| 1. |
- Berghauser Pont, Meta, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial Morphology Lab
- 2018
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Gil, Jorge, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Street Networks - Alternative models, measures & their merits
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cities concentrate intensive human activities requiring highly complex networked infrastructure for movement, public transport and myriad other spatial interactions. The planning and management of multi-modal street networks for diverse users therefore requires an understanding of urban layout beyond motorised vehicle networks as simple linear conduits of movement. In seeking to address these issues, there has been a profusion of studies of street networks in recent years, with increasing attention from network scientists such as physicists, in addition to studies from transport, geographical and urban fields. These studies take different approaches to representing street networks, each with a different focus, sophistication and level of detail. The models used are based on paradigms grounded in different traditions, often with little reflection upon which is the appropriate representation of the system for a particular application. The different approaches typically generate different results without necessarily comparing means of representation and methods of analysis for different modes and contexts. A few studies have made comparisons but none has yet been done systematically across a wider set of approaches. In this international, inter-disciplinary contribution, we identify and characterise different representations of street networks, and associated measures, and compare analytic results for a sample area to bring out the commonalities, differences and relative merits of the different approaches. This review is a first step to build a foundation for deeper and more consistent understanding of the meaning and significance of the different models, and of their utility for particular applications.
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| 3. |
- Marcus, Lars, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Location-based density and differentiation - adding attraction variables to Space Syntax
- 2018
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Ingår i: 24TH ISUF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: CITY AND TERRITORY IN THE GLOBALIZATION AGE. - 9788490485743 ; , s. 1379-1389
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The central variables in any urban model are distance and attraction (Wilson 2000). Space Syntax research has contributed to the development of new geometric descriptions and measures of distance that have proven successful when it comes to capturing pedestrian movement. However, the description and measurement of attractions has not been central to the field. An important exception is the development of Place Syntax analysis, which concerns new methodologies and software that opens for analysis not only of different kinds of accessibilities in the street network in itself but also analysis of the accessibility within the network to different forms of attractions, for instance, residents or retail (Stahle et al 2005). Place Syntax analysis is a generic form of analysis, why we may choose to analyse the accessibility to particular socio-economic attractions, but we may also conceive of a model of 'pure 'spatial form - a kind of architectural model of the city. For instance, Place Syntax analysis has been applied in different kinds of density analysis, transforming density measures from area-based measures to location-based measures (Stahle et al 2005). In this paper, we extend such spatial attraction to not only include the variable of density but also diversity and present results from an extensive empirical study including four European cities, paving the way towards a more complete architectural model of the city including both the analysis of distance and attractions.
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| 4. |
- Stavroulaki, Ioanna, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Methodology and results of an international observational study on pedestrian movement tracking anonymised Wi-Fi signals from mobile phones
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents the methodology and results of an international observational study on pedestrian movement, using innovative high-end technology of tracking anonymised Wi-Fi signals from mobile phones. The pedestrian survey was conducted during three weeks in October 2017 in 60 neighbourhoods across three cities in Europe - London, Amsterdam, Stockholm. The survey was led by Chalmers University in cooperation with Bumbee Labs consultancy firm. More than 300 streets of different network centrality profiles were monitored, ranging from small alleys to high streets, in neighbourhoods which differed in density type,from suburban villa areas of low density to central high-density areas with primarily closed building blocks.The aim is to quantify the separate and combined effects of spatial form, particularly built density and street centrality, on pedestrian movement. The collected data record how many people passed each street per hour, but also their average speed and exact paths through the area; revealing both flow patterns and intensities, and the microstructure of individual paths. The paper, first, presents the methodology and technology of collecting and processing anonymised pedestrian data through mobile phone Wi-Fi tracking and the results of the study. Then, results are tested against spatial variables and types to discuss how movement is influenced by street centrality, density and other attractors. Finally, the paper discusses the possible utilisations of pedestrian data in urban analysis and design, not least in a time when big data become increasingly accessible and when the boost of pedestrian mobility in cities is a central planning objective.
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