| 1. |
- Eriksson, Jan W., et al.
(författare)
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Hydrochlorothiazide, but not Candesartan, aggravates insulin resistance and causes visceral and hepatic fat accumulation : the mechanisms for the diabetes preventing effect of Candesartan (MEDICA) Study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - : American Heart Association. - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 52:6, s. 1030-1037
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment with angiotensin II receptor blockers is associated with lower risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with thiazide diuretics. The Mechanisms for the Diabetes Preventing Effect of Candesartan Study addressed insulin action and secretion and body fat distribution after treatment with candesartan, hydrochlorothiazide, and placebo. Twenty-six nondiabetic, abdominally obese, hypertensive patients were included in a multicenter 3-way crossover trial, and 22 completers (by predefined criteria; 10 men and 12 women) were included in the analyses. They underwent 12-week treatment periods with candesartan (C; 16 to 32 mg), hydrochlorothiazide (H; 25 to 50 mg), and placebo (P), respectively, and the treatment order was randomly assigned and double blinded. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (56 mU/m(2) per minute) clamps were performed. Intrahepatic and intramyocellular and extramyocellular lipid content and subcutaneous and visceral abdominal adipose tissue were measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI. Insulin sensitivity (M-value) was reduced following H versus C and P (6.07+/-2.05, 6.63+/-2.04, and 6.90+/-2.10 mg/kg of body weight per minute, mean+/-SD; P
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Jerdén, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Personal health documents in school health education : A feasibility study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 35:6, s. 662-665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To examine the feasibility of a school intervention using a personal health document adapted for adolescents. Methods: The health document was developed in close cooperation with groups of adolescents and tested among seventh-grade students at two junior high schools (n=339). The document was presented to the students by their regular teachers. For evaluation, an adolescent questionnaire was used at baseline and after one year. Results: After one year, 87% of adolescents reported having written in the health document, and 77% reported having had classes with discussions on subjects in the document. The health document was perceived as useful by 35% of the adolescents. Factors significantly related to personal usefulness were being born outside Sweden, experiencing fair treatment by teachers, being a nonsmoker, and having a positive school experience. Conclusions: Implementation of a personal health document in junior high-school health education was feasible and well accepted.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a new approach to guided self-help via the Internet : The Swedish experience
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of technology in human services. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1522-8835 .- 1522-8991. ; 26:2-4, s. 161-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes the development and empirical status of guided Internet-delivered self-help. The treatment approach combines the benefits of bibliotherapy with book-length text materials and the support given online via web pages and e-mail. Interactive features such as online registrations, tests, and online discussion forums are also included. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) guided the research and clinical implementations of this approach, as it lends itself more easily to the self-help format compared with other presently available psychotherapy approaches. We include an overview of the research, current issues and research in service delivery, lessons learned through a program of research, and directions for future investigations
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Davidsson, Lars, 1974-
(författare)
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I linje med partiet? : Maktspel och lojalitet i den svenska riksdagen
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The preconditions for Swedish MPs’ (Members of Parliament) loyalty to their parliamentary party groups have been modified by two recent constitutional changes: the introduction of preference voting in the electoral system in 1998, and the 1997 reorganisation of the national budgetary process. The main purpose of this thesis is to determine the impact of these reforms on Swedish MPs’ inclination to defect from their party group’s interests. A theory is developed and its propositions empirically tested on the case of the Swedish Parliament. The theory states that the tasks of forming and upholding the party line are delegated from the party group to an elected leadership, and then re-delegated back to individual MPs. The party group leadership acts as a principal, monitoring the adherence of MPs as agents to party group interests in the fulfilment of these tasks. The nature of the interaction varies with the type of parliamentary activity, and the monitoring capacity of the leadership. This theory is strongly supported by Swedish data, and a comparative overview indicates that the theory may also be useful for analysing party loyalty in other parliamentary systems.The thesis uses a mixed methodology design, combining data from a survey study, an interview study, and a document study of Private Member Initiatives.The preference vote reform has increased MPs' willingness to defect, as well as actual defections from their party group’s interests. The effect is, however, mainly limited to electorally vulnerable MPs, who after the reform need to build a personal political profile. The budget reform has decreased defection on budgetary issues, but from a fairly low starting level. A third effect on party loyalty is found, in that the youngest generation MPs are significantly more prone to defect than their colleagues of older generations.
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| 7. |
- Eide, C, et al.
(författare)
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Mixed Reality : to apply for “urgent education/performance” or for rehearsal only?
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Swedish Armed Forces are in a new suit concerning peacekeeping missions abroad. In the future the Forces may have less Medical specialists that are conducive to the use of more Technical supporting system. Here we suggest a Mixed Reality supporting system for convoluted medicine technical performance. Mixed Reality involves the merging of real and virtual worlds. The user utilizes a head mounted or a handheld visual display presenting texts, virtual objects, animation sequences, audio and environmental features as incorporated into the real environments. Summary of work: We conducted an evaluation study in which ten participants used Mixed Reality technology, compared to written instructions with a picture as support for executing tasks. The tasks were to perform the procedures of ”power up” and to unitize a ventilator circuit assembly for the LSTAT® (Life Support for Trauma And Transport, a Platform for medical evacuation of a patient/wounded soldier.) Summary of results: The Mixed Reality technology was in general considered beneficial and there were favourable reactions in these tasks, compared to the written instructions.
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| 8. |
- Gustavsson, Ingvar, et al.
(författare)
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An Instructional Electronics Laboratory Opened for Remote Operation and Control
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blekinge Institute of Technology in Sweden has opened a local instructional laboratory for undergraduate education in electrical and electronic engineering for remote operation and control 24/7 as a complement and a supplement to traditional laboratories. It is equipped with a unique virtual interface enabling students to recognize on their own computer screen the desktop instruments and the breadboard most of them have already used in the local laboratory. The open laboratory is used in regular courses in circuit analysis for distant learning students dispersed all over Sweden and for campus students as well. The research is focused on what is perceived to be the greatest challenge, to give students laboratory experience that is as genuine as possible despite the lack of direct contact with the actual lab hardware. The goal is to produce an open international standard in cooperation with universities and other organizations around the world.
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| 9. |
- Gustavsson, Ingvar, et al.
(författare)
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Telemanipulator for Remote Wiring of Electrical Circuits
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, students want extended access to learning resources and increased freedom to organize their learning activities. Remote access to laboratories enables students to perform physical experiments on their own 24/7. It is easy to control most electronic instruments remotely but some kind of telemanipulator is often required. The Signal Processing Department (ASB) at Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH) has created an online lab workbench for electrical experiments, mimicking and supplementing workbenches in local laboratories. Students being at home can, for example, use the online workbench in order to prepare themselves for supervised lab sessions and/or participate in such sessions taking place in a local laboratory. A virtual breadboard is used to control a telemanipulator (switching matrix) performing the circuit wiring. Together with virtual front panels depicting the front panels of the desktop instruments, it gives distant students the impression that they are working in a real laboratory. This paper describes the virtual breadboard and switching matrix combination, which can be used in many switching applications.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Leopold, Lennart, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Förord
- 2009
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Ingår i: Leopold, Lennart, Ström, Eva (red.). Det var ingen tjusande idyll. - Stockholm : Atlantis. - 9789173533065 ; , s. 9-12, s. 3-, s. 6-7
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Marklund, Bertil, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Computer-supported telephone nurse triage: an evaluation of medical quality and costs.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of nursing management. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 15:2, s. 180-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To evaluate a telephone nurse triage model in terms of appropriateness of referrals to the appropriate level of care, patient's compliance with given advice and costs. BACKGROUND: A key concern in each telephonic consultation is to evaluate if appropriate. METHOD: An evaluative design in primary health care with consecutive patients (N = 362) calling telephone nurse triage between November 2002 and February 2003. RESULTS: The advice was considered adequate in 325 (97.6%) cases. The patients' compliance with self-care was 81.3%, to primary health care 91.1% and to Accident and Emergency department 100%. The nurses referred self-care cases (64.7%) and Accident and Emergency cases (29.6%) from a less adequate to an appropriate level of care. The cost saving per call leading to a recommendation of self-care was euro 70.3, to primary health care euro 24.3 and to Accident and Emergency department euro 22.2. CONCLUSIONS: The telephone nurse triage model showed adequate guidance for the patients concerning level of care and released resources for the benefit of both patients and the health care system.
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| 16. |
- Möller, Christina Ström, et al.
(författare)
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Age and follow-up time affect the prognostic value of the ECG and conventional cardiovascular risk factors for stroke in adult men
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 61:8, s. 704-712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To explore whether the predictive power of mid-life ECG abnormalities and conventional cardiovascular risk factors for future stroke change over a 30-year follow-up period, and whether a repeated examination improves their predictive power. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal population-based study. PARTICIPANTS: 2,322 men aged 50 years, with a follow-up period of 30 years. 1,221 subjects were re-examined at age 70 years MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Risk for fatal and non-fatal stroke during three decades of follow-up. Investigations included resting ECG and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: When measured at age 50 years, ST segment depression and T wave abnormalities, together with ECG-left ventricular hypertrophy, were of importance only during the first 20 years, but regained importance when re-measured at age 70 years. Blood pressure was a significant predictor for stroke over all three decades of follow-up. In elderly people only, there is evidence that apolipoprotein A1 may protect from future stroke. CONCLUSION: Mid-life values for blood pressure and ECG abnormalities retain their predictive value over long follow-up periods even though they improved in predictive power when re-measured in elderly people. Despite lower prevalence, ECG abnormalities had greater impact at age 50 years than at age 70 years. By contrast, apolipoprotein A1 was protective for future stroke only at age 70 years.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Strandén, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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State of the art survey of wireless vehicular communication projects
- 2008
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Ingår i: 15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems. - : World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). ; 8, s. 5656-5665
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper the results of a state of the art survey, using publicly available information, are presented. The scope of the survey concerns projects that include wireless communication vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure. Since there is a vast amount of information available, a specific methodology has to be developed and applied. This paper presents such a methodology which is based on a matrix representation that enables the definition of specific metrics. These metrics can then be used for further evaluation. The objectives of this work are threefold; to gather relevant project information, to define and apply a methodology for handling this information, and to compare and draw some general conclusions about the nature of projects carried out in Europe, USA and Japan.
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| 19. |
- Strandén, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Wireless Communications Vehicle-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This state-of-the-art survey addresses wireless communication vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle to-infrastructure. With infrastructure is here meant roadside equipment. Today, wireless linksare used for e.g. collecting tolls, telephony, traffic congestion warnings (TCM), positioning(GPS). Wireless communication can also be used within safety, efficiency and infotainmentareas. The purpose of this report is to make a survey of the available open project relatedinformation and summarize it. The considered projects were located in Europe, USA andJapan.Finally a total of 79 projects were considered significant. The approach for getting anoverview of these projects was to combine project descriptions (i.e. project explicit views)with project classification metrics (i.e. project implicit views). It is believed that this approachresults in a representative state-of-the-art overview of wireless communication vehicle-to-vehicleand vehicle-to-infrastructure projects.In this report links are also given to a number of related organisations (about a hundred).Apart from the projects as such it is possible to see differences in Europe, USA and Japanusing the surveyed projects. There is a strong governmental support in USA and Japan. InEurope governmental support is indirect via the European Commission and the picture ismore heterogeneous with many different countries involved. As it seems this is reflected in* The higher number of projects in Europe compared to USA and Japan.* More overlapping projects in Europe compared to USA and Japan. Several projects seem to address the same issues.In Europe, maybe the projects Coopers, Safespot and CVIS will become the central projectssince all three are large projects with many important participants and addressing manyapplication areas.
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| 20. |
- Ström, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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A role for both wild-type and expanded ataxin-7 in transcriptional regulation
- 2005
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-9961 .- 1095-953X. ; 20:3, s. 646-655
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting the brainstem, retina and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. The disease is caused by a polyglutamine expansion in ataxin-7, a protein found in two complexes TFTC and STAGA, involved in transcriptional regulation. Transcriptional dysregulation has been implicated in the pathology of several polyglutamine diseases. In this paper, we analyzed the effect of both wild-type and expanded ataxin-7 on transcription driven by the co-activator CBP and the Purkinje cell expressed nuclear receptor RORα1. We could show that transcription mediated by both CBP and RORα1 was repressed by expanded ataxin-7. Interestingly, repression of transcription could also be observed with wild-type full-length ataxin-7, not only on CBP- and RORα1-mediated transcription, but also on basal transcription. The repression could be counteracted by inhibition of deacetylation, suggesting that ataxin-7 may act as a repressor of transcription by inhibiting the acetylation activity of TFTC and STAGA.
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| 21. |
- Ström, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Identification and characterization of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7 (SCA7) isoform SCA7b in mice
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3002 .- 1878-2434. ; 1731:3, s. 149-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting the cerebellum, brainstem and retina. The disease is caused by a polyglutamine expansion in ataxin-7, a protein with largely unknown function. To improve our knowledge of the expression and function of wild-type and expanded ataxin-7, we looked for alternative SCA7 transcripts in mice. We identified a murine SCA7 isoform (SCA7b) containing an uncharacterized exon homologous to the newly identified human exon 12b. Northern blot analysis revealed three exon 12b containing transcripts with molecular sizes of 7.5, 4.4 and 3.0 kb in mice. This contrasted with the situation in humans, where only one exon 12b-containing transcript was observed. Furthermore, Northern blot of the human 4.4 kb SCA7b isoform predominantly showed expression in the brain, while expression of both the murine 7.5-kb and the 4.4-kb transcripts were observed in several tissues including brain, heart, liver, kidney and testis. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that in muscle and heart SCA7b is the predominant SCA7 isoform, while in brain equal levels of SCA7a and SCA7b was observed. Insertion of exon 12b into the murine SCA7 ORF resulted in a frame-shift that gave rise to an alternative ataxin-7 protein (ataxin-7b). The novel 58-amino acid C-terminus in ataxin-7b directed the protein to a more cytoplasmic location.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Ström Möller, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Persistent ischemic ECG abnormalities on repeated ECG examination have important prognostic value for cardiovascular disease beyond established risk factors : A population-based study in middle-aged men with up to 32 years of follow-up
- 2007
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 93:9, s. 1104-1110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To determine the effect of new, persistent or reverted ischaemic ECG abnormalities at ages 50 and 70 years on the risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease. Design, setting and participants: A prospective community-based observational cohort of 50-year-old men in Sweden, followed for 32 years. 2322 men of age 50 years participated in 1970-3, and 1221 subjects were re-examined at the age of 70 years. Main outcome measures: Myocardial infarction (MI), cardiovascular mortality and overall mortality. Results: At 50 years of age, after adjusting for established conventional risk factors, T wave abnormalities, ST segment depression, major Q/QS pattern and ECG-left ventricular hypertrophy were all found to be independent risk factors for the main outcome measures during the 32 years of follow-up. When ECG variables were re-measured at 70 years of age, they were still found to be independent risk factors for the mortality outcomes, but lost in significance for prediction of Ml. Regarding mortality, it was twice as dangerous to have persistent T wave abnormalities (HR 4.63; 95% Cl 2.18 to 9.83) or ST segment depression (HR 5.66; 95% Cl 1.77 to 18.1), as with new T wave abnormalities (HR 2.20; 95% Cl 1.48 to 3.29) or ST segment depression (HR 2.55; 95% Cl 1.74 to 3.75), developing between ages 50 and 70 years. The addition of "ECG indicating ischaemia" significantly increased the predictive power of the Framingham score (p<0.001). Conclusions: It is worthwhile to obtain serial ECGs for proper risk assessment, since persistent ST-T abnormalities carried twice as high a risk for future mortality compared with new or reverted abnormalities.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Ström Möller, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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T wave abnormalities, high body mass index, current smoking and high lipoprotein (a) levels predict the development of major abnormal Q/QS patterns 20 years later : A population-based study
- 2006
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Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2261 .- 1471-2261. ; 6:6, s. 10-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Most studies on risk factors for development of coronary heart disease (CHD) have been based on the clinical outcome of CHD. Our aim was to identify factors that could predict the development of ECG markers of CHD, such as abnormal Q/QS patterns, ST segment depression and T wave abnormalities, in 70-year-old men, irrespective of clinical outcome. METHODS: Predictors for development of different ECG abnormalities were identified in a population-based study using stepwise logistic regression. Anthropometrical and metabolic factors, ECG abnormalities and vital signs from a health survey of men at age 50 were related to ECG abnormalities identified in the same cohort 20 years later. RESULTS: At the age of 70, 9% had developed a major abnormal Q/QS pattern, but 63% of these subjects had not been previously hospitalized due to MI, while 57% with symptomatic MI between age 50 and 70 had no major Q/QS pattern at age 70. T wave abnormalities (Odds ratio 3.11, 95% CI 1.18-8.17), high lipoprotein (a) levels, high body mass index (BMI) and smoking were identified as significant independent predictors for the development of abnormal major Q/QS patterns. T wave abnormalities and high fasting glucose levels were significant independent predictors for the development of ST segment depression without abnormal Q/QS pattern. CONCLUSION: T wave abnormalities on resting ECG should be given special attention and correlated with clinical information. Risk factors for major Q/QS patterns need not be the same as traditional risk factors for clinically recognized CHD. High lipoprotein (a) levels may be a stronger risk factor for silent myocardial infarction (MI) compared to clinically recognized MI.
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| 26. |
- Ström Möller, Christina, 1957-
(författare)
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The Resting Electrocardiogram and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease : A Population-Based Study in Middle-Aged Men with up to 32 Years of Follow-Up
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim was to contribute to the optimal use of the resting ECG by exploring, in middle-aged and elderly men, the development and regression of ECG abnormalities; the prognostic value of the ECG for cardiovascular disease compared to conventional risk factors; and the impact of age at baseline and follow-up time for prediction of cardiovascular disease.It was based on the Uppsala Study of Adult Men cohort that was started in 1970. Participants were examined at ages 50, 70, 77, and 82, with annual updates on mortality and in-hospital morbidity using national registries.The studies indicated that the prevalence of silent MI and frequency of regression of major Q/QS patterns may be higher than previously believed. Considering that persistent T wave abnormalities and ST segment depression carried twice as high a risk for future cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality as new or reverted abnormalities, the results suggested that serial electrocardiograms (ECG) would contribute to proper risk assessment. Also, the inclusion of ischemic ECG findings significantly increased the predictive power of the Framingham score at age 70 for CVD.While hypertension and dyslipidemia were consistent long-term risk factors for myocardial infarction at ages 50 and 70, the length of follow-up period and age at baseline affected the predictive power of ECG abnormalities, fasting insulin, BMI, and smoking.For stroke, midlife values for blood pressure and ECG abnormalities retained prognostic value over long follow-up periods, even though they improved when re-measured in elderly participants. ApoB/apoA1 ratio, driven by apoA1, was associated with stroke in elderly but not middle-aged men. Hyperinsulinemia and diabetes mellitus were more specifically associated with ischemic stroke than with any-cause stroke.In summary, the resting ECG carried prognostic information beyond conventional risk factors. Even though the low prevalence of ECG abnormalities at the age of 50 calls into question the role of the ECG as a screening tool, the additional risk information it carries with it justifies its regular and repeated registration above the age of 50.
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