| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Bjerke, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Onset of the degradation of CVD alpha-Al2O3 coating during turning of Ca-treated steels
- 2021
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Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to control the shape, distribution and composition of non-metallic inclusions has had an important impact on many aspects of steel making. One such impact is on the machinability. Ca-treatments have shown to be able to reduce the abrasiveness of oxide inclusions, improve chip-breaking and lead to formation of deposits that reduce tool wear. However, machining Ca-treated steels with Al2O3 coated cemented carbide tools has not been as advantageous as expected. This study investigates the mechanisms behind the anomalous wear of Al2O3 coatings when turning soft Ca-treated steels. Longitudinal turning tests at a range of speeds (vc = 100-600 m/min) show rapid localized degradation of the Al2O3 coating limited to the sliding zone. Detailed analysis of the degradation mechanisms was performed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results demonstrate a presence of chemical interactions between the alumina coating and non-metallic inclusions. The interaction resulted in the formation of mainly calcium aluminates and partly alumina-magnesia spinel. In-operando infrared thermography measurements indicate cutting temperatures of 850-1000 degrees C. Thermodynamic calculations give that CaO and MgO readily reacts with Al2O3, while the reaction with CaS requires presence of additional oxygen at these cutting conditions. Additional turning experiments investigate the influence of oxygen by controlling the cutting environment by adding oxygen (compressed air) or removing oxygen (supply argon). These additional tests show that the presence of additional oxygen has a limited impact on the possible Ca-Al2O3 interaction. This demonstrat a potential for further machinability improvements by controlling the chemical interaction between Ca and Mg based non-metallic inclusions and alumina coatings.
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| 3. |
- Ekedahl, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Low-grade inflammation in survivors of childhood cancer and testicular cancer and its association with hypogonadism and metabolic risk factors
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 22, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In childhood (CCS) and testicular cancer (TCS) survivors, low-grade inflammation may represent a link between testosterone deficiency (hypogonadism) and risk of metabolic syndrome. We aimed to study levels of inflammatory markers in CCS and TCS and the association with hypogonadism and future cardio-metabolic risk factors.METHODS: Serum levels of inflammatory markers and testosterone were analyzed in CCS (n = 90), and TCS (n = 64, median time from diagnosis: 20 and 2.0 years, respectively), and in controls (n = 44). Differences in levels between patients and controls were calculated using univariate analysis of variance. T-test and logistic regression were applied to compare levels of cardio-metabolic risk factors and odds ratio (OR) of hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome in low and high inflammatory marker groups after 4-12 years of follow up. Adjustment for age, smoking, and active cancer was made.RESULTS: TCS and CCS, as compared to controls, had 1.44 (95%CI 1.06-1.96) and 1.25 (95 CI 1.02-1.53) times higher levels of IL-8, respectively. High IL-6 levels were associated with hypogonadism at baseline (OR 2.83, 95%CI 1.25-6.43) and the association was stronger for high IL-6 combined with low IL-10 levels (OR 3.10, 95%CI 1.37-7.01). High IL-6 levels were also associated with higher BMI, waist circumference, insulin, and HbA1c at follow up. High TNF-α was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure. No individual inflammatory marker was significantly associated with risk of metabolic syndrome at follow up. High IL-6 combined with low IL-10 levels were associated with risk of metabolic syndrome (OR 3.83, 95%CI 1.07-13.75), however not statistically significantly after adjustment.CONCLUSION: TCS and CCS present with low-grade inflammation. High IL-6 levels were associated with hypogonadism and cardio-metabolic risk factors. Low IL-10 levels might reinforce the IL-6 mediated risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
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| 4. |
- Leach, Maddie, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Fountains Failures Futures: The afterlives of public art
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fountains Failures Futures: The afterlives of public art. - Lund : Skissernas Museum - Museum of Artistic Process and Public Art.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research and discussion about public art frequently focuses on conditions of emergence and production for public works. Fountains Failures Futures starts at the other end – thinking about the afterlives of public art in relation to processes of decline, decay, acts of reparation and re-imagination, transformation, and change. We are interested in questions of sustainability,custodianship, and whether “failed” public artworks can be revitalised and thought anew. What are the implications for their authorship and ownership, and what challenges does this present for commissioners, artists, architects, and urban planners?How can producers, owners and custodians of public artworks, and the communities living with these works, anticipate and accommodate complex afterlives of public art?
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| 5. |
- Linde, Peter, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Otakt 2006 - 2009 : I otakt bland toner och ord på internet
- 2021
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Otakt.se startades tidigt 2006. Sajten var en tummelplats för fem griniga gubbar som ville ha möjligheten att fritt tycka om gammal och ny musik.Tanken var att skriva CD recensioner inom de musikaliska genrer som intresserade oss: pop, rock, soul, blues, visa, jazz, hårdrock, grunge, indie, emo, country, lo-fi, americana, metal och världsmusik.Förutom recensioner fanns det gott om plats för olika listor (årets bästa... etc.) och texter som (kanske) hade något med musik att göra. Allt gjordes av lust, och bara sådant vi själva ville skriva om dök upp på sajten.2009 tog lusten slut och vi avvecklade otakt.se men nu drygt tio år senare vill vi ändå göra texterna åtkomliga dels av nostalgiska skäl och för att vi tror att läsare och musikälskare fortfarande kan hitta inspel här som kan leda till spännande musikaliska möten men kanske framför allt för att hedra Björn Mogreen, som var den drivande i projektet och som la ifrån sig pennan och slutade att lyssna på musik våren 2021. Han var en sann otaktsbroder och vi saknar honom mycket.
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| 6. |
- Lindvall, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
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Performance and wear mechanisms of PCD and pcBN cutting tools during machining titanium alloy Ti6Al4V
- 2020
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Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1648. ; 454-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need for increased productivity in difficult-to-machine titanium alloys has pushed manufacturers to examine the potential of ultrahard cutting tool materials such as polycrystalline diamond and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride as alternative solutions to conventional cemented carbide tools. This study examines the performance of such advanced tool materials in high speed finishing machining of Ti6Al4V, with attained PCD superiority compared to pcBN. Wear mechanisms are experimentally investigated based on in-depth microscopic analyses using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Main wear morphologies were flank wear and cratering in both tool materials. Flank fracture caused by micro-cracking was an additional deterioration mechanism of pcBN tooling. Diamond burn-out, likely in combination with graphitization of diamond, was causing channel like wear morphology. The PCD wear mechanism was diffusion dissolution of carbon in Ti6Al4V. (Ti,V)C diffusional barrier or Tool Protection Layer (TPL) was formed due to reaction of workpiece and tool materials in presence of cobalt. Controlled grain size and increased cobalt content resulted in higher performance as protective caps of (Ti,V)C merged to form a continuous TPL. Similarly for pcBN, (Ti,V)B2 and (Ti,V,Cr)B2 reaction products acted as TPLs which reduced the tool deterioration rate.
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| 7. |
- Olsson, Mike, et al.
(författare)
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Study of wear mechanisms of cemented carbide tools during machining of single-phase niobium
- 2020
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Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 450-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In particle accelerator facilities, single-phase niobium is used in superconducting accelerator components. Machining induced surface quality of such components is strongly connected to the functionality of accelerators. In this study, tool wear development and its influence on the surface quality of Nb workpiece have been investigated in longitudinal turning. Uncoated cemented carbide cutting tools were used under finishing conditions (cutting speed vc = 300 m/min and feed f = 0.05 mm/rev) up to the wear criterion of VBmax = 300 μm. A detailed analysis of wear mechanisms of the cutting tool was conducted with help of high resolution electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Further, the results obtained were correlated with controlled diffusion couples experiments under high pressure – high temperature conditions (2 GPa and 1000 °C). Diffusion of carbon from WC and formation of NbC was found to occur on the niobium – cemented carbide interface. Electron microscopy of the worn tools reports identical mechanisms of diffusion and chemical interaction which lead to rapid flank wear, yet formation of NbC on the rake completely inhibits tool degradation and thus acts as tool protection layer.
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| 8. |
- Persson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Characterizing Uncertainty in Forest Remote Sensing Studies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-4292. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This discussion paper addresses (1) the challenge of concisely reporting uncertainties in forest remote sensing (RS) studies, primarily conducted at plot and stand level, and (2) the influence of reference data errors and how corrections for such errors can be made. Different common ways of reporting uncertainties are discussed, and a parametric error model is proposed as a core part of a comprehensive approach for reporting uncertainties (compared to, e.g., conventional reporting of root mean square error (RMSE)). The importance of handling reference data errors is currently increasing since estimates derived from RS data are becoming increasingly accurate; in extreme cases the accuracies of RS- and field-based estimates are of equal magnitude and there is a risk that reported RS accuracies are severely misjudged due to inclusion of errors from the field reference data. Novel methods for correcting for some types of reference data errors are proposed, both for the conventional RMSE uncertainty metric and for the case when a parametric error model is applied. The theoretical framework proposed in this paper is demonstrated using real data from a typical RS study where airborne laser scanning and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data are applied for estimating biomass at the level of forest stands. With the proposed correction method, the RMSE for the RS-based estimates from laser scanning was reduced from 50.5 to 49.5 tons/ha when errors in the field references were properly accounted for. The RMSE for the estimates from SAR data was reduced from 28.5 to 26.1 tons/ha.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Persson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Performance and wear mechanisms of different PcBN tools when machining superalloy AD730
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-8842. ; 48:16, s. 22733-22742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nickel-based superalloys are known to be difficult to machine. These alloys are generally machined with cemented carbide tools under low productivity process conditions. Superhard polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PcBN) tooling offers the possibility of increased production rates, however, a thorough understanding of the material performance and degradation is required before a transition from carbide tools occurs. This study investigated the performance and wear mechanism of three different PcBN tools with low (50 vol. %), medium (65 vol. %), and high (90 vol. %) cBN content, when turning AD730, a new Ni–Co-based superalloy. Due to the novelty of the material, little research has been done on its machinability with carbide and even less with PcBN tooling. The results showed the high-cBN grade was the best performer in terms of machining time. However, an undesirable wear morphology is generated, leading to excessively high cutting forces. Both the medium-cBN and low-cBN showed promise with stable rake and flank wear, but with notching as a drawback. Degradation analysis of medium-cBN grade revealed diffusional dissolution of cBN and formation of a reaction layer atop the cBN grains. The reaction layer, which acts as a diffusional barrier, consisted of three sub-layers: (1) Al2O3, (2) (Ti, Nb, Zr)N, and (3) (Ti, Cr, Nb, Zr)N. The low-cBN grade also showed a reaction layer; however, the smaller cBN grain size of this grade did not allow the layer to sufficiently stabilize.
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| 11. |
- Persson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Quantify and account for field reference errors in forest remote sensing studies
- 2022
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing of Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0034-4257 .- 1879-0704. ; 283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Field inventoried data are often used as references (ground truth) in forest remote sensing studies. However, the reference values are affected by various kinds of errors, which tend to make the reported accuracies of the remote sensing-based predictions worse than they are. The more accurate the remote sensing techniques are becoming, the more pronounced this problem will be. This paper addresses the impact of uncertainties in field reference data due to measurement errors, model errors, and position errors when evaluating the accuracy of biomass predictions from airborne laser scanning at plot level. We present novel theoretical analysis methods that take the interactions of the error sources into account. Further, an error characterization model (ECM) is used to describe the error structure of the remote sensing-based predictions, and we show how the parameters of the ECM can be adjusted when field references contain errors. We also show how root mean square error (RMSE) estimates can be adjusted. Based on data from Scandinavian forests, we conclude that the field reference errors have an impact on the remote sensing-based predictions. By accounting for these errors the RMSE of the remote sensing-based predictions was reduced by 6–18%. The most influential sources of error in the field references were found to be the residual errors of the allometric biomass model and the field plot position errors. Together, these two sources accounted for 97% of the variance while measurement errors and biomass model parameter uncertainties were negligible in our study.
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| 12. |
- Persson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Wear mechanisms of PcBN tools when machining AISI 316L
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-8842. ; 47:22, s. 31894-31906
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the machinability of AISI 316L stainless steel without and with NMI treatment, when machined with three different PcBN tool grades: low cBN content (50% vol.), medium (65% vol.) and high (90% vol.). The NMI treatment consisted of resulfurized and Ca-treated steels with two different Si/Al ratio. The tool materials were evaluated in terms of tool life, showing the best performance for the medium cBN content grade. Results showed that the crater wear has a more significant effect on the tool performance than the standard wear criteria of maximum flank wear. The worn tools were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused ion beam (FIB) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In most cases, the crater exhibited three distinct regions from the edge to the end of the contact zone: the plateau, middle crater, and the upper region. Plateau and crater region displayed tool protective layer (TPL), consisting mostly of Al, Si, Mg and Ca-oxides; and some dimples in the tool from preferential wear of cBN grains. In the upper region of the best performing material, a ~1.5 μm thick TPL of mostly MnCr2O4 spinel was found, a result of the transfer of Mn- and Cr-rich oxide NMIs found in this material or oxidation of workpiece material, during the machining process.
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| 13. |
- Ståhl, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Why ecosystem characteristics predicted from remotely sensed data are unbiased and biased at the same time – and how this affects applications
- 2024
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Ingår i: Forest Ecosystems. - : Elsevier. - 2095-6355 .- 2197-5620. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem characteristics, and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as the best possible source of information for decision-making. However, wall-to-wall information typically relies on model-based prediction, and several features of model-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of information. One such feature is that model-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the same time, which has important implications in several areas of application. In this discussion paper, we first describe the conventional model-unbiasedness paradigm that underpins most prediction techniques using remotely sensed (or other) auxiliary data. From this point of view, model-based predictors are typically unbiased. Secondly, we show that for specific domains, identified based on their true values, the same model-based predictors can be considered biased, and sometimes severely so.We suggest distinguishing between conventional model-bias, defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted, and design-bias of model-based estimators, defined as the difference between the expected value of a model-based estimator and the true value of the quantity being predicted. We show that model-based estimators (or predictors) are typically design-biased, and that there is a trend in the design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true values. Further, we give examples of applications where this is important to acknowledge and to potentially make adjustments to correct for the design-bias trend. We argue that relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of application that use predictions from remotely sensed data.
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| 14. |
- Tell, Joakim, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Business Model Innovation in the Agri-Food Sector
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainable Business. - Hershey : IGI Global. - 9781522596158 - 9781522596165 ; , s. 1108-1122
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to deepen our understanding of what we know about business model innovation in the agri-food sector, both from a theoretical as well as a practical perspective. The methodological approach used in the paper is built on interviews, focus groups and observations of agricultural entrepreneurs and agricultural advisors in the agriculture sector and a review of over 500 peer-reviewed research papers for the period 1990-2014. The findings of the study indicate that entrepreneurs within the agri-food sector ought to shift focus from only a producer perspective to also include an entrepreneurial perspective, e.g. to focus on business model innovation. Based on this knowledge the authors present implications for research and practice. The research field is young and broad, but developing, and in need of stronger theoretical foundations. This article is based on a combination of a systematic literature review of a new emerging field as well as empirical in-depth interviews, focus groups and observations.
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| 15. |
- Ulvenblad, Pia, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Overcoming barriers in agri-business development : two education programs for entrepreneurs in the Swedish agricultural sector
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 1389-224X .- 1750-8622. ; 26:5, s. 443-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The paper compares two government-sponsored education programs for agricultural entrepreneurs: a Leadership program and a Lean program. Methodology: The paper takes both a qualitative and a quantitative approach in its collection and analysis of data from 54 semi- structured interviews and from a survey with 109 participants. Findings: The main challenges to business and personal development are time pressure and the need for better communications. The Leadership program participants emphasize the effect of internal barriers such asfixed mind-sets. The Lean program participants emphasize the effect of external barriers such asfinancing. Both groups emphasize personal and business growth more than the control group. Practical Implications: Entrepreneur education programs can help participants, program developers, and advisory organizations identify and manage business challenges and barriers. Theoretical Implications: The paper contributes to the literature about educations for entrepreneurs in the agricultural sector with its examination of agricultural entrepreneurs’reflections on barriers and challenges in business development and their linkage to overcoming barriers focused on a resource-based perspective with different types of resources. Originality/Value: The paper encourages examination of development challenges and barriers from the perspective of participators in entrepreneur education programs. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 16. |
- Wadensten, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic Yield From a Nationwide Implementation of Precision Medicine for all Children With Cancer.
- 2023
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Ingår i: JCO precision oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 2473-4284. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have indicated that broad genomic characterization of childhood cancer provides diagnostically and/or therapeutically relevant information in selected high-risk cases. However, the extent to which such characterization offers clinically actionable data in a prospective broadly inclusive setting remains largely unexplored.We implemented prospective whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of tumor and germline, complemented by whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) for all children diagnosed with a primary or relapsed solid malignancy in Sweden. Multidisciplinary molecular tumor boards were set up to integrate genomic data in the clinical decision process along with a medicolegal framework enabling secondary use of sequencing data for research purposes.During the study's first 14 months, 118 solid tumors from 117 patients were subjected to WGS, with complementary RNA-Seq for fusion gene detection in 52 tumors. There was no significant geographic bias in patient enrollment, and the included tumor types reflected the annual national incidence of pediatric solid tumor types. Of the 112 tumors with somatic mutations, 106 (95%) exhibited alterations with a clear clinical correlation. In 46 of 118 tumors (39%), sequencing only corroborated histopathological diagnoses, while in 59 cases (50%), it contributed to additional subclassification or detection of prognostic markers. Potential treatment targets were found in 31 patients (26%), most commonly ALK mutations/fusions (n = 4), RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway mutations (n = 14), FGFR1 mutations/fusions (n = 5), IDH1 mutations (n = 2), and NTRK2 gene fusions (n = 2). In one patient, the tumor diagnosis was revised based on sequencing. Clinically relevant germline variants were detected in 8 of 94 patients (8.5%).Up-front, large-scale genomic characterization of pediatric solid malignancies provides diagnostically valuable data in the majority of patients also in a largely unselected cohort.
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| 17. |
- Wadensten, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic Yield From a Nationwide Implementation of Precision Medicine for all Children With Cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: JCO Precision Oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 2473-4284. ; :7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Several studies have indicated that broad genomic characterization of childhood cancer provides diagnostically and/or therapeutically relevant information in selected high-risk cases. However, the extent to which such characterization offers clinically actionable data in a prospective broadly inclusive setting remains largely unexplored.Methods: We implemented prospective whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of tumor and germline, complemented by whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) for all children diagnosed with a primary or relapsed solid malignancy in Sweden. Multidisciplinary molecular tumor boards were set up to integrate genomic data in the clinical decision process along with a medicolegal framework enabling secondary use of sequencing data for research purposes.Results: During the study's first 14 months, 118 solid tumors from 117 patients were subjected to WGS, with complementary RNA-Seq for fusion gene detection in 52 tumors. There was no significant geographic bias in patient enrollment, and the included tumor types reflected the annual national incidence of pediatric solid tumor types. Of the 112 tumors with somatic mutations, 106 (95%) exhibited alterations with a clear clinical correlation. In 46 of 118 tumors (39%), sequencing only corroborated histopathological diagnoses, while in 59 cases (50%), it contributed to additional subclassification or detection of prognostic markers. Potential treatment targets were found in 31 patients (26%), most commonly ALK mutations/fusions (n = 4), RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway mutations (n = 14), FGFR1 mutations/fusions (n = 5), IDH1 mutations (n = 2), and NTRK2 gene fusions (n = 2). In one patient, the tumor diagnosis was revised based on sequencing. Clinically relevant germline variants were detected in 8 of 94 patients (8.5%).Conclusion: Up-front, large-scale genomic characterization of pediatric solid malignancies provides diagnostically valuable data in the majority of patients also in a largely unselected cohort.
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