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| 2. |
- Murari, A., et al.
(författare)
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A control oriented strategy of disruption prediction to avoid the configuration collapse of tokamak reactors
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of thermonuclear fusion consists of producing electricity from the coalescence of light nuclei in high temperature plasmas. The most promising route to fusion envisages the confinement of such plasmas with magnetic fields, whose most studied configuration is the tokamak. Disruptions are catastrophic collapses affecting all tokamak devices and one of the main potential showstoppers on the route to a commercial reactor. In this work we report how, deploying innovative analysis methods on thousands of JET experiments covering the isotopic compositions from hydrogen to full tritium and including the major D-T campaign, the nature of the various forms of collapse is investigated in all phases of the discharges. An original approach to proximity detection has been developed, which allows determining both the probability of and the time interval remaining before an incoming disruption, with adaptive, from scratch, real time compatible techniques. The results indicate that physics based prediction and control tools can be developed, to deploy realistic strategies of disruption avoidance and prevention, meeting the requirements of the next generation of devices.
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| 6. |
- Hayes, A., et al.
(författare)
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A European multicentre evaluation of detection and typing methods for human enteroviruses and parechoviruses using RNA transcripts
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - : Wiley. - 0146-6615 .- 1096-9071. ; 92:8, s. 1065-1074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection has become the gold standard for diagnosis and typing of enterovirus (EV) and human parechovirus (HPeV) infections. Its effectiveness depends critically on using the appropriate sample types and high assay sensitivity as viral loads in cerebrospinal fluid samples from meningitis and sepsis clinical presentation can be extremely low. This study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of currently used commercial and in-house diagnostic and typing assays. Accurately quantified RNA transcript controls were distributed to 27 diagnostic and 12 reference laboratories in 17 European countries for blinded testing. Transcripts represented the four human EV species (EV-A71, echovirus 30, coxsackie A virus 21, and EV-D68), HPeV3, and specificity controls. Reported results from 48 in-house and 15 commercial assays showed 98% detection frequencies of high copy (1000 RNA copies/5 µL) transcripts. In-house assays showed significantly greater detection frequencies of the low copy (10 copies/5 µL) EV and HPeV transcripts (81% and 86%, respectively) compared with commercial assays (56%, 50%; P = 7 × 10−5). EV-specific PCRs showed low cross-reactivity with human rhinovirus C (3 of 42 tests) and infrequent positivity in the negative control (2 of 63 tests). Most or all high copy EV and HPeV controls were successfully typed (88%, 100%) by reference laboratories, but showed reduced effectiveness for low copy controls (41%, 67%). Stabilized RNA transcripts provide an effective, logistically simple and inexpensive reagent for evaluation of diagnostic assay performance. The study provides reassurance of the performance of the many in-house assay formats used across Europe. However, it identified often substantially reduced sensitivities of commercial assays often used as point-of-care tests.
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| 7. |
- Broekman, Maarten J. E., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating expert-based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS-tracking data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Ecology and Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 1466-822X .- 1466-8238. ; 31:8, s. 1526-1541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Macroecological studies that require habitat suitability data for many species often derive this information from expert opinion. However, expert-based information is inherently subjective and thus prone to errors. The increasing availability of GPS tracking data offers opportunities to evaluate and supplement expert-based information with detailed empirical evidence. Here, we compared expert-based habitat suitability information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with habitat suitability information derived from GPS-tracking data of 1,498 individuals from 49 mammal species.Location: Worldwide.Time period: 1998-2021.Major taxa studied: Forty-nine terrestrial mammal species.Methods: Using GPS data, we estimated two measures of habitat suitability for each individual animal: proportional habitat use (proportion of GPS locations within a habitat type), and selection ratio (habitat use relative to its availability). For each individual we then evaluated whether the GPS-based habitat suitability measures were in agreement with the IUCN data. To that end, we calculated the probability that the ranking of empirical habitat suitability measures was in agreement with IUCN's classification into suitable, marginal and unsuitable habitat types.Results: IUCN habitat suitability data were in accordance with the GPS data (> 95% probability of agreement) for 33 out of 49 species based on proportional habitat use estimates and for 25 out of 49 species based on selection ratios. In addition, 37 and 34 species had a > 50% probability of agreement based on proportional habitat use and selection ratios, respectively.Main conclusions: We show how GPS-tracking data can be used to evaluate IUCN habitat suitability data. Our findings indicate that for the majority of species included in this study, it is appropriate to use IUCN habitat suitability data in macroecological studies. Furthermore, we show that GPS-tracking data can be used to identify and prioritize species and habitat types for re-evaluation of IUCN habitat suitability data.
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| 8. |
- Sagova-Mareckova, M., et al.
(författare)
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Expanding ecological assessment by integrating microorganisms into routine freshwater biomonitoring
- 2021
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 191
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioindication has become an indispensable part of water quality monitoring in most countries of the world, with the presence and abundance of bioindicator taxa, mostly multicellular eukaryotes, used for biotic indices. In contrast, microbes (bacteria, archaea and protists) are seldom used as bioindicators in routine assessments, although they have been recognized for their importance in environmental processes. Recently, the use of molecular methods has revealed unexpected diversity within known functional groups and novel metabolic pathways that are particularly important in energy and nutrient cycling. In various habitats, microbial communities respond to eutrophication, metals, and natural or anthropogenic organic pollutants through changes in diversity and function. In this review, we evaluated the common trends in these changes, documenting that they have value as bioindicators and can be used not only for monitoring but also for improving our understanding of the major processes in lotic and lentic environments. Current knowledge provides a solid foundation for exploiting microbial taxa, community structures and diversity, as well as functional genes, in novel monitoring programs. These microbial community measures can also be combined into biotic indices, improving the resolution of individual bioindicators. Here, we assess particular molecular approaches complemented by advanced bioinformatic analysis, as these are the most promising with respect to detailed bioindication value. We conclude that microbial community dynamics are a missing link important for our understanding of rapid changes in the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems, and should be addressed in the future environmental monitoring of freshwater ecosystems. (c) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )
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| 9. |
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| 12. |
- Ardizzone, I., et al.
(författare)
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Optical properties of LaNi O3 films tuned from compressive to tensile strain
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9969 .- 2469-9950. ; 102:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Materials with strong electronic correlations host remarkable - and technologically relevant - phenomena such as magnetism, superconductivity, and metal-insulator transitions. Harnessing and controlling these effects is a major challenge, on which key advances are being made through lattice and strain engineering in thin films and heterostructures, leveraging the complex interplay between electronic and structural degrees of freedom. Here we show that the electronic structure of LaNiO3 can be tuned by means of lattice engineering. We use different substrates to induce compressive and tensile biaxial epitaxial strain in LaNiO3 thin films. Our measurements reveal systematic changes of the optical spectrum as a function of strain and, notably, an increase of the low-frequency free carrier weight as tensile strain is applied. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we show that this apparently counterintuitive effect is due to a change of orientation of the oxygen octahedra. The calculations also reveal drastic changes of the electronic structure under strain, associated with a Fermi surface Lifshitz transition. We provide an online applet to explore these effects. The experimental value of integrated spectral weight below 2 eV is significantly (up to a factor of 3) smaller than the DFT results, indicating a transfer of spectral weight from the infrared to energies above 2 eV. The suppression of the free carrier weight and the transfer of spectral weight to high energies together indicate a correlation-induced band narrowing and free carrier mass enhancement due to electronic correlations. Our findings provide a promising avenue for the tuning and control of quantum materials employing lattice engineering.
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| 13. |
- Aslam, Tayyba N., et al.
(författare)
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A survey of preferences for respiratory support in the intensive care unit for patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : WILEY. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 67:10, s. 1383-1394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundWhen caring for mechanically ventilated adults with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF), clinicians are faced with an uncertain choice between ventilator modes allowing for spontaneous breaths or ventilation fully controlled by the ventilator. The preferences of clinicians managing such patients, and what motivates their choice of ventilator mode, are largely unknown. To better understand how clinicians preferences may impact the choice of ventilatory support for patients with AHRF, we issued a survey to an international network of intensive care unit (ICU) researchers.MethodsWe distributed an online survey with 32 broadly similar and interlinked questions on how clinicians prioritise spontaneous or controlled ventilation in invasively ventilated patients with AHRF of different severity, and which factors determine their choice.ResultsThe survey was distributed to 1337 recipients in 12 countries. Of these, 415 (31%) completed the survey either fully (52%) or partially (48%). Most respondents were identified as medical specialists (87%) or physicians in training (11%). Modes allowing for spontaneous ventilation were considered preferable in mild AHRF, with controlled ventilation considered as progressively more important in moderate and severe AHRF. Among respondents there was strong support (90%) for a randomised clinical trial comparing spontaneous with controlled ventilation in patients with moderate AHRF.ConclusionsThe responses from this international survey suggest that there is clinical equipoise for the preferred ventilator mode in patients with AHRF of moderate severity. We found strong support for a randomised trial comparing modes of ventilation in patients with moderate AHRF.
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| 14. |
- Ham, C. J., et al.
(författare)
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Towards understanding reactor relevant tokamak pedestals
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 61:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The physics of the tokamak pedestal is still not fully understood, for example there is no fully predictive model for the pedestal height and width. However, the pedestal is key in determining the fusion power for a given scenario. If we can improve our understanding of reactor relevant pedestals we will improve our confidence in designing potential fusion power plants. Work has been carried out as part of a collaboration on reactor relevant pedestal physics. We report some of the results in detail here and review some of the wider work which will be reported in full elsewhere. First, we attempt to use a gyrokinetic-based calculation to eliminate the pedestal top density as a model input for Europed/EPED pedestal predictions. We assume power balance at the top of the pedestal, that is, the heat flux crossing the separatrix must be equal to the heat source at the top of the pedestal and investigate the consequences of this assumption. Unfortunately, the transport assumptions of the EPED model mean that this method does not discriminate between different pairs of density and temperature profiles for a given pressure profile. Second, we investigate the effects of non flux surface density on the bootstrap current. Third, type I ELMs will not be tolerable for a reactor relevant regime due to the damage that they are expected to cause to plasma facing components. In recent years various methods of running tokamak plasmas without large ELMs have been developed. These include small and no ELM regimes, the use of resonant magnetic perturbations and the use of vertical kicks. We discuss the quiescent H-mode here. Finally we give a summary and directions for future work.
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| 15. |
- Hambäck, Peter A., et al.
(författare)
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Tradeoffs and synergies in wetland multifunctionality : A scaling issue
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 862
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wetland area in agricultural landscapes has been heavily reduced to gain land for crop production, but in recent years there is increased societal recognition of the negative consequences from wetland loss on nutrient retention, biodiversity and a range of other benefits to humans. The current trend is therefore to re-establish wetlands, often with an aim to achieve the simultaneous delivery of multiple ecosystem services, i.e., multifunctionality. Here we review the literature on key objectives used to motivate wetland re-establishment in temperate agricultural landscapes (provision of flow regulation, nutrient retention, climate mitigation, biodiversity conservation and cultural ecosystem services), and their relationships to environmental properties, in order to identify potential for tradeoffs and synergies concerning the development of multifunctional wetlands. Through this process, we find that there is a need for a change in scale from a focus on single wetlands to wetlandscapes (multiple neighboring wetlands including their catchments and surrounding landscape features) if multiple societal and environmental goals are to be achieved. Finally, we discuss the key factors to be considered when planning for re-establishment of wetlands that can support achievement of a wide range of objectives at the landscape scale.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Kim, Hyun-Tae, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of D-T fusion power prediction capability against 2021 JET D-T experiments
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 63:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- JET experiments using the fuel mixture envisaged for fusion power plants, deuterium and tritium (D-T), provide a unique opportunity to validate existing D-T fusion power prediction capabilities in support of future device design and operation preparation. The 2021 JET D-T experimental campaign has achieved D-T fusion powers sustained over 5 s in ITER-relevant conditions i.e. operation with the baseline or hybrid scenario in the full metallic wall. In preparation of the 2021 JET D-T experimental campaign, extensive D-T predictive modelling was carried out with several assumptions based on D discharges. To improve the validity of ITER D-T predictive modelling in the future, it is important to use the input data measured from 2021 JET D-T discharges in the present core predictive modelling, and to specify the accuracy of the D-T fusion power prediction in comparison with the experiments. This paper reports on the validation of the core integrated modelling with TRANSP, JINTRAC, and ETS coupled with a quasilinear turbulent transport model (Trapped Gyro Landau Fluid or QualLiKiz) against the measured data in 2021 JET D-T discharges. Detailed simulation settings and the heating and transport models used are described. The D-T fusion power calculated with the interpretive TRANSP runs for 38 D-T discharges (12 baseline and 26 hybrid discharges) reproduced the measured values within 20 % . This indicates the additional uncertainties, that could result from the measurement error bars in kinetic profiles, impurity contents and neutron rates, and also from the beam-thermal fusion reaction modelling, are less than 20 % in total. The good statistical agreement confirms that we have the capability to accurately calculate the D-T fusion power if correct kinetic profiles are predicted, and indicates that any larger deviation of the D-T fusion power prediction from the measured fusion power could be attributed to the deviation of the predicted kinetic profiles from the measured kinetic profiles in these plasma scenarios. Without any posterior adjustment of the simulation settings, the ratio of predicted D-T fusion power to the measured fusion power was found as 65%-96% for the D-T baseline and 81%-97% for D-T hybrid discharge. Possible reasons for the lower D-T prediction are discussed and future works to improve the fusion power prediction capability are suggested. The D-T predictive modelling results have also been compared to the predictive modelling of the counterpart D discharges, where the key engineering parameters are similar. Features in the predicted kinetic profiles of D-T discharges such as underprediction of ne are also found in the prediction results of the counterpart D discharges, and it leads to similar levels of the normalized neutron rate prediction between the modelling results of D-T and the counterpart D discharges. This implies that the credibility of D-T fusion power prediction could be a priori estimated by the prediction quality of the preparatory D discharges, which will be attempted before actual D-T experiments.
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| 19. |
- Kristiansson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Correction to: Protection of Kidney Function with Human Antioxidation Protein α1-Microglobulin in a Mouse 177Lu-DOTATATE Radiation Therapy Model by Kristiansson A, Ahlstedt J, Holmqvist B, Brinte A, Tran TA, Forssell-Aronsson E, Strand S-E, Gram M, and Åkerström B. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 30: 1746-1759, 2019. DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7517.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Antioxidants & redox signaling. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-7716 .- 1523-0864. ; 32:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 20. |
- Bhatta, L, et al.
(författare)
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Bone mineral density and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women: the HUNT study
- 2021
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Ingår i: European journal of epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7284 .- 0393-2990. ; 36:11, s. 1169-1177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between bone mineral density (BMD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not fully understood. We evaluated BMD as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and specifically atrial fibrillation (AF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) and heart failure (HF) in men and women. This prospective population cohort utilized data on 22 857 adults from the second and third surveys of the HUNT Study in Norway free from CVD at baseline. BMD was measured using single and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the non-dominant distal forearm and T-score was calculated. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from adjusted cox proportional hazards models. The analyses were sex-stratified, and models were adjusted for age, age-squared, BMI, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol use, and education level. Additionally, in women, we adjusted for estrogen use and postmenopause. During a mean follow-up of 13.6 ± 5.7 years, 2 928 individuals (12.8%) developed fatal or non-fatal CVD, 1 020 AF (4.5%), 1 172 AMI (5.1%), 1 389 IS (6.1%), 264 HS (1.1%), and 464 HF (2.0%). For every 1 unit decrease in BMD T-score the HR for any CVD was 1.01 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.04) in women and 0.99 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.03) in men. Point estimates for the four cardiovascular outcomes ranged from slightly protective (HR 0.95 for AF in men) to slightly deleterious (HR 1.12 for HS in men). We found no evidence of association of lower distal forearm BMD with CVD, AF, AMI, IS, HS, and HF.
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| 21. |
- Costa, Elena, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond raw: Investigating alternative preparation methods as a tool to increase acceptance of oysters in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Future Foods. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-8335. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of seafood in supporting transitions towards more sustainable and healthier diets is often overlooked. Oysters, for example, are a nutrient dense aquatic food whose production requires no feed, freshwater, or land use. However, oyster consumption in Sweden is limited, possibly in part due to being traditionally served raw. This study investigated consumer acceptance of oysters when cooked and prepared to resemble familiar foods and examined whether food neophobia (FN) was related to liking. Four oyster-based samples (raw oyster, oyster crepe, oyster burger, and oyster soup) were evaluated in an ecologically valid setting. Participants (N=102; convenience sampling) rated the samples in terms of hedonics (expected liking and liking after tasting), described which aspects of the samples were liked/disliked, and reported the contexts in which oyster consumption is perceived as appropriate. The findings suggest that FN was negatively associated with expected liking of raw oysters, but not with expected liking for cooked oyster-based products that were cooked to resemble familiar foods. On the other hand, familiarity with oysters was positively associated with expected liking of raw oysters. This suggests that expanding oyster preparations beyond its traditional raw format could be a valuable strategy to promote oyster consumption in Sweden.
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| 22. |
- Hambäck, P.A., et al.
(författare)
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Trade-offs and synergies in the design of multifunctional wetlands : A scaling issue
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 862
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wetland area in agricultural landscapes has been heavily reduced to gain land for crop production, but in recent years there is increased societal recognition of the negative consequences from wetland loss on nutrient retention, biodiversity and a range of other benefits to humans. The current trend is therefore to re-establish wetlands, often with an aim to achieve the simultaneous delivery of multiple ecosystem services, i.e., multifunctionality. Here we review the literature on key objectives used to motivate wetland re-establishment in temperate agricultural landscapes (provision of flow regulation, nutrient retention, climate mitigation, biodiversity conservation and cultural ecosystem services), and their relationships to environmental properties, in order to identify potential for tradeoffs and synergies concerning the development of multifunctional wetlands. Through this process, we find that there is a need for a change in scale from a focus on single wetlands to wetlandscapes (multiple neighboring wetlands including their catchments and surrounding landscape features) if multiple societal and environmental goals are to be achieved. Finally, we discuss the key factors to be considered when planning for re-establishment of wetlands that can support achievement of a wide range of objectives at the landscape scale.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Hellgren, R, et al.
(författare)
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The association between breast cancer risk factors and background parenchymal enhancement at dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). - : SAGE Publications. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851. ; 61:12, s. 1600-1607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) of normal tissue at breast magnetic resonance imaging is suggested to be an independent risk factor for breast cancer. Its association with established risk factors for breast cancer is not fully investigated. Purpose To study the association between BPE and risk factors for breast cancer in a healthy, non-high-risk screening population. Material and Methods We measured BPE and mammographic density and used data from self-reported questionnaires in 214 healthy women aged 43–74 years. We estimated odds ratios for the univariable association between BPE and risk factors. We then fitted an adjusted model using logistic regression to evaluate associations between BPE (high vs. low) and risk factors, including mammographic breast density. Results The majority of women had low BPE (84%). In a multivariable model, we found statistically significant associations between BPE and age ( P = 0.002) and BMI ( P = 0.03). We did find a significant association between systemic progesterone medication and BPE, but due to small numbers, the results should be interpreted with caution. The adjusted odds ratio for high BPE was 3.1 among women with density D (compared to B) and 2.1 for density C (compared to B). However, the association between high BPE and density was not statistically significant. We did not find statistically significant associations with any other risk factors. Conclusion Our study confirmed the known association of BPE with age and BMI. Although our results show a higher likelihood for high BPE with increasing levels of mammographic density, the association was not statistically significant.
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| 25. |
- Jansen, Marielle J A, et al.
(författare)
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Patient-specific fine-tuning of CNNs for follow-up lesion quantification
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Imaging.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Convolutional neural network (CNN) methods have been proposed to quantify lesions in medical imaging. Commonly more than one imaging examination is available for a patient, but the serial information in these images often remains unused. CNNbased methods have the potential to extract valuable information from previously acquired imaging to better quantify current imaging of the same patient. A pre-trained CNN can be updated with a patient’s previously acquired imaging: patient-specific fine-tuning. In this work, we studied the improvement in performance of lesion quantification methods on MR images after fine-tuning compared to a base CNN. We applied the method to two different approaches: the detection of liver metastases and the segmentation of brain white matter hyperintensities (WMH). The patient-specific fine-tuned CNN has a better performance than the base CNN. For the liver metastases, the median true positive rate increases from 0.67 to 0.85. For the WMH segmentation, the mean Dice similarity coefficient increases from 0.82 to 0.87. In this study we showed that patient-specific fine-tuning has potential to improve the lesion quantification performance of general CNNs by exploiting the patient’s previously acquired imaging
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| 26. |
- Jansen, Marielle J. A., et al.
(författare)
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Patient-specific fine-tuning of convolutional neural networks for follow-up lesion quantification
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Imaging. - : SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS. - 2329-4302 .- 2329-4310. ; 7:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Convolutional neural network (CNN) methods have been proposed to quantify lesions in medical imaging. Commonly, more than one imaging examination is available for a patient, but the serial information in these images often remains unused. CNN-based methods have the potential to extract valuable information from previously acquired imaging to better quantify lesions on current imaging of the same patient.Approach: A pretrained CNN can be updated with a patient's previously acquired imaging: patient-specific fine-tuning (FT). In this work, we studied the improvement in performance of lesion quantification methods on magnetic resonance images after FT compared to a pretrained base CNN. We applied the method to two different approaches: the detection of liver metastases and the segmentation of brain white matter hyperintensities (WMH).Results: The patient-specific fine-tuned CNN has a better performance than the base CNN. For the liver metastases, the median true positive rate increases from 0.67 to 0.85. For the WMH segmentation, the mean Dice similarity coefficient increases from 0.82 to 0.87.Conclusions: We showed that patient-specific FT has the potential to improve the lesion quantification performance of general CNNs by exploiting a patient's previously acquired imaging.
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| 27. |
- Jansson, E., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic study reveals local differentiation persisting in the face of high connectivity and a genomic inversion likely linked with sexual antagonism in a common marine fish
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ices Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 8:4, s. 1103-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable harvest of wild populations requires knowledge of the underlying population structure. The focus of this study is on goldsinny wrasse (Ctenolabrus rupestris), a small marine fish inhabiting coastal waters of the north-eastern Atlantic. This species is caught in large numbers to serve as cleaner fish in salmonid aquaculture. We genotyped 2073 goldsinny wrasse from 43 sites along the Scandinavian coastline with 143 SNPs. Seven of the SNPs were linked and likely reside within a large genomic inversion dominated by one haplotype. The heterokaryotype of the putative inversion displayed sex-specific growth patterns, potentially resolving sexual antagonism for this trait. The unlinked 134 SNPs showed modest isolation-by-distance with samples from the northernmost locations showing highest divergence, whereas sites farther south were much more interconnected. Genetic divergence (F-ST) was highly variable among sites within regions, suggesting a varying degree of connectivity and local divergence. We conclude that despite a high degree of gene-flow mediated through pelagic dispersal in early life stages, regional and some local population structure remains due to limited adult movement in addition to other unidentified factors. Consequently, the species might be more vulnerable to local disturbances than previously anticipated.
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| 28. |
- Li, W, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting breast cancer response to neoadjuvant treatment using multi-feature MRI: results from the I-SPY 2 TRIAL
- 2020
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Ingår i: NPJ breast cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2374-4677. ; 6:1, s. 63-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI provides both morphological and functional information regarding breast tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The purpose of this retrospective study is to test if prediction models combining multiple MRI features outperform models with single features. Four features were quantitatively calculated in each MRI exam: functional tumor volume, longest diameter, sphericity, and contralateral background parenchymal enhancement. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the relationship between MRI variables and pathologic complete response (pCR). Predictive performance was estimated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The full cohort was stratified by hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status (positive or negative). A total of 384 patients (median age: 49 y/o) were included. Results showed analysis with combined features achieved higher AUCs than analysis with any feature alone. AUCs estimated for the combined versus highest AUCs among single features were 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76, 0.86) versus 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.85) in the full cohort, 0.83 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.92) versus 0.73 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.84) in HR-positive/HER2-negative, 0.88 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.97) versus 0.78 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.89) in HR-positive/HER2-positive, 0.83 (95% CI not available) versus 0.75 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.81) in HR-negative/HER2-positive, and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.91) versus 0.75 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.83) in triple negatives. Multi-feature MRI analysis improved pCR prediction over analysis of any individual feature that we examined. Additionally, the improvements in prediction were more notable when analysis was conducted according to cancer subtype.
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| 29. |
- Loarte, A., et al.
(författare)
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H-mode plasmas in the pre-fusion power operation 1 phase of the ITER research plan
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 61:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optimum conditions for access to and sustainment of H-mode plasmas and their expected plasma parameters in the pre-fusion power operation 1 (PFPO-1) phase of the ITER research plan, where the additional plasma heating will be provided by 20 MW of electron cyclotron heating, are assessed in order to identify key open R&D issues. The assessment is performed on the basis of empirical and physics-based scalings derived from present experiments and integrated modelling of these plasmas including a range of first-principle transport models for the core plasma. The predictions of the integrated modelling of ITER H-mode plasmas are compared with ITER-relevant experiments carried out at JET (low-collisionality high-current H modes) and ASDEX Upgrade (significant electron heating) for both global H-mode properties and scale lengths of density and temperature profiles finding reasonable agreement. Specific integration issues of the PFPO-1 H-mode plasma scenarios are discussed taking into account the impact of the specificities of the ITER tokamak design (level of ripple, etc).
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Matsoukas, Christos, et al.
(författare)
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Adding seemingly uninformative labels helps in low data regimes
- 2020
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Ingår i: 37th International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2020. - : International Machine Learning Society (IMLS). ; , s. 6731-6740
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence suggests that networks trained on large datasets generalize well not solely because of the numerous training examples, but also class diversity which encourages learning of enriched features. This raises the question of whether this remains true when data is scarce - is there an advantage to learning with additional labels in low-data regimes In this work, we consider a task that requires difficult-To-obtain expert annotations: Tumor segmentation in mammography images. We show that, in low-data settings, performance can be improved by complementing the expert annotations with seemingly uninformative labels from non-expert annotators, turning the task into a multi-class problem. We reveal that these gains increase when less expert data is available, and uncover several interesting properties through further studies. We demonstrate our findings on CSAW-S, a new dataset that we introduce here, and confirm them on two public datasets.
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| 32. |
- Niebuhr, B. B., et al.
(författare)
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Estimating the cumulative impact and zone of influence of anthropogenic features on biodiversity
- 2023
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Ingår i: Methods in Ecology and Evolution. - : British Ecological Society. - 2041-210X. ; 14, s. 2362-2375
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of cumulative impacts is widespread in policy documents, regulations and ecological studies, but quantification methods are still evolving. Infrastructure development usually takes place in landscapes with preexisting anthropogenic features. Typically, their impact is determined by computing the distance to the nearest feature only, thus ignoring the potential cumulative impacts of multiple features. We propose the cumulative ZOI approach to assess whether and to what extent anthropogenic features lead to cumulative impacts. The approach estimates both effect size and zone of influence (ZOI) of anthropogenic features and allows for estimation of cumulative effects of multiple features distributed in the landscape. First, we use simulations and an empirical study to understand under which circumstances cumulative impacts arise. Second, we demonstrate the approach by estimating the cumulative impacts of tourist infrastructure in Norway on the habitat of wild reindeer (Rangifer t. tarandus), a near-threatened species highly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance. In the simulations, we showed that analyses based on the nearest feature and our cumulative approach are indistinguishable in two extreme cases: when features are few and scattered and their ZOI is small, and when features are clustered and their ZOI is large. The empirical analyses revealed cumulative impacts of private cabins and tourist resorts on reindeer, extending up to 10 and 20 km, with different decaying functions. Although the impact of an isolated private cabin was negligible, the cumulative impact of ‘cabin villages’ could be much larger than that of a single large tourist resort. Focusing on the nearest feature only underestimates the impact of ‘cabin villages’ on reindeer. The suggested approach allows us to quantify the magnitude and spatial extent of cumulative impacts of point, linear, and polygon features in a computationally efficient and flexible way and is implemented in the oneimpact R package. The formal framework offers the possibility to avoid widespread underestimations of anthropogenic impacts in ecological and impact assessment studies and can be applied to a wide range of spatial response variables, including habitat selection, population abundance, species richness and diversity, community dynamics and other ecological processes. © 2023 The Authors. Methods in Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Rees, CA, et al.
(författare)
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Derivation and validation of a novel risk assessment tool to identify children aged 2-59 months at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality in 20 countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMJ global health. - : BMJ. - 2059-7908. ; 7:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Existing risk assessment tools to identify children at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality have shown suboptimal discriminatory value during external validation. Our objective was to derive and validate a novel risk assessment tool to identify children aged 2–59 months at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality across various settings.MethodsWe used primary, baseline, patient-level data from 11 studies, including children evaluated for pneumonia in 20 low-income and middle-income countries. Patients with complete data were included in a logistic regression model to assess the association of candidate variables with the outcome hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality. Adjusted log coefficients were calculated for each candidate variable and assigned weighted points to derive the Pneumonia Research Partnership to Assess WHO Recommendations (PREPARE) risk assessment tool. We used bootstrapped selection with 200 repetitions to internally validate the PREPARE risk assessment tool.ResultsA total of 27 388 children were included in the analysis (mean age 14.0 months, pneumonia-related case fatality ratio 3.1%). The PREPARE risk assessment tool included patient age, sex, weight-for-age z-score, body temperature, respiratory rate, unconsciousness or decreased level of consciousness, convulsions, cyanosis and hypoxaemia at baseline. The PREPARE risk assessment tool had good discriminatory value when internally validated (area under the curve 0.83, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.84).ConclusionsThe PREPARE risk assessment tool had good discriminatory ability for identifying children at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality in a large, geographically diverse dataset. After external validation, this tool may be implemented in various settings to identify children at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Strand, John A., et al.
(författare)
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Anlagda våtmarker som flödesbuffrare : Hur skapar vi synergieffekter medbiologisk mångfald och pollinering?
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Anlagda våtmarker har använts som naturbaserade lösningar på miljöproblem sedan 1990-talet i Sverige, framför allt i jordbrukslandskapet. Inledningsvis var huvudsyftet kostnadseffektiva åtgärder för att minska övergödningseffekter i havet men även våtmarkers positiva effekt på den biologiska mångfalden betonades tidigt. Under det senaste decenniet har anlagda våtmarker också diskuterats som lösning på andra miljönyttor, som flödesbuffring, vattenmagasinering och för att hålla kvar kol i organogena marker. För de senare ekosystemtjänsterna är forskningsläget emellertid osäkert och för vissa, såsom flödesbuffring, har det saknats faktiska mätdata. Denna brist är speciellt tydligt på de större landskapsskalor som behöver studeras för att exempelvis förstå våtmarkers och våtmarkslandskapens förmåga att förhindra översvämning lokalt och av nedströms belägna områden. I frånvaro av mätdata har förväntade positiva effekter i stället modellerats fram genom att utgå från parametrar som nederbörd och avrinningsområdens egenskaper. För att studera betydelsen av anlagda våtmarker i jordbrukslandskapet på flödesbuffring, dvs vattenmagasineringsförmågan, samt hur denna förmåga påverkar biologisk mångfald, har projektet samlat ett konsortium av experter och forskare inom framför allt ekologi och hydrologi. Inom ramen för projektet har en omfattande och strategisk provtagning genomförts under 3 år, av hydrologiska och ekologiska parametrar samt biologisk mångfald. Förutom dessa fältmätningar har även markägarnas åsikter kring värdet av sina anlagda våtmarker undersökts. Resultaten visar att anlagda våtmarker i jordbrukslandskapet har en stor potential att fungera som flödesutjämnare och buffra vatten både i den enskilda våtmarken och på landskapsnivå. Samtidigt gynnas en stor mängd organismgrupper, inklusive specialiserade våtmarksarter på nationella hotlistor. Resultaten visar också att för både flödesbuffring och biologisk mångfald finns flera avgörande parametrar vad gäller placering och design som styr hur väl en våtmark faktiskt levererar dessa ekosystemtjänster. De anlagda våtmarkerna i studien är huvudsakligen grävda dammar optimerade för näringsavskiljning och var därigenom relativt små och tog huvudsakligen emot dräneringsvatten från åkermark. Trots storleken bidrog de undersökta våtmarkerna till att dämpa högflöden med 3–17 %, vilket är i paritet med mätningar från naturliga våtmarker i tidigare studier (cirka 10 %). Det visade sig också att våtmarkerna bibehöll sina buffrande funktioner både under kortare högflödesperioder samt under ett år med hög årsnederbörd, vilket indikerar att de kan fungera med liknande effektivitet i ett framtida klimat med högre avrinning. Vid extremnederbörd framstår dock de buffrade volymerna i dessa små våtmarker som otillräckliga för att kunna fungera som (enskild) åtgärd, både idag och i framtiden. Till skillnad från naturliga våtmarker fanns inga starka samband mellan flödesbuffringen i studiens anlagda våtmarker och deras position i avrinningsområdet. Varken våtmarkens höjd över havet eller nerströms/uppströms placering i avrinningsområdet påverkade buffringsförmågan. Det fanns dock andra faktorer som påverkade våtmarkernas buffring, som att buffringen ökade med storleken på våtmarkens tillrinningsområden. Den effekten var delvis oväntad eftersom våtmarker med stora tillrinningsområde borde fyllas snabbare, vara fulla under längre tid och därmed buffra mindre effektivt. Resultaten tyder dock på att den tekniska utformningen på våtmarkerna ger dem god buffringskapacitet trots hög hydrologisk belastning. Resultaten visar också att det finns marginal för att förbättra buffringen genom tekniska anläggningsmekanismer, särskilt i fråga om tömningsmöjligheterna och reglerbarheten i utloppskonstruktionerna. Våra data visar att endast 47 % av den teoretiska volymförändringspotentialen utnyttjades i våtmarkerna, vilket kan medge ökad buffringspotential genom aktiv tömning/sänkning inför stora nederbördssituationer. De kraftiga vattennivåvariationerna i många av våtmarkerna, i kombination med förekomst av både flacka partier och brantare släntlutning, var positivt för artrikedomen hos flera organismgrupper. Generellt gynnades mångfalden hos flera grupper av större strandvåtmarker och flacka stränder, men det fanns undantag. Till exempel gynnades nätbyggande spindlar av brantare stränder. Ett oväntat resultat var också den begränsade eller till och med negativa effekten av betande djur, vilket går stick i stäv med rekommendationer i manualer för våtmarksanläggning och skötsel. Sannolikt gynnas leddjuren av att vegetationen hålls kort men samtidigt kan de rent fysiska effekterna av trampet missgynna artgrupper som har sin larvutveckling i blöt jord. För att förstå dessa samband behövs mer forskning som går in på mekanismer samt hur effekten påverkas av djurslag, djurtäthet och jordart. För insekter som utvecklas i vatten, som trollsländor, sågs inga samband med hydrologiska parametrar, men det var uppenbart att små, anlagda våtmarker är veritabla artöar för trollsländor. Totalt noterades 68 % av alla Sveriges arter på en yta (800 km2) som motsvarar 0,0015 % av Sveriges yta. Artsammansättning skilde sig mellan våtmarker och för att nå höga artantal på landskapsnivå kan det därför vara en fördel med många olika våtmarker i en region. För pollinatörer, särskilt bin, fanns korrelation mellan förekomst och storleken på våtmarkernas minsta vattenareal (dvs, när de är som mest uttorkade). Markägarenkäten visade att markägarna överlag ser mest nyttor, snarare än problem, med anlagda våtmarker. Mest notabelt var den höga nöjdheten med våtmarker (91 %) samt att en mycket stor andel markägare (83 %) använder sin våtmark för personlig rekreation, där skridskoåkning var populärast. Slutsatsen från studierna är att anlagda våtmarker som konstruerats för näringsavskiljning och i viss mån biologisk mångfald kan fungera bra som flödesbuffrare. Dessutom finns stor potential för ökad buffringskapacitet genom att både utformning (inte minst in- och utloppslösningar och aktiv nivåstyrning i våtmarkerna), läge och skötsel har en stor påverkan på den totala effekten. Dessutom verkar det finnas möjliga synergieffekter mellan vattennivåvariationer och artrikedomen av leddjur, men för att nå en hög biologisk mångfald i anlagda våtmarker bör stränderna vara heterogena eller att olika våtmarker har olika struktur.
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| 38. |
- Strand, Joanna, et al.
(författare)
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Humanization, radiolabeling and biodistribution studies of an igg1-type antibody targeting uncomplexed psa for theranostic applications
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pharmaceuticals. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8247. ; 14:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is today incurable. Conventional imaging methods have limited detection, affecting their ability to give an accurate outcome prognosis, and current therapies for metastatic prostate cancer are insufficient. This inevitably leads to patients relapsing with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Targeting prostate-specific antigens whose expression is closely linked to the activity in the androgen receptor pathway, and thus the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, is a possible way to increase specificity and reduce off-target effects. We have humanized and evaluated radioimmunoconjugates of a previously murine antibody, m5A10, targeting PSA intended for theranostics of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. The humanized antibody h5A10 was expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells transfected with the nucleotide sequences for the heavy and light chains of the antibody. Cell culture medium was filtered and purified by Protein G chromatography, and the buffer was changed to PBS pH 7.4 by dialysis. Murine and humanized 5A10 were conjugated with p-SCN-Bn-CHX-A”-DTPA. Surface plasmon resonance was used to characterize the binding to PSA of the immunoconjugates. Immunoconjugates were labeled with either indium-111 or lutetium-177. Biodistribution studies of murine and humanized 5A10 were performed in mice with LNCaP xenografts. 5A10 was successfully humanized, and in vivo targeting showed specific binding in xenografts. The results thus give an excellent platform for further theranostic development of humanized 5A10 for clinical applications.
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| 39. |
- Strand, Pär, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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A FAIR based approach to data sharing in Europe
- 2022
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6587 .- 0741-3335. ; 64:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European fusion research activities have, over recent decades, generated a vast and varied set of data. The volume and diversity of the data that need to be catalogued and annotated make the task of organising and making the data available within a broader environment very challenging. Nevertheless, there are strong scientific drivers as well as incentives and mandates from national research agencies suggesting that a more coherent approach to data referencing, dissemination and sharing would provide strong benefits to the fusion research community and beyond. Here, we discuss the technical requirements and developments needed to transition the current, and future, range of fusion research data to an open and Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable data sharing structure guided by the principle 'as open as possible, as closed as necessary'. Here we propose a set of recommendations and technical implementations needed to form a European data sharing environment for the fusion research programmes. Consistency with the emerging IMAS (ITER Integrated Modelling and Analysis Suite) infrastructure is considered to facilitate future deployments.
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| 40. |
- Suzuki, H., et al.
(författare)
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Distinct spin and orbital dynamics in Sr2RuO4
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4 has long served as a benchmark for theories of correlated-electron materials. The determination of the superconducting pairing mechanism requires detailed experimental information on collective bosonic excitations as potential mediators of Cooper pairing. We have used Ru L3-edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering to obtain comprehensive maps of the electronic excitations of Sr2RuO4 over the entire Brillouin zone. We observe multiple branches of dispersive spin and orbital excitations associated with distinctly different energy scales. The spin and orbital dynamical response functions calculated within the dynamical mean-field theory are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. Our results highlight the Hund metal nature of Sr2RuO4 and provide key information for the understanding of its unconventional superconductivity.
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| 41. |
- Tangeraas, T, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of Expanded Newborn Screening in Norway Supported by Post-Analytical Bioinformatics Tools and Rapid Second-Tier DNA Analyses
- 2020
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Ingår i: International journal of neonatal screening. - : MDPI AG. - 2409-515X. ; 6:3, s. 51-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2012, the Norwegian newborn screening program (NBS) was expanded (eNBS) from screening for two diseases to that for 23 diseases (20 inborn errors of metabolism, IEMs) and again in 2018, to include a total of 25 conditions (21 IEMs). Between 1 March 2012 and 29 February 2020, 461,369 newborns were screened for 20 IEMs in addition to phenylketonuria (PKU). Excluding PKU, there were 75 true-positive (TP) (1:6151) and 107 (1:4311) false-positive IEM cases. Twenty-one percent of the TP cases were symptomatic at the time of the NBS results, but in two-thirds, the screening result directed the exact diagnosis. Eighty-two percent of the TP cases had good health outcomes, evaluated in 2020. The yearly positive predictive value was increased from 26% to 54% by the use of the Region 4 Stork post-analytical interpretive tool (R4S)/Collaborative Laboratory Integrated Reports 2.0 (CLIR), second-tier biochemical testing and genetic confirmation using DNA extracted from the original dried blood spots. The incidence of IEMs increased by 46% after eNBS was introduced, predominantly due to the finding of attenuated phenotypes. The next step is defining which newborns would truly benefit from screening at the milder end of the disease spectrum. This will require coordinated international collaboration, including proper case definitions and outcome studies.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Vilhelmsson Timmermand, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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A conjugation strategy to modulate antigen binding and FcRn interaction leads to improved tumor targeting and radioimmunotherapy efficacy with an antibody targeting prostate-specific antigen
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 13:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) hu5A10 specifically targets and internalizes prostate cancer cells by binding to prostate specific antigen (PSA). Preclinical evaluations have shown that hu5A10 is an excellent vehicle for prostate cancer (PCa) radiotheranostics. We studied the impact of different chelates and conjugation ratios on hu5A10′ s target affinity, neonatal fc-receptor interaction on in vivo targeting efficacy, and possible enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Methods: In our experiment, humanized 5A10 (hu5A10) was conjugated with DOTA or DTPA at a molar ratio of 3:1, 6:1, and 12:1. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to study antigen and FcRn binding to the antibody conjugates. [111 In]hu5A10 radio-immunoconjugates were administered intravenously into BALB/c mice carrying subcutaneous LNCaP xenografts. Serial Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images were obtained during the first week. Tumors were harvested and radionuclide distribution was analyzed by autoradiography along with microanatomy and immunohistochemistry. Results: As seen by SPR, the binding to PSA was clearly affected by the chelate-to-antibody ratio. Similarly, FcRn (neonatal fc-receptor) interacted less with antibodies conjugated at high ratios of chelator, which was more pronounced for DOTA conjugates. The autoradiography data indicated a higher distribution of radioactivity to the rim of the tumor for lower ratios and a more homogenous distribution at higher ratios. Mice injected with ratio 3:1111 In-DOTA-hu5A10 showed no significant difference in tumor volume when compared to mice given vehicle over a time period of 3 weeks. Mice given a similar injection of ratio 6:1111 In-DOTA-hu5A10 or 6:1111 In-DTPA-hu5A10 or 12:1111 In-DTPA-hu5A10 showed significant tumor growth retardation. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the radiolabeling strategy could positively modify the hu5A10′ s capacity to bind PSA and complex with the FcRn-receptor, which resulted in more homogenous activity distribution in tumors and enhanced therapy efficacy.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Zurita, A., et al.
(författare)
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Identifying Optimum CSP plant Configurations for Spot Markets using a Dispatch Optimization Algorithm – A Case Study for Chile
- 2020
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Ingår i: SOLARPACES 2019. - : AIP Publishing.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents a dispatch optimizer algorithm that seeks to maximize the revenues of a CSP plant by selling electricity to the grid for a case study in Chile. The model comprehends a mixed-integer programming problem in which the operation and performance of the plant are represented by the physics and energy balances of the system. The analysis was applied using meteorological and electrical prices data of Crucero and Polpaico located in northern and central region of Chile, respectively, to couple a perfect forecast of weather and market conditions to the model. Results indicate that it is possible to determine best configurations for CSP plants in terms of solar field size and thermal storage under given electric prices conditions that result in better trade-offs between investment and profits of the plant. In this way, this work also demonstrates the importance of coupling optimized dispatch strategies with financial models, suggesting also that CSP developers could implement these type of optimizers with price forecasting models to evaluate the profitability and viability of their business models.
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| 46. |
- Alexander, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 12:8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) conveys a serious threat globally to health and economy because of a lack of vaccines and specific treatments. A common factor for conditions that predispose for serious progress is a low-grade inflammation, e.g., as seen in metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and heart failure, to which micronutrient deficiencies may contribute. The aim of the present article was to explore the usefulness of early micronutrient intervention, with focus on zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, to relieve escalation of COVID-19. Methods: We conducted an online search for articles published in the period 2010-2020 on zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, and corona and related virus infections. Results: There were a few studies providing direct evidence on associations between zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, and COVID-19. Adequate supply of zinc, selenium, and vitamin D is essential for resistance to other viral infections, immune function, and reduced inflammation. Hence, it is suggested that nutrition intervention securing an adequate status might protect against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - coronavirus-2) and mitigate the course of COVID-19. Conclusion: We recommended initiation of adequate supplementation in high-risk areas and/or soon after the time of suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2. Subjects in high-risk groups should have high priority as regards this nutritive adjuvant therapy, which should be started prior to administration of specific and supportive medical measures.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Clayton, Govinda, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing the ETH/PRIO Civil Conflict Ceasefire Dataset
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Conflict Resolution. - : Sage Publications. - 0022-0027 .- 1552-8766. ; 67:7-8, s. 1430-1451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article introduces the Civil Conflict CeaseFire (CF) dataset. The CF data covers all ceasefires in civil conflict between 1989 and 2020, including multilateral, bilateral and unilateral arrangements, ranging from verbal arrangements to detailed written agreements. In total, the CF data includes 2202 ceasefires across 66 countries and 109 civil conflicts. The data feature information on the actors involved in the ceasefire, and the class, purpose, coverage, and end date of the ceasefire. The CF data provide an empirical basis to assess the conditions that give rise to ceasefires, how ceasefires affect the dynamics of conflict, and the role of a ceasefire in the peace process. This article presents the rationale underlying the data collection, the coding rules and procedures, and how this data can be used for analysis.
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| 49. |
- de Morais Lima, Priscila, et al.
(författare)
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Farmers’ perceptions on organic fertilisers towards circularity–a case study in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica - Section B. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 0906-4710 .- 1651-1913. ; 74:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adequate treatment of organic manures and digestates from livestock production should reduce environmental impacts and provide well-defined and attractive biofertlisers for a crop production market, which can promote the closure of the nutrient cycle in agriculture. In this sense, a survey was conducted during the autumn of 2021 to investigate Swedish farmers’ perspectives on organic fertilisers use. The survey consisted of an online questionnaire, which was distributed broadly in the social media, homepages, different types of networks and at course events in order to reach all types of farms. There were 22 questions focused on current use, reasons for current use and preferences for future use. The analysis of the 99 fully responded surveys, demonstrated that 43% of the respondents think that they will increase their use of organic fertilisers in the coming 5–10 years and 60% think that they will use manure digestate in different forms (both solid and liquid fractions). Soil improvement was the main reason to use organic fertilisers, but there were also preferences for organic fertilisers with fast release of nutrients. The risk of soil compaction was the main reason not to use organic fertilisers and based on the responses, pellets and granulates seem to be more interesting than liquids and solids in general. Animal manures dominate the current use of organic fertilisers in Sweden however, other types of organic waste such as digestate and digestate derived fertilisers seems appealing to Swedish farmers. In conclusion, from this survey with 62% of the respondees in crop production, we found several indications of that there is a potential for increased use of organic fertilisers in Sweden on farms with limited use today. We found an openness, a broad interest and a demand for different types of products of different forms and origin. Since this demand in the end will almost always depend on the price of products in relation to the price of mineral fertilisers, which are fluctuating, we see the need of policy incentives in order to stimulate initiatives for the development towards increased circularity of nutrients.
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| 50. |
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