| 1. |
- Polaschegg, H. D., et al.
(författare)
-
Microbubbles of air during hemodialysis : negligible for the patient?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Artificial Organs. - 0391-3988 .- 1724-6040. ; 34:8, s. 654-654
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The symposium covers information about the presence of microbubbles in hemodialysis. Physical basis, technical considerations and regulations will be presented by Hans-Dietrich Polaschegg (Koestenberg, Austria). Per Jonsson (Umeå, Sweden) will cover experimental projects that were focused to evaluate the presence of microbubble air as contamination in the in vitro setting and some experiences. Those data and techniques were further used in in vitro testing of prevailing materials and basis for initial clinical studies on chronic hemodialysis sessions (Bernd Stegmayr, Umeå, Sweden). The symposium will thereafter focus on more clinical studies to investigate various clinical settings in relation to micro bubble exposure. This will be presented by Ulf Forsberg (Skellefteå, Sweden). The importance of microbubbles of air may be questioned. Therefore post mortem investigations were performed on hemodialysis patients. These data will be presented by Thomas Brännström (Umeå, Sweden). The symposium will end with time for discussion.
|
|
| 2. |
- Stegmayr, B. G., et al.
(författare)
-
In vitro testing of prevailing materials and initial clinical findings
- 2011
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Artificial Organs. - 0391-3988 .- 1724-6040. ; 34:8, s. 636-636
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: During HD previous studies have shown that especially micro bubbles of air may pass the air detector. These studies focused to analyse in vitro if the air trap of various producers may contribute to the presence of micro embolic counts in the fluid that has passed the air trap detector. In addition another in vitro study analysed if the dialyzer by itself may contribute to these contaminations. In parallel a clinical study was performed to evaluate if findings during in vitro tests could be found to some extent during chronic hemodialysis. If such contamination was present how frequent this would be and would it be a greater risk at the start or the end of dialysis. Methods: A ultrasound probe was placed on the venous dialysis tube after the air detector and venous chamber (Hatteland, Norway). Results:The studies verified previous in vitro studies with micro embolic counts that pass the air trap without inducing an alarm. Fewer embolic signals were detected in the in vitro studies when using a high level of the fluid in the air trap and when using a wet dialyzers. In the clinical studies high counts were present both at the first period as well as the last period of hemodialysis. Conclusions: These studies verify the finding of embolic counts in various extents in various in vitro settings, but also verify the presence of such counts in the dialysis tubes after the air trap in clinical routine hemodialysis. Further studies are warranted to clarify how to prevent patients from such problems and to clarify if the counts are clinically relevant.
|
|
| 3. |
- Appelros, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
A review on sex differences in stroke treatment and outcome
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 121:6, s. 359-369
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background - Beyond epidemiological differences, it has been controversial whether any important sex differences exist in the treatment of stroke. In this review paper, the following areas are covered: thrombolysis, stroke unit care, secondary prevention, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation. Additionally, symptoms at stroke onset, as well as outcome measures, such as death, dependency, stroke recurrence, quality of life, and depression are reviewed. Methods - Search in PubMed, tables-of-contents, review articles, and reference lists after studies that include information about sex differences in stroke care. Results - Ninety papers are included in this review. Women suffer more from cortical and non-traditional symptoms. Men and women benefit equally from thrombolysis and stroke unit care. Women with cardioembolic strokes may benefit more from anticoagulant therapy. Most studies have not found any tendency towards sexism in the choice of treatment. Post-stroke depression and low quality-of-life seem to be more common among women. Mortality rates are higher among men in some studies, while long-term ADL-dependency seems to be more common among women. Conclusions - Sex differences in stroke treatment and outcome are small, with no unequivocal proof of sex discrimination. Women have less favourable functional outcome because of higher age at stroke onset and more severe strokes.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
