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- Blomqvist, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
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Om ordbildning och ordbildningar
- 1996
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Ingår i: Hvad tales her om? 46 artikler om græsk-romersk kultur. Festskrift till Johnny Christensen i anledning af hans afsked som professor ved Københavns Universitet. - 8772894156 ; , s. 11-26
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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- Kronstrand, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Codeine Concentration in Hair after Oral Administration Is Dependent on Melanin Content
- 1999
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 45:9, s. 1485-1494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Analysis of drugs in hair has been used on a qualitative basis to estimate earlier exposure to drugs. Clinical applications are rare because of the lack of dose–response relationships in the studies performed to date, and questions remain regarding the mechanisms of drug incorporation into hair. Several human studies have shown differences in drug accumulation between pigmented and nonpigmented hair. However, the melanin concentration in hair was not determined and correlated to the amount of drug incorporated.Methods: Nine human subjects were given codeine as a single oral dose, and plasma codeine concentrations were determined for 24 h, using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Hair samples were obtained weekly for a month. Total melanin, eumelanin, and codeine were measured quantitatively in hair samples by spectrophotometry, HPLC, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively.Results: There was an exponential relationship between codeine and melanin concentrations in hair, (r2 = 0.95 with total melanin and r2 = 0.83 with eumelanin). After normalizing the results by the area under the curve for codeine in plasma, we obtained r2 = 0.86 for codeine vs total melanin and r2 = 0.90 vs eumelanin.Conclusions: Our results stress the importance of melanin determination when measuring drugs in hair. We postulate that analysis of drug concentration in hair may be worthwhile in the monitoring of drug compliance if the results are normalized for melanin content.
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- Leary, Sophie E. C., et al.
(författare)
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Yersinia outer proteins (YOPS) E, K and N are antigenic but non-protective compared to V antigen, in a murine model of bubonic plague
- 1999
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Ingår i: Microbial Pathogenesis. - : Elsevier. - 0882-4010 .- 1096-1208. ; 26:3, s. 159-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pathogenic Yersiniae produce a range of virulence proteins, encoded by a 70 kb plasmid, which are essential for infection, and also form part of a contact-dependent virulence mechanism. One of these proteins, V antigen, has been shown to confer a high level of protection against parenteral infection with Y. pestis in murine models, and is considered to be a protective antigen. In this study, the protective efficacy of V antigen has been compared in the same model with that of other proteins (YopE, YopK and YopN), which are part of the contact-dependent virulence mechanism. Mice immunised with two intraperitoneal doses of V antigen or each of the Yops, administered with either Alhydrogel or interleukin-12, produced high antigen-specific serum IgG titres. As shown in previous studies, V+Alhydrogel was fully protective, and 5/5 mice survived a subcutaneous challenge with 90 or 9x10(3) LD50's of Y. pestis GB. In addition, these preliminary studies also showed that V+IL-12 was partially protective: 4/5 or 3/5 mice survived a challenge with 90 or 9x10(3) LD50's, respectively. In contrast, none of the mice immunised with the Yops survived the challenges, and there was no significant delay in the mean time to death compared to mice receiving a control protein. These results show that using two different vaccine regimens, Yops E, K and N, failed to elicit protective immune responses in a murine model of plague, whereas under the same conditions, V antigen was fully or partially protective.
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- Pettersson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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The V-antigen of Yersinia is surface exposed before target cell contact and involved in virulence protein translocation :
- 1999
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Ingår i: Molecular Microbiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0950-382X .- 1365-2958. ; 32:5, s. 961-976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type III-mediated translocation of Yop effectors is an essential virulence mechanism of pathogenic Yersinia. LcrV is the only protein secreted by the type III secretion system that induces protective immunity. LcrV also plays a significant role in the regulation of Yop expression and secretion. The role of LcrV in the virulence process has, however, remained elusive on account of its pleiotropic effects. Here, we show that anti-LcrV antibodies can block the delivery of Yop effectors into the target cell cytosol. This argues strongly for a critical role of LcrV in the Yop translocation process. Additional evidence supporting this role was obtained by genetic analysis. LcrV was found to be present on the bacterial surface before the establishment of bacteria target cell contact. These findings suggest that LcrV serves an important role in the initiation of the translocation process and provides one possible explanation for the mechanism of LcrV-induced protective immunity.
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- Tottie, Sophie
(författare)
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Se hur det känns
- 1996
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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