| 1. |
- Häggblad, Erik, 1972-
(författare)
-
In Vivo Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy of Human Tissue : From Point Measurements to Imaging
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis presents the non-invasive use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) to provide information about the biochemical composition of living tissue. During DRS measurements, the incident, visible light is partially absorbed by chromophores but also scattered in the tissue before being remitted.Human skin and heart, the main tissue objects in this thesis, are dependent on a sufficient inflow of oxygenized blood, and outflow of metabolic byproducts. This process could be monitored by DRS using the spectral fingerprints of the most important tissue chromophores, oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin.The Beer-Lambert law was used to produce models for the DRS and has thus been a foundation for the analyses throughout this work. Decomposition into the different chromophores was performed using least square fitting and tabulated data for chromophore absorptivity.These techniques were used to study skin tissue erythema induced by a provocation of an applied heat load on EMLA-treated skin. The absorbance differences, attributed to changes in the hemoglobin concentrations, were examined and found to be related to, foremost, an increase in oxyhemoglobin.To estimate UV-induced border zones between provoked and nonprovoked tissue a modified Beer-Lambert model, approximating the scattering effects, was used. An increase of chromophore content of more than two standard deviations above mean indicated responsive tissue. The analysis revealed an edge with a rather diffuse border, contradictory to the irradiation pattern.Measuring in the operating theater, on the heart, it was necessary to calculate absolute chromophore values in order to assess the state of the myocardium. Therefore, a light transport model accounting for the optical properties, and a calibrated probe, was adopted and used. The absolute values and fractions of the chromophores could then be compared between sites and individuals, despite any difference of the optical properties in the tissue.A hyperspectral imaging system was developed to visualize the spatial distribution of chromophores related to UV-provocations. A modified Beer-Lambert approximation was used including the chromophores and a baseline as an approximate scattering effect. The increase in chromophore content was estimated and evaluated over 336 hours.In conclusion, advancing from a restricted Beer-Lambert model, into a model estimating the tissue optical properties, chromophore estimation algorithms have been refined progressively. This has allowed advancement from relative chromophore analysis to absolute values, enabling precise comparisons and good prediction of physiological conditions.
|
|
| 2. |
- Sedimbi, S. K., et al.
(författare)
-
SUMO4 M55V polymorphism affects susceptibility to type I diabetes in HLA DR3- and DR4-positive Swedish patients
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Genes Immun. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1466-4879 .- 1476-5470. ; 8:6, s. 518-21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SUMO4 M55V, located in IDDM5, has been a focus for debate because of its association to type I diabetes (TIDM) in Asians but not in Caucasians. The current study aims to test the significance of M55V association to TIDM in a large cohort of Swedish Caucasians, and to test whether M55V is associated in those carrying human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules. A total of 673 TIDM patients and 535 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. PCR-RFLP was performed to identify the genotype and allele variations. Our data suggest that SUMO4 M55V is not associated with susceptibility to TIDM by itself. When we stratified our patients and controls based on heterozygosity for HLA-DR3/DR4 and SUMO4 genotypes, we found that presence of SUMO4 GG increased further the relative risk conferred by HLA-DR3/DR4 to TIDM, whereas SUMO4 AA decreased the risk. From the current study, we conclude that SUMO4 M55V is associated with TIDM in association with high-risk HLA-DR3 and DR4, but not by itself.
|
|
| 3. |
- Berglöf, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
-
Beneficial effects of antioxidant-enriched diet for tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in ventral mesencephalic tissue in oculo grafts
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0021-9967 .- 1096-9861. ; 515:1, s. 72-82
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Supplementation of antioxidants to the diet has been proved to be beneficial in aging and after brain injury. Furthermore, it has been postulated that the locus coeruleus promotes survival of dopamine neurons. Thus, this study was performed to elucidate the effects of a blueberry-enriched diet on fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue in the presence or absence of locus coeruleus utilizing the in oculo grafting method. Sprague-Dawley rats were given control diet or diet supplemented with 2% blueberries, and solid tissue pieces of fetal locus coeruleus and ventral mesencephalon were implanted as single and co-grafts. The results revealed that the presence of locus coeruleus tissue or the addition of blueberries enhanced the survival of ventral mesencephalic tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons, whereas no additive effects were observed for the two treatments. The density of TH-positive nerve fibers in ventral mesencephalic tissue was significantly elevated when it was attached to the locus coeruleus or by blueberry treatment, whereas the innervation of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-positive nerve fibers was not altered. The presence of locus coeruleus tissue or bluberry supplementation reduced the number of Iba-1-positive microglia in the ventral mesencephalic portion of single and co-grafts, respectively, whereas almost no OX6 immunoreactivity was found. Furthermore, neither the attachment of ventral mesencephalic tissue nor the addition of blueberries improved the survival of TH-positive neurons in the locus coerulean grafts. To conclude, locus coeruleus and blueberries are beneficial for the survival of fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue, findings that could be useful when grafting tissue in Parkinson's disease.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Drobni, Mirva, et al.
(författare)
-
A host-derived pentapeptide affecting adhesion, proliferation and local pH in Streptococcus-Actinomyces biofilm communities.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Infection and immunity.
-
Forskningsöversikt (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) attach commensal Actinomyces and Streptococcus species to teeth. Here, gel filtration, mass spectrometry and Edman degradation were applied to show the release of a pentapeptide, RGRPQ, from PRP-1 upon proteolysis by Streptococcus gordonii. Moreover, synthetic RGRPQ and derivatives were used to investigate associated innate properties and responsible motifs. The RGRPQ peptide increased 2.5-fold the growth rate of S. gordonii via a Q-dependent sequence motif, and selectively stimulated oral colonization of this organism in a rat model in vivo. By contrast, growth of Streptococcus mutans, implicated in caries, was unaffected. While the entire RGRPQ sequence was required to block sucrose-induced pH-decrease by S. gordonii and S. mutans, the N-terminal Arg residue mediated pH-increase (i.e. ammonia production) by S. gordonii alone (which exhibits Arg catabolism to ammonia). Strains of commensal viridans streptococci exhibited PRP degradation and Arg catabolism, while cariogenic species did not. The RGRPQ peptide mediated via a differential Q-dependent sequence motif, adhesion inhibition and desorption of PRP-1-binding strains of A. naeslundii genospecies 2 (5 out of 10 strains) but not of S. gordonii (n=5). The inhibitable A. naeslundii strains alone displayed the same binding profile as S. gordonii to hybrid peptides terminating in RGRPQ or GQSPQ, derived from the middle or C-terminal segments of PRP-1. The present findings indicate the presence of a host-bacteria interaction where a host peptide released by bacterial proteolysis affects key properties in biofilm formation.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Hakkarainen, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Human and bovine milk oligosaccharides inhibit Neisseria meningitidis pili attachment in vitro.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 135:10, s. 2445-2448
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Milk oligosaccharides have been shown to interfere with adhesion of many pathogens to host mucosal surfaces. Characterization of the adhesion mechanisms of the bacteria to host cell surface is needed to develop novel functional food, infant formulas, and anti-infective drugs. Adhesion of Neisseria meningitidis, a human specific pathogen causing meningitis and septicemia, is not completely understood but is mediated by type IV pili. Here, we developed a microtiter well pili binding assay to investigate the binding activities of N. meningitidis isolated type IV pili to different glycoproteins. Pili binding activities to bovine thyroglobulin and human salivary agglutinin but not to chicken ovalbumin were present. Inhibition of these binding activities was demonstrated by fractionated human or bovine milk oligosaccharides. The binding of neisserial pili to bovine thyroglobulin was most effective and was clearly inhibited by human milk neutral or bovine milk acidic oligosaccharides.
|
|
| 8. |
- Hansson, A C, et al.
(författare)
-
Corticosterone actions on the hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression are mediated by exon IV promoter.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of neuroendocrinology (Print). - : Wiley. - 0953-8194 .- 1365-2826. ; 18:2, s. 104-114
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression is strongly regulated by adrenocorticosteroids via activated gluco- and mineralocorticoid receptors. Four separate promoters are located upstream of the BDNF noncoding exons I to IV and may thus be involved in adrenocorticosteroid-mediated gene regulation. In adrenalectomised rats, corticosterone (10 mg/kg s.c.) induces a robust down-regulation of both BDNF mRNA and protein levels in the hippocampus peaking at 2-8 h. To study the role of the individual promoters in the corticosterone response, we employed exon-specific riboprobe in situ hybridisation as well as real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the dentate gyrus. We found a down-regulation, mainly of exon IV and the protein-coding exon V, in nearby all hippocampal subregions, but exon II was only down-regulated in the dentate gyrus. Exon I and exon III transcripts were not affected by corticosterone treatment. The results could be confirmed with real-time PCR in the dentate gyrus. It appears as if the exon IV promoter is the major target for corticosterone-mediated transcriptional regulation of BDNF in the hippocampus.
|
|
| 9. |
- Lindehammer, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
-
Temporal trends of HLA genotype frequencies of type 1 diabetes patients in Sweden from 1986 to 2005 suggest altered risk
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 45:4, s. 231-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes in 1-18-year-old patients with type 1 diabetes newly diagnosed in 1986-1987 (n = 430), 1996-2000 (n = 342) and in 2003-2005 (n = 171). We tested the hypothesis that the HLA DQ genotype distribution changes over time. Swedish type 1 diabetes patients and controls were typed for HLA using polymerase chain reaction amplification and allele specific probes for DQ A1* and B1* alleles. The most common type 1 diabetes HLA DQA1*-B1*genotype 0501-0201/0301-0302 was 36% (153/430) in 1986-1987 and 37% (127/342) in 1996-2000, but decreased to 19% (33/171) in 2003-2005 (P \ 0.0001). The 0501-0201/0501-0201 genotype increased from 1% in 1986-1987 to 7% in 1996-2000 (P = 0.0047) and to 5% in 2003-2005 (P > 0.05). This study in 1-18-year-old Swedish type 1 diabetes patients supports the notion that there is a temporal change in HLA risk.
|
|
| 10. |
- Mertens, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Prognostic significance of chromosome aberrations in high-grade soft tissue sarcomas
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 1527-7755. ; 24:2, s. 315-320
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To investigate whether previously observed correlations between tumor karyotype and risk of metastases could be reproduced in an independent set of high-grade soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). Patients and Methods In a previous study on high-grade STSs with clonal chromosome aberrations, we identified a number of cytogenetic variables, besides tumor grade and size, that were associated with significantly increased risk of metastases. In the present study, we have tested the predictive value of these cytogenetic variables in a new set of 156 high-grade STSs, all located in the extremities or trunk wall. Results Of the 10 cytogenetic variables that turned out to provide prognostic information in the previous series, encompassing 122 trunk wall or extremity STSs, three were significantly associated with metastases also in the new series. In a final Cox regression analysis including these three cytogenetic variables, as well as tumor grade and size, on the combined series of 278 high-grade STSs, four parameters were found to be significantly associated with metastasis risk: tumor grade 3, tumor size >= 5 cm, breakpoint in region 1p1, and gain of region 6p1. Conclusion Our findings suggest that independent prognostic information may be gained from cytogenetic analysis of high-grade STS.
|
|
| 11. |
- Norppa, H., et al.
(författare)
-
Chromosomal aberrations and SCEs as biomarkers of cancer risk
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2871 .- 0027-5107. ; 600:1-2, s. 37-45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have suggested that the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs), but not of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), predicts cancer risk. We have further examined this relationship in European cohorts comprising altogether almost 22,000 subjects, in the framework of a European collaborative project (CancerRiskBiomarkers). The present paper gives an overview of some of the results of the project, especially as regards CAs and SCEs. The results confirm that a high level of CAs is associated with an increased risk of cancer and indicate that this association does not depend on the time between CA analysis and cancer detection, i.e., is obviously not explained by undetected cancer. The present evidence indicates that both chromatid-type and chromosome-type CAs predict cancer, even though some data suggest that chromosome-type CAs may have a more pronounced predictive value than chromatid-type CAs. CA frequency appears to predict cancers at various sites, although there seems to be a particular association with gastrointestinal cancers. SCE frequency does not appear to have cancer predictive value, at least partly due to uncontrollable technical variation. A number of genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolism, DNA repair, and folate metabolism affect the level of CAs and might collectively contribute to the cancer predictivity of CAs. Other factors that may influence the association between CAs and cancer include, e.g., exposure to genotoxic carcinogens and internal generation of genotoxic species. Although the association between CA level and cancer is seen at the group level, an association probably also exists for the individual, although it is not known if an individual approach could be feasible. However, group level evidence should be enough to support the use of CA analysis as a tool in screening programs and prevention policies in occupational and environmental health.
|
|
| 12. |
- Rutherford, Erin C, et al.
(författare)
-
Chronic second-by-second measures of L-glutamate in the central nervous system of freely moving rats.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Neurochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0022-3042 .- 1471-4159. ; 102:3, s. 712-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- l-glutamate (Glu) is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and is associated with motor behavior and sensory perception. While microdialysis methods have been used to record tonic levels of Glu, little is known about the more rapid changes in Glu signals that may be observed in awake rats. We have reported acute recording methods using enzyme-based microelectrode arrays (MEA) with fast response time and low detection levels of Glu in anesthetized animals with minimal interference. The current paper concerns modification of the MEA design to allow for reliable measures in the brain of conscious rats. In this study, we characterized the effects of chronic implantation of the MEA into the brains of rats. We were capable of measuring Glu levels for 7 days without loss of sensitivity. We performed studies of tail-pinch induced stress, which caused a robust biphasic increase in Glu. Histological data show chronic implantation of the MEAs caused minimal injury to the CNS. Taken together, our data show that chronic recordings of tonic and phasic Glu can be carried out in awake rats for up to 17 days in vivo allowing longer term studies of Glu regulation in behaving rats.
|
|
| 13. |
- Sanjeevi, Carani B., et al.
(författare)
-
The risk conferred by HLA-DR and DQ for type 1 diabetes in 0-35-year age group are different in different regions of Sweden
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0077-8923 .- 1749-6632. - 9781573317337 ; 1150, s. 106-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HLA DR4-DQ8 and DR3-DQ2 haplotypes account for 89% of newly diagnosed cases of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Sweden. The presence of a single copy of DQ6 confers protection. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether the risk conferred by high risk HLA DR and DQ to T1D is similar in all regions of Sweden and see whether there are any significant regional differences. The subjects comprised 799 consecutively diagnosed T1D patients and 585 age-, sex-, and geography-matched healthy controls in the age group 0-35 years. HLA typing for high-risk haplotypes was previously performed using PCR-SSOP and RFLP. The results showed that HLA DR3-DR4 gave an odds ratio of 8.14 for the whole of Sweden. However, when the study group was divided into six geographical regions, subjects from Stockholm had the highest OR, followed by those from Lund, Linköping, Gothenburg, Umeå, and Uppsala. Absolute protection was conferred by the presence of DQ6 in subjects from the Linköping region, but varied in the other regions. The frequency of DR3 and DQ2, DR4 and DQ8, DR15, and DQ6 in patients showed high linkage for each region, but were different between regions. In conclusion: The risk conferred by high-risk HLA varies in different regions for a homogenous population in Sweden. The results highlight the important role played by the various environmental factors in the precipitation of T1D.
|
|
| 14. |
- Schidler, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance Targets in Production Processes (PT-PRO) - final report
- 2007
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the main actions of the European Environmental Technologies Action Plan (ETAP) is: "Setting ambitious targets to improve the environmental performance of technologies within a given timeframe. This should encourage technological development while preparing the markets to accept and prepare for these high standard environmental technologies". On request of DG Environment, the JRC-IPTS launched a project on Performance Targets for Industry Processes (PT-PRO project), with the objective to further define concepts and to identify the conditions necessary to implement the concept of Performance Targets. The project was carried out with the help of ITA, ÖAW, GMV/IVL, FEA and TNO. This report provides a definition of the main elements of Performance Targets and an overview of the general principles for their implementation. Based on four case study sectors (the iron & steel, cement, pulp & paper and the textile industries), an illustration of these different elements is provided in relation with a range of industry sectors and their environmental challenges, existing regulations, technical potentials, market situations and organisational structure. The report also discusses the best conditions and limitations of setting Performance Targets for the industry and the possible value-added.
|
|
| 15. |
- Strömberg, C. A. E., et al.
(författare)
-
Palaeoecology of a Middle Miocene lake in China: preliminary interpretations based on phytoliths from the Shanwang Basin
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Vertebrata PalAsiatica. ; 45, s. 145-160
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lacustrine Early to Middle Miocene Shanwang Formation contains an exceptionally well preserved biota including insects, plants, and vertebrates that has been subject to intense study. Palaeoecological work on plant macrofossils and palynofloras indicate that the locality represents a forest under a humid, warm-temperate to subtropical climate that remained rather stable during the deposition of the formation. This interpretation is supported by fossil vertebrates such as bats and tapirs discovered in the Shanwang section. However, to date no information has been available on the presence, abundance, and taxonomic composition of grasses at this locality. Here, we report on phytoliths extracted from six samples from the Shanwang Formation, providing new evidence of the vegetation that grew around the lake. The phytolith assemblages contain well-preserved and abundant grass phytoliths, forest indicator phytoliths from dicotyledonous plants, and infrequent palm phytoliths. The grass phytoliths consist of forms produced by C,IC4 PACCAD grasses and pooids, with a minor component of morphotypes thought to derive from closed-habitat grasses. Our preliminary interpretation of these phytolith assemblages is that they reflect a lake-side wooded habitat and abundant helophytic to mesophytic grasses, with drier areas supporting pooid (and PACCAD) grasses. The data support the reconstruction of the Miocene Shanwang region as more humid and equable than presently. The Shanwang phytolith assemblages contrast with Miocene lacustrine phytolith assemblages from Turkey and the Great Plains of North America, which indicate grass communities characterized by diverse C3 pooids and different types of PACCAD grasses. Future research will determine whether this variability reflects large-scale biogeographic differences in grass communities or local, microclimate-related variation.
|
|
| 16. |
- Strömberg, C. A. E., et al.
(författare)
-
The spread of grass-dominated habitats in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Cainozoic: phytolith evidence
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-0182 .- 1872-616X. ; 250, s. 18-49
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The arrival of hipparionine horses in the eastern Mediterranean region around 11 Ma was traditionally thought to mark the simultaneous westward expansion of savanna vegetation across Eurasia. However, recent paleoecological reconstructions based on tooth wear, carbon isotopes, and functional morphology indicate that grasses played a minor role in Late Miocene ecosystems of the eastern Mediterranean, which were more likely dry woodlands or forests. The scarcity of grass macrofossils and pollen in Miocene floras of Europe and Asia Minor has been used to support this interpretation. Based on the combined evidence, it has therefore been suggested that Late Miocene ungulate faunal change in the eastern Mediterranean signals increased aridity and landscape openness, but not necessarily the development of grass-dominated habitats. To shed newlight on the Miocene evolution of eastern Mediterranean ecosystems, we used phytolith assemblages preserved in direct association with faunas as a proxy for paleovegetation structure (grassland vs. forest).We extracted phytoliths and other biogenic silica fromsediment samples fromwell-known Early to Late Miocene (∼20–7Ma) faunal localities in Greece, Turkey, and Iran. In addition, a Middle Eocene sample from Turkey yielded phytoliths and served as a baseline comparison for vegetation inference. Phytolith analysis showed that the Middle Eocene assemblage consists of abundant grass phytoliths (grass silica short cells) interpreted as deriving from bambusoid grasses, as well as diverse forest indicator phytoliths from dicotyledonous angiosperms and palms, pointing to the presence of a woodland or forest with abundant bamboos. In contrast, the Miocene assemblages are dominated by diverse silica short cells typical of pooid open-habitat grasses. Forest indicator phytoliths are also present, but are rare in the Late Miocene (9–7 Ma) assemblages. Our analysis of the Miocene grass community composition is consistent with evidence from stable carbon isotopes from paleosols and ungulate tooth enamel, showing that C4 grasses were rare in the Mediterranean throughout the Miocene. These data indicate that relatively open habitats had become common in Turkey and surrounding areas by at least the Early Miocene (∼20 Ma), N7 million years before hipparionine horses reached Europe and arid conditions ensued, as judged by faunal data.
|
|
| 17. |
- Strömberg, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
-
Blueberry- and spirulina-enriched diets enhance striatal dopamine recovery and induce a rapid, transient microglia activation after injury of the rat nigrostriatal dopamine system.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Experimental Neurology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4886. ; 196:2, s. 298-307
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in loss of dopamine neurons during brain injury and in neurodegenerative diseases. Diets enriched in foods with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions may modulate this neuroinflammation. The model of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injected into the dorsal striatum of normal rats, causes a progressive loss of dopamine neurons in the ventral mesencephalon. In this study, we have investigated the inflammatory response following 6-OHDA injected into the striatum of adult rats treated with diet enriched in blueberry or spirulina. One week after the dopamine lesion, a similar size of dopamine degeneration was found in the striatum and in the globus pallidus in all lesioned animals. At 1 week, a significant increase in OX-6- (MHC class II) positive microglia was found in animals fed with blueberry- and spirulina-enriched diets in both the striatum and the globus pallidus. These OX-6-positive cells were located within the area of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) -negativity. At 1 month after the lesion, the number of OX-6-positive cells was reduced in diet-treated animals while a significant increase beyond that observed at 1 week was now present in lesioned control animals. Dopamine recovery as revealed by TH-immunohistochemistry was significantly enhanced at 4 weeks postlesion in the striatum while in the globus pallidus the density of TH-positive nerve fibers was not different from control-fed lesioned animals. In conclusion, enhanced striatal dopamine recovery appeared in animals treated with diet enriched in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals and coincided with an early, transient increase in OX-6-positive microglia.
|
|
