isolated) 4nπ-electron units. Simultaneously, we observe an increased influence of triplet state aromaticity of the central 4n ring as given by Baird's rule and evidenced by geometric, magnetic, and electron density based aromaticity indices (HOMA, NICS-XY, ACID, and FLU). Because of an influence of triplet state aromaticity in the central 4nπ-electron units, the most stabilized compounds retain the triplet excitation in Baird π-quartets or octets, enabling the outer benzene rings to adapt closed-shell singlet Clar π-sextet character. Interestingly, the T1 energies go down as the total number of aromatic cycles within a molecule in the T1 state increases.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Cakir, B., et al.
(författare)
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Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe retinopathy of prematurity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Jci Insight. - : American Society for Clinical Investigation. - 2379-3708. ; 3:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is characterized by abnormal retinal neovascularization in response to vessel loss. Platelets regulate angiogenesis and may influence ROP progression. In preterm infants, we assessed ROP and correlated with longitudinal postnatal platelet counts (n = 202). Any episode of thrombocytopenia (< 100 x 10(9)/l) at >= 30 weeks postmenstrual age (at onset of ROP) was independently associated with severe ROP, requiring treatment. Infants with severe ROP also had a lower weekly median platelet count compared with infants with less severe ROP. In a mouse oxygen-induced retinopathy model of ROP, platelet counts were lower at P17 (peak neovascularization) versus controls. Platelet transfusions at P15 and P16 suppressed neovascularization, and platelet depletion increased neovascularization. Platelet transfusion decreased retinal of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) mRNA and protein expression; platelet depletion increased retinal VEGFA mRNA and protein expression. Resting platelets with intact granules reduced neovascularization, while thrombin-activated degranulated platelets did not. These data suggest that platelet releasate has a local antiangiogenic effect on endothelial cells to exert a downstream suppression of VEGFA in neural retina. Low platelet counts during the neovascularization phase in ROP is significantly associated with the development of severe ROP in preterm infants. In a murine model of retinopathy, platelet transfusion during the period of neovascularization suppressed retinopathy.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Holgado, W., et al.
(författare)
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Generation of XUV supercontinua through control of attosecond pulse interferences
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings 2015 European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics - European Quantum Electronics Conference, CLEO/Europe-EQEC 2015. - 9781467374750
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The generation of XUV supercontinua is of high interest for different applications in that region of the spectrum, such as spectral interferometry and spectroscopy. In high-order harmonic generation (HHG) supercontinua are usually obtained only when a single attosecond pulse is produced, but this implies gating techniques or sub-3-fs IR driving pulses. In this work we demonstrate a new approach for tailoring supercontinuum spectra by exploiting the microscopic and macroscopic properties of HHG.
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| 31. |
- Holgado, W., et al.
(författare)
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Tunable high-harmonic generation by chromatic focusing of few-cycle laser pulses
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review A. - 2469-9926. ; 95:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we study the impact of chromatic focusing of few-cycle laser pulses on high-order-harmonic generation (HHG) through analysis of the emitted extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation. Chromatic focusing is usually avoided in the few-cycle regime, as the pulse spatiotemporal structure may be highly distorted by the spatiotemporal aberrations. Here, however, we demonstrate it as an additional control parameter to modify the generated XUV radiation. We present experiments where few-cycle pulses are focused by a singlet lens in a Kr gas jet. The chromatic distribution of focal lengths allows us to tune HHG spectra by changing the relative singlet-target distance. Interestingly, we also show that the degree of chromatic aberration needed for this control does not degrade substantially the harmonic conversion efficiency, still allowing for the generation of supercontinua with the chirped-pulse scheme, demonstrated previously for achromatic focusing. We back up our experiments with theoretical simulations reproducing the experimental HHG results depending on diverse parameters (input pulse spectral phase, pulse duration, and focus position) and proving that, under the considered parameters, the attosecond pulse train remains very similar to the achromatic case, even showing cases of isolated attosecond pulse generation for near-single-cycle driving pulses.
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| 32. |
- Jorner, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of a Compound Class with Triplet States Stabilized by Potentially Baird Aromatic [10]Annulenyl Dicationic Rings
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 22:8, s. 2793-2800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The low-lying triplet state of a recently published compound (TMTQ) was analyzed quantum chemically in light of suggestions that it is influenced by Baird aromaticity. Two mesomeric structures describe this state: 1) a zwitterionic Baird aromatic structure with a triplet diradical 8π-electron methano[10]annulene (M10A) dicationic ring and 2) a Hückel aromatic with a neutral closed-shell 10π-electron ring. According to charge and spin density distributions, the Hückel aromatic structure dominates the triplet state (the Baird aromatic contributes at most 12 %), and separation of the aromatic fluctuation index (FLU) into α and β electron contributions emphasizes this finding. The small singlet-triplet energy gap is due to Hückel aromaticity of the M10A ring, clarified by comparison to the smaller analogues of TMTQ. Yet, TMTQ and its analogues are Hückel-Baird hybrids allowing for tuning between closed-shell 4n+2 Hückel aromaticity and open-shell 4n Baird aromaticity.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Nordsletten, AE, et al.
(författare)
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A transcultural study of hoarding disorder: Insights from the United Kingdom, Spain, Japan, and Brazil
- 2018
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Ingår i: Transcultural psychiatry. - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-7471 .- 1363-4615. ; 55:2, s. 261-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Though problematic hoarding is believed to be a universal human behavior, investigations of clinically-defined hoarding disorder (HD) have been confined almost exclusively to Western countries. The current investigation sought to describe and directly compare the features of individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for HD across four distinct cultural settings. Participants were 82 individuals meeting DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for HD, recruited and assessed by trained clinicians at one of four project sites: London, Barcelona, Fukuoka, and Rio de Janeiro. A series of semi-structured interviews and self-report scales were administered, including assessments of socio-demographic characteristics, psychiatric comorbidity, and severity of hoarding and related features. Results indicate that the severity and core features of HD, as well as the cognitions and behaviors commonly associated with this condition, are largely stable across cultures. However, some differences in patient demographics—in particular age, marital status, and clinical expression—as well as comorbid psychiatric features also emerged. These findings confirm that HD, as defined in DSM-5, exists and presents with similar phenomenology across the studied cultures. Future, more fine-grained, research will be needed to study the features of the disorder in additional cultures (e.g., non-industrialized nations) and to evaluate the impact of these cultural aspects on the design of interventions for the disorder.
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| 35. |
- Pascal, Mathilde M.V., et al.
(författare)
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DOLORisk : Study protocol for a multi-centre observational study to understand the risk factors and determinants of neuropathic pain [version 2; referees: 2 approved]
- 2019
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Ingår i: Wellcome Open Research. - : F1000 Research Ltd. - 2398-502X. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neuropathic pain is an increasingly prevalent condition and has a major impact on health and quality of life. However, the risk factors for the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain are poorly understood. Clinical, genetic and psychosocial factors all contribute to chronic pain, but their interactions have not been studied in large cohorts. The DOLORisk study aims to study these factors. Protocol: Multicentre cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts covering the main causes leading to neuropathic pain (e.g. diabetes, surgery, chemotherapy, traumatic injury), as well as rare conditions, follow a common protocol for phenotyping of the participants. This core protocol correlates answers given by the participants on a set of questionnaires with the results of protocol for phenotyping of the participants. This core protocol correlates answers given by the participants on a set of questionnaires with the results of their genetic analyses. A smaller number of participants undergo deeper phenotyping procedures, including neurological examination, nerve conduction studies, threshold tracking, quantitative sensory testing, conditioned pain modulation and electroencephalography. Ethics and dissemination: All studies have been approved by their regional ethics committees as required by national law. Results are disseminated through the DOLORisk website, scientific meetings, open-access publications, and in partnership with patient organisations. Strengths and limitations: • Large cohorts covering many possible triggers for neuropathic pain • Multi-disciplinary approach to study the interaction of clinical, psychosocial and genetic risk factors • High comparability of the data across centres thanks to harmonised protocols • One limitation is that the length of the questionnaires might reduce the response rate and quality of responses of participants.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Proenza, J. A., et al.
(författare)
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Cold plumes trigger contamination of oceanic mantle wedges with continental crust-derived sediments: Evidence from chromitite zircon grains of eastern Cuban ophiolites
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geoscience Frontiers. - : Elsevier. - 1674-9871. ; 9:6, s. 1921-1936
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The origin of zircon grains, and other exotic minerals of typical crustal origin, in mantle-hosted ophiolitic chromitites are hotly debated. We report a population of zircon grains with ages ranging from Cretaceous (99 Ma) to Neoarchean (2750 Ma), separated from massive chromitite bodies hosted in the mantle section of the supra-subduction (SSZ)-type Mayarí-Baracoa Ophiolitic Belt in eastern Cuba. Most analyzed zircon grains (n = 20, 287 ± 3 Ma to 2750 ± 60 Ma) are older than the early Cretaceous age of the ophiolite body, show negative εHf(t) (−26 to −0.6) and occasional inclusions of quartz, K-feldspar, biotite, and apatite that indicate derivation from a granitic continental crust. In contrast, 5 mainly rounded zircon grains (297 ± 5 Ma to 2126 ± 27 Ma) show positive εHf(t) (+0.7 to +13.5) and occasional apatite inclusions, suggesting their possible crystallization from melts derived from juvenile (mantle) sources. Interestingly, younger zircon grains are mainly euhedral to subhedral crystals, whereas older zircon grains are predominantly rounded grains. A comparison of the ages and Hf isotopic compositions of the zircon grains with those of nearby exposed crustal terranes suggest that chromitite zircon grains are similar to those reported from terranes of Mexico and northern South America. Hence, chromitite zircon grains are interpreted as sedimentary-derived xenocrystic grains that were delivered into the mantle wedge beneath the Greater Antilles intra-oceanic volcanic arc by metasomatic fluids/melts during subduction processes. Thus, continental crust recycling by subduction could explain all populations of old xenocrystic zircon in Cretaceous mantle-hosted chromitites from eastern Cuba ophiolite. We integrate the results of this study with petrological-thermomechanical modeling and existing geodynamic models to propose that ancient zircon xenocrysts, with a wide spectrum of ages and Hf isotopic compositions, can be transferred to the mantle wedge above subducting slabs by cold plumes.
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| 38. |
- Revechon, G, et al.
(författare)
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Rare progerin-expressing preadipocytes and adipocytes contribute to tissue depletion over time
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1, s. 4405-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accumulation of progerin is believed to underlie the pathophysiology of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, a disease characterized by clinical features suggestive of premature aging, including loss of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). Although progerin has been found in cells and tissues from apparently healthy individuals, its significance has been debated given its low expression levels and rare occurrence. Here we demonstrate that sustained progerin expression in a small fraction of preadipocytes and adipocytes of mouse sWAT (between 4.4% and 6.7% of the sWAT cells) results in significant tissue pathology over time, including fibrosis and lipoatrophy. Analysis of sWAT from mice of various ages showed senescence, persistent DNA damage and cell death that preceded macrophage infiltration, and systemic inflammation. Our findings suggest that continuous progerin expression in a small cell fraction of a tissue contributes to aging-associated diseases, the adipose tissue being particularly sensitive.
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| 39. |
- Ruiz-Sola, M Águila, et al.
(författare)
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A Toolkit for the Characterization of the Photoprotective Capacity of Green Algae.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Methods in Molecular Biology. - New York, NY : Springer US. - 1064-3745 .- 1940-6029. ; 1829, s. 315-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While light is a crucial energy source in photosynthetic organisms, if its intensity exceeds their photosynthetic capacity it may cause light-induced damage. A dominant photoprotective mechanism in plants and algae is the qE (quenching of energy), the major component of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). qE is a process that dissipates absorbed excitation energy as heat, ensuring cell survival even under adverse conditions. The present protocol gathers together a set of experimental approaches (in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence, western blotting, growth and cellular chlorophyll content at very strong light) that collectively allow for the characterization of the qE capacity of the model green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Zimmer, CL, et al.
(författare)
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NK cells are activated and primed for skin-homing during acute dengue virus infection in humans
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 3897-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite animal models showing that natural killer (NK) cells are important players in the early defense against many viral infections, the NK cell response is poorly understood in humans. Here we analyze the phenotype, temporal dynamics, regulation and trafficking of NK cells in a patient cohort with acute dengue virus infection. NK cells are robustly activated and proliferate during the first week after symptom debut. Increased IL-18 levels in plasma and in induced skin blisters of DENV-infected patients, as well as concomitant signaling downstream of the IL-18R, suggests an IL-18-dependent mechanism in driving the proliferative NK cell response. Responding NK cells have a less mature phenotype and a distinct chemokine-receptor imprint indicative of skin-homing. A corresponding NK cell subset can be localized to skin early during acute infection. These data provide evidence of an IL-18-driven NK cell proliferation and priming for skin-homing during an acute viral infection in humans.
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